题量及分值
本题旨在检验学生依托语篇，综合理解并灵活运用英语的水平，实词与虚词的考查比重基本持平。名词、动词、形容词、副词这类实词带有实际含义，可以独立表达语义；而虚词主要承担语法连接作用，像从属连词、关系代词、冠词、介词，还有表达时态、语态的结构词都属于这一类。
本题共计10小题，每题1分，总分10分。考题形式为一篇篇幅约200词的英语短文，内含10个空，每空设置四个选项。作答时，考生要把握全文主旨大意，结合上下文，选出最合适的选项，保证全文用词、语法、句式和行文逻辑通顺严谨。
完形填空部分计划
为保证阅读的连贯性与上下文的一致性，完形填空部分用时一天完成。今日精讲该篇文章的十道题。后附答案解析、解题技巧及高频考点总结。
Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them. On that logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still 51 in their minds, Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U. S. history, on live TV. Anyone who didn’t know it before should have learned that bad things can happen. And they are made 52 worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our reluctance to work together before everything goes to hell.
Granted, some amount of delusion is probably part of the 53 condition. In A. D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went to work 54 , in the same spot—until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a review of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at 55 themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we ever did about the dangers we face. But it turns 56 that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is rarely the storm, the quake or the surge itself. More often, it is ourselves.
So what has happened in the year that 57 the disaster on the Gulf Coast? In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild the flood walls. They have got the walls to where they were before Katrina, more or less. That’s not 58 , we can now say with confidence. But it may be all that can be expected from one year of hustle.
Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to 59 the sick and the disabled. The city estimates that 15,000 people will need a ride out. However, state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken. The 60 with neighboring communities are ongoing and difficult.
51. A. fresh B. obvious C. apparent D. evident
52. A. little B. less C. more D. much
53. A. natural B. world C. social D. human
54. A. revising B. refining C. rebuilding D. retrieving
55. A. preparing B. protesting C. protecting D. prevailing
56. A. up B. down C. over D. out
57. A. ensued B. traced C. followed D. occurred
58. A. enough B. certain C. conclusive D. final
59. A. exile B. evacuate C. dismiss D. displace
60. A. conventions B. notifications C. communications D. negotiations
答案速查: 51.A 52.D 53.D 54.C 55.C
从历史来看，人类总要等到灾难亲身袭来之后，才会认真着手防灾。按这个道理来说，2006年本该是人类理性应对灾害的转折点。
9·11事件带来的伤痛记忆还历历在目，美国人就在电视直播里目睹了卡特里娜飓风——这场美国史上损失最惨重的灾难。但凡之前还没有意识到的人，都该明白灾难随时可能发生。而正是因为我们刻意无视风险，又习惯在局面彻底崩坏前不愿携手合作，才会让灾情雪上加霜。
诚然，抱有一定程度的幻想，大概是人性的常态。公元63年，庞贝城遭遇地震严重损毁，当地居民马上就在原址重建家园，直到16年后火山喷发，整座城市被彻底掩埋。
但梳理过去一年的灾害记录就能发现，现代美国人尤其不擅长在必然会到来的威胁面前保护自己。我们比以往任何时候都更清楚身边潜藏的危险，可事实证明，危机之中，我们最大的敌人很少是风暴、地震或是巨浪本身，更多时候，问题出在我们自己身上。
那么，墨西哥湾沿岸遭遇这场灾难之后的一年里，都发生了些什么？
在新奥尔良，陆军工程兵团夜以继日重修防洪堤。他们大体上将堤坝恢复到了卡特里娜飓风来袭之前的状态。但我们可以肯定地说，这远远不够。不过，这或许已是一年紧张赶工所能做到的极限。
与此同时，新奥尔良的官员拟定了方案，计划动用巴士和列车，疏散病患与残障人士。该市预估，共有15000人需要乘车撤离。但州政府官员至今还没有确定，要把这些灾民安置到何处。与周边社区的协商工作仍在推进，而且困难重重。
【题目精讲】
51. With the memory of 9/11 still 51 in their minds, Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U. S. history, on live TV.
A. fresh B. obvious C. apparent D. evident
【译文】9·11事件的记忆还鲜活地留在人们脑海里，美国人就在直播电视上目睹了卡特里娜飓风——美国史上损失最惨重的灾难。
【解析】【A】词义辨析题。A选项fresh表示“鲜活的，记忆犹新的”；B选项obvious意为“一眼明显的”；C选项apparent意为“表面看得出的”；D选项evident意为“证据确凿、显而易见的”。结合语境修饰memory，a fresh memory 表示“记忆犹新”，贴合句意，所以选A。
52. And they are made 52 worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our reluctance to work together before everything goes to hell.
A. little B. less C. more D. much
【译文】更糟糕的是，在灾难降临前，我们刻意无视风险、不愿携手应对，会让灾情进一步恶化。
【解析】【D】语义衔接题。空格单词用来修饰比较级worse。根据文中willful blindness（刻意漠视）能看出，现状本就不容乐观。A项little和B项less都带有否定含义，不符合语境；C项more语义合适，但不能修饰形容词比较级；D项much可修饰比较级，符合语法与句意，故选D。
53. Granted, some amount of delusion is probably part of the 53 condition.
A. natural B. world C. social D. human
【译文】诚然，一定程度的错觉妄想，或许本就是人类状态的一部分。
【解析】【D】语义衔接题。A选项natural意为“自然的”；B选项world意为“世界的”；C选项social意为“社会的”；D选项human意为“人类的”。句子主语delusion（错觉、妄想）是人类才有的想法感受，所以空格要填入和人相关的词，D选项贴合文意，故选D。
54. In A. D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went to work 54, in the same spot—until they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later.
