社会文化类阅读文章是高考英语阅读理解的一种常见题材，着重考查考生对于语篇的理解能力以及信息处理能力，近几年在高考中出现的频率较高，它涉及人们衣、食、住、行等方面的日常生活、工作、休闲与娱乐，与考生息息相关，极富时代性与生活气息，且考查题材范围较广，颇受命题者的青睐。题目设置以细节理解题和推理判断题为主。
1. In 1769, in Paris,Denis Diderot, a French philosopher, wrote an essay about an unusual experience.In the essay, he described how he'd come into possession of a new, luxurious red dressing gown. But rather than make him happy, it made him miserable.
The reason Diderot's new dressing gown was making him unhappy was that its beauty and luxury clashed with his other, much shabbier possessions.Now all is discord. The overall effect is lost. There's no longer any unity or beauty. This need for unity left him with a desire to upgrade his stuff so that it matched the luxury of his new dressing gown. Soon there was a new tapestry (挂毯), new paintings, new prints, a new chair, a mirror, an expensive clock. Soon his whole apartment was completely transformed. In 1988 anthropologists Grant McCracken coined the term 'Diderot effect' to describe this desire for unity and how it shapes what we buy.
At that time many economists saw consumer goods in isolation, each one owned just for its function and utility and therefore easily replaced if a cheaper or better version came along.McCracken argued differently.Rather than looking at possessions individually, he argued the things we own reflect our identity and place in society, and for this reason, often belong in sets held together by the force of the Diderot effect. So a banker buys a Rolex to go with his BMW and bottle of Bollinger, or a hipster buys a graphic T-shirt and beard oil to go with his overpriced and under-functioning bicycle.
Now, sometimes the Diderot effect stops a consumer buying something, even if it's useful and a good price, because it doesn't fit with the set of goods that person already owns. However,if you can be tempted by one element of the set, the Diderot effect means a whole run of new purchases are likely to follow.
1. What madeDenis Diderot miserable?
A. The clash between the new gown andother possessions.
B. The lack of money forthe new gown .
C. The disagreement in the colors of the possessions.
D. The loss of the new gown’s effect .
2.What doesthe term 'Diderot effect' refer to?
A.The concept about what’s perfect.
B. The desire for unity when you consider what to buy.
C. The method ofshaping what we buy .
D. The description of consuming goods.
3.Which statement doesMcCracken agree with?
A. The consumer goods are owned just for its functionand utility.
B. The consumer goods are easily replaced if a cheaper one came along.
C. The consumer goods should be looked at individually.
D. The consumer goodsbelong in sets held togetherby some force.
4. What will happen according to the concept of'Diderot effect'?
A. A consumer will buy something if it's useful and a good price.
B. A consumer will buy whatfits with the set of goods already owned
C. A consumer will buy something that he/she does not need.
D. A consumer will buy what attracts him/her the most.
体裁：说明文题材：人与社会主题：狄德罗效应对购物的影响
【语篇导读】本文介绍了为什么我们爱“买买买”？原来是狄德罗效应对购物的影响。
1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句The reason Diderot's new dressing gown was making him unhappy was that its beauty and luxury clashed with his other, much shabbier possessions.狄德罗的新晨袍之所以让他不高兴，是因为它的美丽和奢华与他的其他破烂得多的物品发生了冲突。可知A答案合理。
2.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段1988 anthropologists Grant McCracken coined the term 'Diderot effect' to describe this desire for unity and how it shapes what we buy.1988 年，人类学家格兰特·麦克拉肯创造了“狄德罗效应”一词，用来描述这种对一致的渴望，以及它如何影响我们的购买行为。可知B选项是正确答案。
3.D【解析】推理判断题。结合McCracken argued differently. Rather than looking at possessions individually, he argued the things we own reflect our identity and place in society, and for this reason, often belong in sets held together by the force of the Diderot effect.他没有孤立地看待所有物，他认为，我们拥有的东西反映了我们的身份和在社会中的地位，因此，这些物品往往属于由狄德罗效应的力量凝聚在一起的集合。可知，D符合题意。
4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据追后一段sometimes the Diderot effect stops a consumer buying something, even if it's useful and a good price, because it doesn't fit with the set of goods that person already owns.狄德罗效应会阻止消费者购买一些东西，即使它很有用，价格也很便宜，因为它与消费者已有的商品不匹配。可以判断答案为B。
2. A high school diploma is not just another piece of printed-paper but rather is a very important base on which you could lay down the path of your future studies or your career. There are many advantages of earning a high school diploma. So if you are truly thinking of working towards a high school diploma then read on for the benefits of this piece of printed-paper.
