One big challenge in keeping unsafe aging drivers off the road is convincing them that it is time to turn over the key.
【生词】convince v.使相信, 说服
【翻译】让那些因年龄增长而不再安全的驾驶员远离道路，其中一个重大挑战在于如何让他们相信，现在正是交还车钥匙的时候了。
It is a complete life-changer when someone stops-- or is forced to stop-- driving, said former risk manager Anne M. Menke.
【翻译】前风险经理安妮·M·门克表示，当一个人停止——或被迫停止——驾驶时，这将对整个人生产生彻底影响。“The American Medical Association advises physicians that in situation where clear evidence of substantial driving impairment implies a strong threat to patient and public safety, and where the physician’s advice to discontinue driving privileges is ignored, it is desirable and ethical to notify the Department of Motor Vehicles,”Menke wrote.
【生词】impairment n.损害，损伤
ethical adj.伦理学的, 道德的，伦理的, 凭处方出售的
【翻译】美国医学会建议医师：当存在明确证据表明患者存在严重驾驶能力受损，且该情况对患者及公众安全构成重大威胁，而医师关于暂停其驾驶资格的建议仍被忽视时，向机动车管理局通报此事既符合实际需求，亦符合伦理规范，”门克写道。“Some states require physicians to report, others allow but do not mandate reports, while a few consider a report breach of confidentiality. There could be liability and penalties if a physician does not act in accordance with state laws on reporting and confidentiality”, she counseled.
【生词】mandate vt.托管, 批准; vi.强制执行, 委托办理
breach n.违反，破坏, 破裂，缺口; v.违反，破坏, 突破，攻破
confidentiality n.机密性
liability n.责任, 倾向, 债务, <口>妨碍
in accordance with 按照, 依据
【翻译】部分州要求医师履行报告义务，部分州允许但并未强制要求报告，另有少数州则将报告行为视为违反保密义务。她指出，若医师未依照各州关于报告与保密的相关法律规定行事，则可能面临法律责任及处罚。
Part of the problem in keeping older drivers safe is that the difficulties are addressed piecemeal by different professions with different focuses, including gerontologists, highway administration officials, automotive engineers and others, said gerontologist Elizabeth Dugan.
【生词】piecemeal adj.零碎的, 逐个完成的, 一件一件的
gerontologist 研究老年医学的专家
【翻译】老年医学专家伊丽莎白·杜根表示，保障年长驾驶员安全面临的难题之一在于：相关问题正由不同专业领域的从业者——包括老年医学专家、公路管理部门官员、汽车工程师等——各自以不同侧重点零散地加以解决。“There’s not a National Institute of Older Driver Studies,”she said. “We need better evidence on what makes drivers unsafe”and what can help, said Dugan.
【翻译】“目前还没有一个‘国家老年驾驶员研究研究所’，”她说。“我们需要更多关于哪些因素会导致驾驶员不安全，以及哪些措施有助于改善这一状况的实证依据，”杜根表示。
One thing that does seem to work is requiring drivers to report in person for license renewal.
【生词】renewal n.重建，重生, 更新，革新, 重申, 合同的续订
【翻译】其中一项似乎行之有效的措施是要求驾驶员亲自前往办理驾照更新手续。
Mandatory in-person renewal was associated with a 31 percent reduction in fatal crashes involving drivers 85 or older, according to one study.
【生词】mandatory adj.强制的, 命令的, 受委托的
fatal adj.致命的, 灾难性的, 后果极严重的
【翻译】一项研究表明，强制要求驾驶人进行线下续证，可使85岁及以上驾驶者涉及的致命交通事故发生率降低31%。Passing vision tests also produced a similar decline in fatal crashes for those drivers, although there appeared to be no benefit from combining the two.
【翻译】通过视力检测同样使这些驾驶员的致命交通事故发生率出现类似下降，但将这两项检测结合使用似乎并未带来额外效益Many old drivers don't see eye doctors or can't afford to.
【翻译】许多年长的驾驶员既不去看眼科医生，也负担不起相关费用。
Primary care providers have their hands full and may not be able to follow through with patients who have trouble driving because they can't turn their heads or remember where they are going--or have gotten shorter and haven't changed their seat settings sufficiently to reach car pedals easily.
【生词】sufficiently adv.足够地，充分地, 十分，相当
pedal n.踏板, 脚蹬子
【翻译】基层医疗提供者已不堪重负，对于存在驾驶困难的患者，他们可能难以持续提供照护——这些患者或因无法转头而难以记起目的地，或因身高缩短而未能充分调整座椅设置以方便操作汽车踏板。
As long as there are other cars on the roads, self-driving cars won't solve the problems of crashes, said Dugan.
【翻译】杜根表示，只要道路上仍有其他车辆行驶，自动驾驶汽车就无法解决交通事故问题。Avoiding dangers posed by all those human drivers would require to many algorithms, she said.
【生词】algorithm n.运算法则, 演算法, 计算程序
【翻译】她表示，若要规避所有人类驾驶员带来的风险，将需要大量算法。
But we need to do more to improve safety, said Dugan. “If we're going to have 100-year lives, we need cars that a 90-year-old can drive comfortably.”
【翻译】但杜根表示，我们仍需采取更多措施来提升安全性。“如果我们希望人们能活到100岁，那么我们需要让90岁老人也能舒适驾驶的汽车。”
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