高考英语题型训练16:阅读理解专题

UMass Lowell’s OAP Trips

UMass Lowell’s Outdoor Adventure Program offers all kinds of outdoor trips to people. Below is the information about our trips.

HIKING

Some of the most beautiful mountains are only a few kilometres away from UMass Lowell. No matter what season it is, we explore these great places. We climb mountains to watch the bright fall colors or fresh green of spring. We experience the wonderland (仙境) of winter on our winter day hikes. Whether it is your first time or 50th, these hiking trips are packed full of fun and adventure.BIKING

Our biking trips include day road biking trips and overnight biking trips. On day trips, we enjoy local greenways like the Nashua River Rail Trail or the Minuteman Bikeway. On overnight trips, we may travel to places like Cape Cod. We also take breaks to enjoy the beaches, lighthouses, parks and small towns that we pass along the way.

SURFING

Our surfing trips travel to Hampton Beach, New Hampshire in the fall and Narragansett, Rhode Island in the spring. Beginners spend the first 1–1.5 hours with a surfing instructor starting on land and then getting into the water. The rest of the time is available to catch waves.

SNOWBOARDING

New England winters are known for the snowfall. Our snowboarding trips take advantage of winter conditions to get members out on the white snow. We spend one weekend at a popular place like Killington, Vermont, which offers different paths. We spend an evening at Crotched Mountain, which offers campfires and live music to enjoy.

1. What do we know about the hiking trip?

A. It usually lasts a few days.

B. It may involve big dangers.

C. It’s available all year round.

D. It’s especially fit for beginners.

2. What can we do on the biking trip?

A. Climb some famous mountains.

B. Visit some places as a tourist.

C. Enjoy some seafood.

D. Live in small towns.

3. Which trip should you choose if you want to enjoy music around campfires?

A. HIKING. 

B. BIKING. 

C. SURFING. 

D. SNOWBOARDING.

·be packed full of 充满……的

·available adj. 可获得的；可购得的

·take advantage of 利用

·campfire  n. 营火；篝火

We spend an evening at Crotched Mountain, which offers campfires and live music to enjoy. (Para. 5)

这是一个主从复合句。which引导_____________，先行词是“Crotched Mountain”，which在从句中作_____________。

If art preserves the culture of the Crow people, then Crow women are the keepers of that culture, cultivating it to reflect the modern day.

Fashion designer Bethany Yellowtail grew up riding horses and running in the fields and swimming in the river and being around her people in the Crow Nation and Northern Cheyenne Indian reservations in southeastern Montana. She knows first-hand the importance of art to maintaining native traditions. In 2015 she turned that knowledge into her own brand: B. Yellowtail. A year later, she created the B. Yellowtail Collective, made up of native artists, to foster economic opportunities for their communities. Many of those artists are women from different tribes but all of them preserve their culture and move it forward through their medium of choice.

Yellowtail and her team work for the native-owned business that’s rooted in community. Artists within the Collective typically receive 70% of profit from retail sales, and for a portion of the pandemic (流行病) the brand has upped that to 100%. The extra money has, of course, increased artists’ income in the past year, but the relationship is interdependent: without the work of those artists, B. Yellowtail wouldn’t exist and native culture would feel the loss.

Dewanda Little Coyote is Yellowtail’s mother. Family is deeply important to their tribe. So is art, which often runs in the family—and along the matriarchal (母系的) side. Little Coyote picked up her entrepreneurial spirit from her parents, who owned a gift shop. “My parents said, ‘If you have hands, create something. Do something, and make a living off of that,’” she said. After her parents passed away, the artist began learning beading (串珠) earrings herself. Dentalium, a tusk shell often used in native jewelry, caught her eye in particular. “I love it, because back in the day, our Cheyenne women wore a lot of dentalium,” she said. “So I wanted to give a contemporary look to that—to what our ancestors wore.”

Yellowtail herself learned sewing from her aunts and grandmothers before moving to Los Angeles in 2007 to study fashion design. Now, native women support native women—and matriarchal art evolves.

4. Why did Bethany Yellowtail set up B.Yellowtail?

A. To keep their culture alive.

B. To become rich as soon as possible.

C. To reflect the modern fashions.

D. To inspire more women to work.

5. What can we learn from the third paragraph? 

A. Native-owned businesses make money more easily.

B. The profit from the Collective has fallen sharply.

C. Local artists love to work in their community.

D. Artists’ income is related to the development of native culture.

6. Why is Dewanda Little Coyote mentioned in the text?

A. To prove she loves her daughter deeply.

B. To show how native culture is handed down.

C. To praise her efforts in helping the young.

D. To appeal to more women to join in jewelry design.

7. What kind of person is Bethany Yellowtail?

A. Humorous, modest and cooperative.

B. Traditional, cautious and outgoing.

C. Independent, competitive and creative.

D. Creative, determined and selfless.

·cultivate  vt. 培育；培养；耕作

·reservation  n. 保留地，居留地；预订，预约

·foster vt. 培养；促进

·entrepreneurial  adj. 具有创业素质的

If art preserves the culture of the Crow people, then Crow women are the keepers of that culture, cultivating it to reflect the modern day. (Para. 1)

这是一个主从复合句。if引导_____________，“cultivating it to reflect the modern day”是动词-ing形式短语作_____________。

A team of machine learning developers has created a system for making caricatures (漫画) of people’s faces. In a caricature, the artist creates a drawing of a face, with different parts of it greatly enlarged, or exaggerated. The pictures or images are usually made to make the person look funny.

