CATTI 全国翻译专业资格考试
英语一级笔译模拟试卷 4
《笔译实务》
考 生 须 知
1. 本试卷依据《CATTI 全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语笔译大纲》命制，选材来自近期公开报道的重大时事、科技、财经与文化动态。
2. 答案必须填涂/书写在答题卡/答题纸的相应位置，在试卷上作答无效。
3. 考试结束后，试卷与答题卡一并收回。
笔译实务（180 分钟，满分 100 分）
本卷仅设《笔译实务》一科，含翻译与审定稿两部分。请将文章译成目的语，并审校给定译文。
Section 1英译汉（40 分）
将下列英语文章译成汉语。要求译文忠实原文、行文通顺、术语准确，符合政经评论的语体。
English Source
When the world's two largest economies announced in Geneva in May 2025 that they would roll back the steep tariffs imposed only weeks earlier, the immediate reaction was relief. American levies on Chinese goods fell from 145 percent to 30 percent, and Chinese levies on American goods from 125 percent to 10 percent, with the sharpest measures suspended for ninety days. Markets rallied. Yet the more durable significance of the episode lies not in the numbers but in what it revealed about how trade disputes are now conducted.
The first lesson is that escalation is easy and de-escalation is expensive. Tariffs can be imposed by decree, in a single afternoon, on the strength of a legal provision never intended for the purpose. Removing them requires negotiation, reciprocal concessions and, crucially, a domestic political narrative that allows each side to claim victory. The ninety-day window was itself an acknowledgement that neither government could simply reverse course; both needed time to present retreat as strategy.
The second lesson concerns the instruments of leverage. The dispute was never confined to tariffs. It encompassed export controls on advanced semiconductors, restrictions on rare earths and critical minerals, reviews of investment in strategic sectors, and the treatment of firms listed on each other's exchanges. This proliferation reflects a deeper shift: trade policy has been absorbed into a broader competition over technology and security, in which the currency of power is not the tariff rate but the ability to deny access to something indispensable.
The third lesson is institutional. The World Trade Organization, whose dispute-settlement system has been paralysed since 2019, played almost no role in the negotiations. Settlements were reached bilaterally, in third countries chosen for their neutrality, and announced in joint statements whose legal status is deliberately ambiguous. If this becomes the norm, the rules-based system will not collapse dramatically; it will be bypassed, quietly and repeatedly, until its authority is nominal.
For China, the episode carried a mixed message. On one hand, it demonstrated that sustained pressure can be resisted: the export sector adapted, supply chains were rerouted, and trade with Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Latin America expanded faster than trade with the United States. On the other, it confirmed that access to the American market remains valuable enough to justify concessions, and that the terms of that access will be renegotiated repeatedly rather than settled once.
Optimists note that the suspension of the harshest measures, however temporary, established a precedent for dialogue. Regular consultation mechanisms, once dismissed as a formality, have acquired real value: they create channels through which misunderstandings can be corrected before they harden into policy. Sceptics reply that a truce renewed every few months is not a settlement but a postponement, and that the underlying disputes — over industrial subsidies, technology transfer and market access — remain untouched.
What comes next is less a question of tariffs than of architecture. Three models are competing. One is a world of bilateral bargains, in which the strong extract terms and the weak accommodate. A second is a world of blocs, in which trade follows security alliances and the middle ground shrinks. A third is a reformed multilateralism, in which rules are updated to cover subsidies, digital services and national security exceptions that the original framework never anticipated. Only the third offers small economies any real protection, and only the third requires the great powers to accept limits on their own discretion. The Geneva and London talks kept the first model alive; they did nothing to build the third. That is the work still waiting to be done.
Section 2汉译英（40 分）
将下列汉语文章译成英语。要求译文忠实原文、庄重得体、术语精准，符合对外宣介文本的语体。
汉语原文
民生是人民幸福之基。中国坚持在发展中保障和改善民生，把“一老一小”作为重点，织密扎牢社会保障网。2025年，国家建立育儿补贴制度，对3周岁以下婴幼儿发放补贴，直接减轻家庭养育负担；同时扩大普惠托育服务供给，让更多家庭“托得起、托得好”。
就业是最基本的民生。中国实施就业优先战略，突出抓好高校毕业生、农民工等重点群体就业，健全终身职业技能培训制度，支持灵活就业和新就业形态健康发展。养老方面，基本养老保险覆盖面持续扩大，社区居家养老服务网络加快完善，老年人多样化需求得到更好满足。医疗保障方面，居民医保人均财政补助标准继续提高，跨省异地就医直接结算更加便捷，药品和高值医用耗材集中带量采购持续扩围，群众看病就医负担进一步减轻。
保障和改善民生没有终点。中国将继续尽力而为、量力而行，加强普惠性、基础性、兜底性民生建设，推动基本公共服务向农村、边远地区和困难群体倾斜，让发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，不断实现人民对美好生活的向往。
Section 3审定稿（英译汉，10 分）
下面是某译者将英语原文译成的汉语译文，其中植入了若干实质性错误。请对照原文，指出错误所在（序号—位置—错误性质—修改意见），并给出修改后的完整定稿。
English Source（原文）
China's inbound tourism industry has undergone a remarkable transformation. In 2025, the number of foreign visitors entering the country rose sharply, driven by an unprecedented relaxation of visa requirements. Citizens of more than seventy countries now enjoy visa-free entry for stays of up to thirty days, while transit passengers from dozens more may remain for up to 240 hours — ten days — without a visa, provided they enter and exit through designated ports. The policy has been extended repeatedly, and officials have signalled that further expansion is likely.