If you are planning to pursue higher studies then you might require getting your high school diploma first. Even though some community colleges do not insist on a high school diploma, having one can be of immense benefit since your future studies could become a little easier if you have attained a high school diploma.
If you have a high school diploma, you can find a better paying job with a higher designation.Most employers would prefer an employee with a high school diploma since that would make it easier for them to understand the requirements of the job. In future, the chances of advancing up the employment ladder will also be higher if you have a diploma to back you up.
A high school diploma will give you the required confidence in yourself. You will be respected more at your workplace or in college and it will also help in the future if you need to convince your children to work towards attaining a higher education since it would be very difficult to explain to your children on the benefits of a good education if you yourself have dropped out of school.
Most of the subjects offered in high school such as mathematics or science can also help you in real life. So the knowledge gained while achieving that diploma will not go waste once you have completed your high school.
A high school diploma can therefore open the doors to future education and improve your job prospects and can also give to the assurance to face the world.
1. The first paragraphserves as ______.
A. the proof of the author’s pointsB. the conclusion of the argument
C. an introduction tothe topic D. a comparison between study and career
2.Whydoes the author think a high school diploma is important? Which one isfalse?
A.It provides an entry ticket to college.
B.It provides a higher paying job.
C.It provides confidence.
D.It provides a chance for you into the community college.
3. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. Having a high school diploma can make it easier for you to study the course in the college.
B. Having a high school diploma can result in success
C. A person without a high school diploma is sure to fail in the future.
D. A high school diploma can open the doors to your future education.
4.What is the title ofthe passage?
A. The Advantages Of Entering The Community College .
B. The Advantages Of Earning A High School Diploma
C. The Benefits Of Getting Education.
D. The Benefits Of Attaining A Higher Education.
文章强调了高中毕业证的优势。
1.推理判断题。结合文章开头可知第一自然段的作用是导入话题。C
2.细节理解题。结合文章可以看出2,3,4,5段分别提到了高中毕业证的一项优势，D选项是对第二段的误解。
3.推理判断题。结合第二段末句可推知答案为A，D选项是文章原话不属于推断。
4.主旨要义题。A选项是对第二段的误解，C选项范围太大，D选项说的是高等教育的好处，结合第一自然段可选答案为B。
3. Are you a high school student who enjoys using YouTube? You might not only enjoy watching videos on YouTube, but you may also like to make and share your own videos. YouTube allows those thirteen and older to share their videos. Though this can be fun to do, you need to display some caution when making your YouTube videos.
Display caution when making your YouTube videos? You might be wondering why you need to do so. What you may not realize is that your online content, including your YouTube videos, may be watched by those who are associated with your school. Those views may come from your friends, other classmates, or even school officials. That is why it is extremely importantthat you thoroughly examine your YouTube video content and make sure that no harm can come to you later on.
When it comes to YouTube video content that you should avoid,particularly if you are a high school student, the most obvious is illegal activities. You do not want to have video of yourself or your friends drinking underage, doing drugs, or committing another crime, no matter how minor it may seem. Because you never really know who will come across your videos. Another type of video content that you may want to avoid is content that is offensiveto other students at your school. This type of content most commonly comes upin video blogs. Many internet users use video blogs to vent their frustrations or talk about their day. If you are a high school student, you have to refrain from sounding too negative or even threatening. Although you may just be joking, “I’m so mad I could kill her,” could be taken out of context by someone viewing your YouTube video.
As you can see, there are serious consequences to not thinking before making and sharing your videos on YouTube.All high school students are urged to think about your future, before usingYouTube as a source of fun entertainment.
1.What can we learn about Youtube accordingto the passage?.
A. It’s a video-sharing website where youcan always meet your classmates.
B. It’s a website where you can share yourvideos.
C.It’s a blog where you can voice your opinions as you like
D.It’s a place where you can make yourvideos with your friends.
2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A．The content shared by high school students cannot be viewed by the headmasters .
B．The high students often sound too negative or even threatening content.
C．The offensive content most commonly comes up in video blogs.