Such drawings can be difficult for machines to produce. This is because the human face is made up of complex shapes with a lot of extremely small details. Generally, good caricatures require skilled artists who can effectively exaggerate faces, while still staying true to life.

Kaidi Cao led the research. In a paper explaining his research, Cao said other machine-based systems appear to pay more attention to appearance and style. But his team’s research uses a second machine learning tool to add “geometric exaggeration.” The new method improves on existing ones “in terms of visual quality and preserving identity.” In addition, the system gives users more ability to change results in both shape exaggeration and appearance.

The team tested how recognizable its caricatures were to human test subjects. People were shown caricatures and then asked to choose the correct one from a group of images with faces that looked very similar. Test results showed that in many cases, people had difficulty choosing the correct image when the caricatures were created with the older methods. The researchers said this was because such systems often created caricatures that were far too exaggerated or unclear. Not surprisingly, the most easily recognized caricatures in the experiment were made by humans. But the researchers said their system performed better in tests with human subjects than the older methods.

To date, the team has mostly worked on developing caricatures of people’s faces. But the researchers say they plan to expand on this in the future to include full bodies and other objects. They also plan to explore turning the current model around to permit caricature-to-photo translation. The team believes this might be useful for facial recognition of caricatures.

8. What kind of caricatures does Kaidi Cao’s team mainly develop?

A. Objects. 

B. Animals. 

C. People’s faces. 

D. People’s shapes.

9. Why is it hard for machines to draw a caricature of the face?

A. There are much fewer examples to learn.

B. Skilled artists are unwilling to teach.

C. It has complex shapes with small details.

D. They pay too much attention to appearance.

10. Which of the following caricatures are the easiest to recognize?

A. Those made by humans.

B. Those made based on a series of rules.

C. Those made by the new system.

D. Those made with the older methods.

11. What does the text mainly talk about?

A. A study on how people would draw.

B. Ways to create caricatures of people’s faces.

C. A team of machine learning developers’ new plans. 

D. A new machine system to make caricatures of people’s faces.

·exaggerate  vt. & vi. 夸大；夸张

·geometric  adj. 几何图形的；几何（学）的

·recognizable  adj. 易于识别的；容易认出的

·translation  n. 转变（熟词生义）；翻译

Generally, good caricatures require skilled artists who can effectively exaggerate faces, while still staying true to life. (Para. 2)

这是一个主从复合句。who引导_____________，先行词是“_____________”；“while still staying true to life”为状语从句的省略形式。

When the Spanish composer Manuel de Falla (1876–1946) received news of the death of the painter Ignacio Zuloaga (1870–1945), he was visibly sad and said to a friend, “What a pity. He died before I answered his letter, which he sent me five years ago!”

That incident is a drastic example of the problem with procrastination (拖延症)—delaying doing something habitually. It is a character defect (缺陷) that troubles many adults and one that usually begins in childhood. Ask children to make the bed, complete their homework, or clean their room, and they will find all sorts of reasons to delay the task.

There are many benefits that come from overcoming procrastination, and they include peace of mind, a feeling of personal power and more freedom. On the other hand, procrastinators often feel weak, helpless, anxious, frustrated, and depressed.

One father helped his 13-year-old son deal with his procrastination by utilizing positive, motivational sentences. He explains, “My son and I agreed there was a procrastination problem, so we put together some positive statements. Then we printed them on colorful sheets of paper and taped them to the wall of his bedroom.” Some of the sentences that the father and son used included these: “Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.” “Later never exists.” “There’s no time like the present.” “The sooner I finish, the sooner I can play.”

One mother of three children explains, “I negotiate with my children as to when things will be done, and then I leave them alone until the deadline arrives. I let them know from the start that if they don’t carry out the responsibility by the time agreed upon, there will be consequences. For example, my 14-year-old son recently procrastinated on doing a biology report and didn’t get it to the teacher on time. Not only did he get a zero grade, but I grounded him for the entire weekend. That meant no friends over and limited time to watch television or play video games.”

