2015英一Text2|第一代大学生真题精读|全文翻译|生词|长难句拆解|26-30题逐题精讲

四季读书网 2026-10-14 08:54:27 3 0

文章原文

　　For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

　　But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.

　　The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a four-year degree.

　　Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.

　　Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because U.S. colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.”

全文中文翻译

　　多年来研究发现：第一代大学生（父母均无大学学位的学生）在多项学业指标上落后于其他学生。他们成绩更低，辍学率更高。但这类学生一旦顺利完成高等教育，在经济层面最有可能实现阶层跃升，因此数十年来高校一直努力招收更多第一代大学生。《心理科学》期刊一篇即将发表的论文，开篇便道出令人沮丧的现状：这就形成了一个“悖论”——招收第一代大学生，却眼睁睁看着其中很多人学业失败。这意味着高等教育持续复制并扩大基于社会阶层的学业差距，而非缩小这一差距。

　　但这篇论文整体态度相当乐观，文中提出了这个问题的潜在解决方案。研究表明，有一种干预方案（仅一小时，几乎零成本）能够缩小第一代大学生与其他学生之间63%的学业差距（以成绩等指标衡量）。

　　该论文作者来自多所高校，研究结论基于一所未具名私立大学内147名参与项目学生的实验。第一代大学生定义为：父母没有四年制大学学位。大部分第一代大学生（59.1%）是佩尔助学金获得者，该助学金是面向有经济困难本科生的联邦补助；而父母至少一方拥有本科学位的学生中，仅有8.6%能拿到这项补助。

　　论文的论点：相对温和的干预手段就能产生巨大效果。该论点基于这样一种观点：第一代大学生最欠缺的并非学习潜力，而是处理大学生普遍面临各类问题的实用知识。作者引用多位学者过往的研究证明，想要弥合学业差距，就必须先补齐这方面的短板。

　　作者写道：许多第一代大学生“艰难适应高等教育里的中产文化，学习这套‘游戏规则’，学会利用大学资源”。当高校不去谈论不同学生群体存在的阶层优劣势时，这个问题就会愈发突出。“由于美国高校很少承认社会阶层会影响学生的求学经历，很多第一代大学生不清楚自己陷入困境的根源，也不明白和自己情况相似的学生该如何提升。”

核心生词&短语

first-generation 第一代的；first-generation college student 第一代大学生

lag 落后

a range of 一系列

dropout rate 辍学率

advance economically 在经济上获得提升，实现经济改善

recruit 招收，招募

paradox 悖论，自相矛盾的情况

reproduce 复制；重现

widen 扩大，加宽

forthcoming 即将发表的；即将到来的

journal 期刊

outline 概述，勾勒

potential 潜在的；潜力

next-to-no-cost 几乎零成本

measured by 以……衡量

recipient 接受者，获得者

federal 联邦的

undergraduate 本科生

financial need 经济困难

thesis 论点；论文

modest 适度的；不大的

intervention 干预措施

practical knowledge 实用知识

cite 引用

narrow 缩小；变窄

navigate 应对，适应；导航

take advantage of 利用

acknowledge 承认

insight 洞察力，深刻理解

长难句解析

长难句1

　　原句：This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.

　　句子结构：主句This has created a paradox；in that引导原因状语从句；从句主干是recruiting..., but watching... means that...，两个动名词并列作主语；means后接that引导宾语从句；based on social class是过去分词作后置定语修饰gap；forthcoming in the journal...作后置定语修饰paper。

　　翻译：《心理科学》期刊一篇即将发表的论文，开篇便道出令人沮丧的现状：这就形成了一个“悖论”——招收第一代大学生，却眼睁睁看着其中很多人学业失败。这意味着高等教育持续复制并扩大基于社会阶层的学业差距，而非缩小这一差距。

　　考点：动名词并列作主语、in that引导原因状语从句，考研阅读高频长难句。

长难句2

　　原句：Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.

　　句子结构：主句Their thesis was based on the view；两个that引导同位语从句，分别解释thesis和view；not in...but in... 不是……而是……；how to deal with...作介词about宾语；末尾that引导定语从句修饰issues。

　　翻译：论文的论点：相对温和的干预手段就能产生巨大效果。该论点基于这样一种观点：第一代大学生最欠缺的并非学习潜力，而是处理大学生普遍面临各类问题的实用知识。

　　考点：同位语从句、not...but...对比结构，考研阅读、翻译高频考点。

长难句3

　　原句：Because U.S. colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.

