被动语态是初中英语短文填空、完型填空,单选的必考点。很多同学学到这里容易和时态混淆,今天我们就用最清晰的方式,把被动语态彻底讲透。一、什么是被动语态?英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态:主语是动作的执行者。例:The worker builds the house.(工人盖房子。)被动语态:主语是动作的承受者。例:The house is built by the worker.(房子被工人盖。)二、被动语态的构成基本公式:be + 过去分词 (past participle)be 动词随时态、人称、单复数变化。过去分词:规则动词加 -ed,不规则动词需特殊记忆(如 write → written, break → broken)。结构拆解:肯定句:主语 + be + 过去分词 (+ by 执行者)The bridge was built In 2001.(桥是2001年被建的)否定句:主语 + be + not + 过去分词The bridge wasn't built in 2001(桥不是2001年被建的)一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + 过去分词?Was the bridge built in 2001?(桥是2001年被建的吗)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?When was the bridge built ?(桥是什么时候被建的?)三、被动语态的时态(九年级中考要求)被动语态的时态通过be动词的变化来体现。九年级必须掌握以下四种:时态一般现在时am/is/are + 过去分词The classroom is cleaned every day.一般过去时was/were + 过去分词The window was broken yesterday.一般将来时will be + 过去分词The work will be finished in 3 days 。含情态动词情态动词 + be + 过去分词 Trees should be planted in spring 易错提醒:一般将来时被动是 will be done,不是 will done!情态动词被动必须是 情态动词 + be done,be 不能丢。四、主动变被动的"四步法"把主动句改为被动句,按以下步骤操作,永远不会错:第一步:找宾语在主动句中找出宾语(动作承受者),把它提到句首当主语。主动:Tom broke the window. → 宾语:the window第二步:写be动词根据新主语的人称、数以及原句的时态,写出对应的 be 动词形式。原句是一般过去时,新主语 the window 是单数 → was第三步:写过去分词把主动句的谓语动词改为过去分词。break → broken第四步:加by短语(可选)原句的主语变为 by 的宾语,放在句末。如果原主语是人称代词,需变宾格。Tom → by Tom:Tom broke the window✅ 完整转换:主动.被动:The window was broken by Tom.五、实战练习(附答案)1. 单项选择(1) — How often ______ the room ______?— Twice a day.A. is; cleaned B. does; clean C. was; cleaned D. will; clean(2) The book ______ by the writer last year.A. writes B. wrote C. was written D. is written(3) Many trees ______ around our school next spring.A. plant B. planted C. will be planted D. are planting2. 句型转换(4) They make cars in this factory. (改为被动语态)→ Cars ______ ______ in) We should allow children this factory.(5 to play outside. (改为被动语态)→ Children ______ ______ to play outside.📝 参考答案(1) A (2) C (3) C(4) are made (5) should be allowed