12. Why does the author mention the story of the Spanish composer?

A. To give an example of procrastination.

B. To explain the disadvantages of writing letters.

C. To show the absent-mindedness of a famous person.

D. To tell readers the friendship between two famous people.

13. What can we learn about procrastination from the text?

A. It is a childhood habit.  

B. It is harmful to one’s life.

C. It often appears in adulthood. 

D. It brings freedom to children.

14. How did the father help his son overcome procrastination?

A. By setting strict rules.  

B. By giving him warnings.

C. By making him motivated. 

D. By keeping him in high spirits.

15. What did the mother do when her son procrastinated on doing a report?

A. She reminded him of the deadline.

B. She reported him to the teacher.

C. She gave him some punishments.

D. She forbade him from watching TV for a whole day.

·drastic  adj. 极端的；激烈的；严厉的

·frustrated  adj. 沮丧的；失意的；懊恼的

·utilize vt. 使用；利用；运用；应用

·carry out 履行；实施；执行

·groundvt. 罚（儿童）不准出门（熟词生义）

There are many benefits that come from overcoming procrastination, and they include peace of mind, a feeling of personal power and more freedom. (Para. 3)

这是一个并列复合句。that引导_____________并在从句中作_____________，先行词是“benefits”。

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了UMass Lowell户外冒险项目中的四个活动。

【答案解析】

1. C 细节理解题。根据HIKING部分的“No matter what season it is, we explore these great places.”可知，一年四季都有远足活动。故选C。

2. B 细节理解题。根据BIKING部分的“we may travel to places like Cape Cod”和“We also take breaks to enjoy the beaches, lighthouses, parks and small towns that we pass along the way.”可知，骑行者可以去科德角之类的地方游览，能停下来欣赏沿途经过的沙滩、灯塔、公园和小镇，即他们能像游客一样游览一些地方。故选B。

3. D 细节理解题。根据SNOWBOARDING部分的最后一句“We spend an evening at Crotched Mountain, which offers campfires and live music to enjoy.”可知，参加滑雪板运动的成员能围着篝火，欣赏现场演奏的音乐。故选D。

【长难句分析答案】

非限制性定语从句；主语

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇记叙文。克罗部落（Crow Nation）是美国蒙大拿州的印第安部落。年轻的设计师Bethany Yellowtail在这里长大，她为了传承本土文化做出了很多努力。

【答案解析】

4. A 细节理解题。结合第二段中“She knows first hand the importance of art to maintaining native traditions. In 2015 she turned that knowledge into her own brand: B. Yellowtail.”可知，Bethany Yellowtail知道艺术对于本地传统的传承很重要。故选A。

5. D 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“The extra money has, of course, increased artists’ income in the past year, but the relationship is interdependent: without the work of those artists, B. Yellowtail wouldn’t exist and native culture would feel the loss.”可知，艺术家们在过去一年里收入增加了，但如果没有她们，这个品牌不会存在，本土文化也会丧失，所以作者认为这种关系是相互依赖的，由此可推知，艺术家的收入和本土文化的发展息息相关。故选D。

6. B 推理判断题。第四段介绍Dewanda Little Coyote是Yellowtail的妈妈，Dewanda Little Coyote从其父母那里学到了创业精神，自学了串珠耳饰，并希望给祖先佩戴的东西赋予一种现代的风格。这都体现了本土文化的传承。本段第三句中“So is art, which often runs in the family”说明了她也是本土文化推广中承上启下的一代人中的一员。故选B。

7. D 推理判断题。结合Yellowtail的经历可知，她是一位时尚设计师，说明她是一个有创意的人；她为了传承本土文化创立了品牌，并聘用当地艺术家来延续本土文化，说明她是一个有决心的人；她所做的一切并不是为了自己，而是为了文化的传承，这说明她是一个无私的人。故选D。

【长难句分析答案】

条件状语从句；状语

【语篇解读】

本文主要介绍了一个研究团队开发出的一种新的机器系统。这种机器系统可以通过学习艺术家的样本来画人的面部漫画。

【答案解析】

8. C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“A team of machine learning developers has created a system for making caricatures of people’s faces.”可知，Kaidi Cao的团队主要研发的是画人的面部漫画的机器。

9. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This is because the human face is made up of complex shapes with a lot of extremely small details.”可知，由于人的面部有着复杂的形状和许多非常小的细节，所以机器很难画出。故选C。

10. A 细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Not surprisingly, the most easily recognized caricatures in the experiment were made by humans.”可知，人画的漫画是最容易被认出的。B项是其他机器系统画漫画的方式，故不能选。

11. D 主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的机器系统，它通过学习艺术家的样本来画人的面部漫画，效果比老的方法好。C项的内容只是最后一段提及了，而非本文主要讲述的内容，故不能选。

【长难句分析答案】

定语从句；artists

【语篇解读】

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了拖延症的特征以及克服拖延症的方法。

【答案解析】

12. A 推理判断题。根据第一段以及第二段的第一句可知，作曲家Manuel de Falla收到一位画家的信五年都没有回复，听到对方去世的消息时后悔不已，此处提及这个故事是把它作为拖延症的典型例子。故选A。

13. B 细节理解题。根据第二、三段可知，拖延症对一个人的生活有消极的影响。故选B。

14. C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“by utilizing positive, motivational sentences”可知，这位父亲通过激励儿子帮助他克服拖延症。故选C。

15. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，当儿子犯拖延症没有按时完成老师布置的作业时，母亲给了他一定的惩罚。故选C。

【长难句分析答案】

定语从句；主语

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