　　句子结构：Because引导原因状语从句；从句内how引导宾语从句；主句主干many students lack insight... and do not understand...；why和how分别引导宾语从句，作介词about与动词understand的宾语。

　　翻译：由于美国高校很少承认社会阶层会影响学生的求学经历，很多第一代大学生不清楚自己陷入困境的根源，也不明白和自己情况相似的学生该如何提升。

　　考点：多重宾语从句嵌套，因果逻辑，命题人喜欢在因果句设置考题。

题目逐题精讲

正确答案：26.C｜27.A｜28.C｜29.D｜30.D

26题

　　题干：Recruiting more first-generation students has ______.

　　[A] reduced their dropout rates

　　[B] narrowed the achievement gap

　　[C] missed its original purpose

　　[D] depressed college students

　　答案：C

　　原文定位：But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class...

　　解析：高校初衷：招收第一代大学生，帮助他们成功，缩小学业差距。现实结果：招进来，但很多人失败，学业差距反而扩大。也就是没有达成最初目标，违背初衷，对应C missed its original purpose。

　　干扰项分析：

　　A：原文没有说辍学率下降；

　　B：原文是差距扩大，不是缩小；

　　D：文中没有说让大学生感到沮丧。

27题

　　题干：The authors of the research article are optimistic because ______.

　　[A] the problem is solvable

　　[B] their approach is costless

　　[C] the recruiting rate has increased

　　[D] their findings appeal to students

　　答案：A

　　原文定位：But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap...

　　解析：as引导原因，作者乐观，因为文章提出了潜在解决方案，说明这个问题可以解决。

　　干扰项分析：

　　B：next-to-no-cost是几乎零成本，不等于costless完全无成本，表述绝对；

　　C：招生率上升不是乐观的原因；

　　D：文中未提及研究结果吸引学生。

28题

　　题干：The study suggests that most first-generation students ______.

　　[A] study at private universities

　　[B] are from single-parent families

　　[C] are in need of financial support

　　[D] have failed their college

　　答案：C

　　原文定位：Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need...

　　解析：大部分第一代大学生是佩尔助学金获得者，这项助学金专门给有经济困难的本科生，说明他们需要经济资助，选C。

　　干扰项分析：

　　A：研究样本取自私立大学，不代表大多数第一代大学生都在私立大学读书；

　　B：文中没有提到单亲家庭；

　　D：原文只是部分人失败，不是大多数。

29题

　　题干：The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students ______.

　　[A] are actually indifferent to the achievement gap

　　[B] can have a potential influence on other students

　　[C] may lack opportunities to apply for research projects

　　[D] are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

　　答案：D

　　原文定位：...the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students.

　　解析：第一代大学生缺少处理大学各类问题的实用知识，也就是在应对大学事务方面缺少经验，对应D。

　　干扰项分析：

　　A：他们并非对学业差距漠不关心；

　　B：文中没有提到对其他学生有影响；

　　C：研究项目申请无中生有。

30题

　　题干：We may infer from the last paragraph that ______.

　　[A] universities often reject the culture of the middle-class

　　[B] students are usually to blame for their lack of resources

　　[C] social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences

　　[D] colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

　　答案：D

　　原文定位：And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because U.S. colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experiences...”

　　解析：高校很少承认社会阶层会影响求学经历，不去主动讲解不同群体的阶层利弊，加剧了第一代大学生的困境。由此推断：高校要为此问题承担一部分责任，选D。

　　干扰项分析：

　　A：大学不是拒绝中产文化，只是不讨论阶层差异；

　　B：不是学生自身的过错；

　　C：社会阶层会影响求学经历，并非极大丰富教育体验，曲解原文。

文末总结

　　本篇文章围绕第一代大学生的学业困境展开，核心悖论：高校扩招第一代大学生，却没能缩小阶层带来的学业差距。

　　命题的核心考点：

　　1. 因果逻辑、同位语从句，本篇两大难点；

　　2. 细节题重点关注原文修饰词，比如next-to-no-cost不等于完全免费，选项经常偷换程度词；

　　3. 推理判断题，不能主观臆断，必须依托原文线索。

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