A. revising B. refining C. rebuilding D. retrieving
【译文】公元63年，庞贝古城遭遇地震重创，当地居民立刻在原址开工重建，直到16年后火山喷发，整座城市被彻底掩埋。
【解析】【C】词义衔接题。A选项revising意为“修订、校对文稿；修改内容”；B选项refining意为“精炼、打磨工艺”；C选项rebuilding意为“重建”；D选项retrieving意为“找回、挽回损失”。根据原文庞贝城被地震损毁，人们紧接着就地重建，C符合句意，故选C。
55. But a review of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at 55 themselves from guaranteed threats.
A. preparing B. protesting C. protecting D. prevailing
【译文】但是回看过去一年的灾害记录就能发现，现代美国人并不擅长在确定会到来的威胁面前保护自身安全。
【解析】【C】固定搭配题。A选项prepare意为“准备”；B选项protest意为“抗议”；C选项protect意为“保护”；D选项prevail意为“说服、占上风”。protect sb. from sth. 是固定搭配，含义为“保护某人免受伤害”，结合后文的threats威胁，C匹配句意和搭配，故选C。
56. But it turns 56 that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is rarely the storm, the quake or the surge itself.
A. up B. down C. over D. out
【译文】但事实证明，危急时刻，我们最大的敌人很少是风暴、地震或是巨浪本身。
【解析】【D】固定搭配题。A turn up 意为“出现，调高音量”；B turn down 意为“拒绝、调低”；C turn over意为“翻转，移交”；D turn out 构成固定句型it turns out that…，意思是“事实证明、结果是”，用来引导后面从句，匹配句子结构，故选D。
57. So what has happened in the year that 57 the disaster on the Gulf Coast?
A. ensued B. traced C. followed D. occurred
【译文】那么，在墨西哥湾海岸这场灾难过后的一年里，都发生了哪些改变？
【解析】【C】语义衔接题。A选项ensue意为“随之发生”，是不及物动词；B选项trace意为“追溯，追踪”；C选项follow意为“跟随，在……之后发生”，强调时间先后；D选项occur意为“发生”，不及物。定语从句缺少谓语动词，后面直接接宾语the disaster，需要及物动词，C满足条件，故选C。
58. They have got the walls to where they were before Katrina, more or less. That’s not 58, we can now say with confidence.
A. enough B. certain C. conclusive D. final
【译文】他们大致把防洪堤恢复到卡特里娜飓风来临前的样子。但我们现在可以笃定地说，这还远远不够。
【解析】【A】语义衔接题。A选项enough意为“足够的”；B选项certain意为“确定的”；C选项conclusive意为“决定性的”；D选项final意为“最后的”。把四个词代入句子，只有enough能通顺表达含义，其余单词放入句子语义不通，故选A。
59. Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to 59 the sick and the disabled.
A. exile B. evacuate C. dismiss D. displace
【译文】与此同时，新奥尔良的官员拟定方案，打算借助大巴和列车疏散病患与残障人士。
【解析】【B】语义衔接题。A选项exile意为“流放”；B选项evacuate意为“疏散、撤离，转移人员到安全地带”；C选项dismiss意为“遣散、不予考虑”；D选项displace意为“迫使离开故土”。结合语境，利用交通工具转移弱势群体避险，evacuate符合灾害场景下撤离人员的含义，故选B。
60. However, state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken. The 60 with neighboring communities are ongoing and difficult.
A. conventions B. notifications C. communications D. negotiations
【译文】但州政府官员还没有敲定这些灾民的安置地点。他们和周边社区的协商还在推进，过程困难重重。
【解析】【D】语义衔接题。A选项convention意为“公约、惯例”；B选项notification意为“通知、通告”；C选项communication意为“通讯、交流”；D选项negotiation意为“谈判、协商磋商”。根据后文ongoing and difficult（持续进行且困难重重），能判断是和周边社区开展安置协商，D匹配语境，故选D。
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完形填空中的词义辨析题
题型分析
词义辨析是完形填空的重要考查形式，常见考点包含动词、副词以及近义词区分，着重检验考生对单词词性、词义的理解能力。该题型全方位考查考生综合运用语言的能力，要求结合整篇语篇进行分析。一方面检验词汇、短语、固定搭配等基础知识储备，另一方面考验考生分辨语篇连贯性、一致性，依托全文信息开展逻辑推理的能力。
解题技巧
词义辨析类题目考查目标较为明确，建立在文章细节理解与日常单词积累之上。考生可以依靠上下文句意推断目标词汇，保证语句之间顺畅衔接。答题步骤建议：首先快速浏览全文和选项，掌握文章整体大意；随后精读语段，预判考点方向。结合上下文含义逐一筛选选项，提升答题效率。还可以结合语法点和常识排除不正确的选项。
【高频词汇及短语】
historically adv. 历史上
disaster n. 灾难
rational adj. 理性的
breakthrough n. 突破
willful adj. 故意的
delusion n. 错觉
evacuate v. 疏散
ongoing adj. 持续进行的
hustle n. 奔忙
surge n. 巨浪