D．YouTube doesn’t allow the teens to share their videos.
3.What is the author’s attitude towards using Youtube?
A. Opposed. B. Doubtful. C. Cautious. D.Supportive.
4.what’s the main idea of the passage?
A. High School Students must displaycaution When Using Youtube
B．High School Students don’t only enjoy watching videos, but also like to share their ownvideos on YouTube.
C．All high school students are urged to think about your future
D．All high school students are addicted to Using Youtube.
本文作者强调在Youtube网站上分享视频要慎重。
1.细节理解题。通读全文结合第一段第三句话可知，答案为B。
2.细节理解题。结合第三段四，五句话可知C选项是正确答案。
3.推理判断题。结合文章主旨以及反复复现caution一词可推知作者观点态度为C选项。
4.主旨要义题。结合全文以及第一段末句可以判断答案为A。
4. The Panamaniangovernment announced that the Chinese New Year, or Spring Festival, will be listed as a national holiday in Panama from 2022.The decision will boost the country's tourism economy, meanwhile acknowledge the contributions of Chinese-Panamanian to the country's "ethnic diversity and multiculturalism," noted Ivan Eskildsen, minister of Panama's National Tourism. "The country is working together with the Chinese Embassy in Panama to plan 2022 Spring Festival celebrations, which are expected to generate over $100 million in economic output," Eskildsen said. In addition, "by holding nationwide events, Chinese in Latin America can gather in Panama and celebrate the traditional Chinese festival," said Panama Minister of Culture Carlos Aguilar. Some Chinese netizens have questioned whether the decision was made out of "real concern for the Chinese living and working in the country" or merely an attempt to boost the country's economy. But many others looked at this decision on the brighter side, saying they believe that a "national celebration will cheer up the Chinese living in Panama, even if it is just an attempt to boost international tourism.""I hope it can enhance a sense of belonging among local Chinese toward the traditional culture during Spring Festival and attract Chinese from some neighboring countries to participate," posted one netizen. There has been a more than 100-year history of Chinese living in this Central American nation, where "the arrival of Chinese in Panama can be traced back to the mid-19th century. On June 12, 2017, China and Panama established diplomatic(外交的) relations. Since then bilateral relations have developed rapidly. When it comes to the news that the Panamanian government prepares to celebrate the Chinese New Year in 2022 as an official national holiday, Chinese citizens have applauded the country's plan.1.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The diplomatic relationship betweenChina and Panama
B. Panama’smove to list Chinese New Year as national holiday
C. The Chinese contributions to boost the Panama’s tourism economy
D. The celebration of Chinese New Year in Panama’s Chinese community
2.What does Eskildsen think of the announcement of the government?
A. It speeds the rapid development of the bilateral relations
B. It has increased over $100 million in economic output.
C.It contributes to the country's ethnic diversity and multiculturalism.
D. It helps Chinese in Latin America gather in Panama and celebrate the traditional Chinese festival.
3.Which is not the reason why the government announced the Spring Festival as a national holidayin Panama?
A.To boost international tourism.
B.To develop Panama’s tourism economy.
B. To provide the convenience forChinese in Panama .
D.To establish the relations between China and Panama .
4.What is the attitude of manyChinese netizens towards the decision of the Panamanian government?
A. Opposed. B. PositiveC. Doubtful. D. Cautious
体裁：说明文题材：社会生活主题：巴拿马过中国春节
【语篇导读】本文介绍巴拿马把中国春节设立为国家节日后的各方表达的观点。
1.B【解析】主旨要义题。通读全文结合第一段The Panamanian government announced that the Chinese New Year, or Spring Festival, will be listed as a national holiday in Panama from 2022.可知答案为B。
2.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段meanwhile acknowledge the contributions of Chinese-Panamanian to the country's "ethnic diversity and multiculturalism," noted Ivan Eskildsen, minister of Panama's National Tourism..可知C选项是正确答案。AD不是Eskildsen的观点，B是预计的效果，不是事实结果。
3.D【解析】细节理解题。结合文章末段On June 12, 2017, China and Panama established diplomatic(外交的) relations可知，D项不是原因。
4.B【解析】推理判断题。结合全文以及第三段But many others looked at this decision on the brighter side, saying they believe that a "national celebration will cheer up the Chinese living in Panama, even if it is just an attempt to boost international tourism."可以判断答案为B。