The effects are visible far beyond the major gateways. Cities that once saw few overseas visitors now host them in numbers that local businesses struggle to serve. Hotel occupancy in second-tier destinations has climbed; independent guides report full calendars; and restaurants in historic quarters have added English menus. Perhaps more significant than the spending is the storytelling: foreign vloggers, drawn by the novelty of what they find, have produced a stream of videos that reach audiences no official campaign could buy. Their impressions are often more persuasive than advertising, precisely because they are unscripted.
Not everything has gone smoothly. Payment systems built around domestic mobile applications long excluded foreign cards, and although international card acceptance has improved, visitors still report friction. Language barriers persist outside major cities, where English signage is uneven and few staff speak foreign languages. Booking systems for museums and trains, designed for domestic users, can defeat travellers who lack a Chinese mobile number. These are the ordinary frictions of a country that, for two decades, was primarily an exporter of tourists rather than a destination.
The economic case for addressing them is straightforward. Inbound tourism generates foreign exchange, supports employment in services and, unlike merchandise exports, attracts no tariffs. It also serves a diplomatic purpose: visitors who leave with favourable impressions become, in effect, advocates. For a country seeking to counter narratives it considers unfair, the appeal of people-to-people contact is obvious.
Yet the strategy carries tensions. Visa-free entry widens the pool of arrivals, which places greater demands on border management, public security and health surveillance. Officials must weigh openness against control, and the balance struck in one period may not suit another. Some destinations have responded by channelling visitors toward curated attractions, which risks producing the very artificiality that the new travellers claim to avoid.
The deeper question is whether the boom is durable. Novelty fades; a destination that is fashionable this year may be forgotten the next. Sustaining demand will require investment in languages, service standards, transport connections and, above all, in the quality of what visitors actually experience. If that investment is made, inbound tourism could become a lasting pillar of the service economy. If it is not, the surge of the mid-2020s will be remembered as a spike rather than a shift — a moment of curiosity that was not converted into a relationship.
Business travel has followed a similar trajectory. Conference organisers report growing interest from Asian and European firms, and several international associations have moved annual meetings to Chinese cities for the first time. For companies weighing whether to attend a trade fair in person, the removal of visa paperwork has lowered a barrier that was previously decisive. Executives who once scheduled a single regional trip now combine visits to three or four cities, a pattern that multiplies spending on hotels, transport and services. Chambers of commerce have been quick to notice: several have reopened offices or expanded their teams, betting that the recovery is structural rather than seasonal.
待审定译文（Draft Translation）
中国的入境旅游业经历了显著转变。2025年，在签证要求前所未有地放宽的推动下，入境外国游客数量大幅上升。目前，十七个国家的公民可免签入境，停留期最长三十天；另有数十个国家的过境旅客可在免签情况下停留最长240小时，即二十天，条件是从指定口岸入境和出境。该政策曾被多次延长，官员表示还可能进一步扩大。
其影响远远超出主要门户城市。过去很少见到海外游客的城市，如今接待的游客数量让本地商家应接不暇。次级目的地的一线城市酒店入住率上升；自由职业导游称日程已排满。或许比消费更重要的是讲述：被所见所闻的新鲜感吸引而来的外国视频博主，制作了大量视频，其触达的受众是任何官方宣传都无法购买的。他们的观感往往比广告更有说服力，恰恰因为其内容未经审查。
并非一切都顺利。以国内移动应用为基础建立的支付系统长期排斥外国银行卡，尽管国际卡受理情况已有改善，游客仍反映存在不便。在大城市以外，语言障碍依然存在，英文标识参差不齐，会说外语的员工寥寥无几。为国内用户设计的博物馆和火车票预订系统，会让没有中国手机号的旅行者无从下手。这些是一个二十年来主要是游客输出国而非目的地国的国家所面临的寻常摩擦。
解决这些问题的经济理由显而易见。入境旅游创造外汇，支撑服务业就业，而且与货物出口不同，它不吸引关税。它还具有外交作用：带着良好印象离开的游客，实际上成了倡导者。对于一个试图反驳其认为不公正叙事的国家来说，人与人接触的吸引力显而易见。
然而，这一战略也带来张力。免签入境扩大了入境者群体，对边境管理、公共安全和卫生监测提出更高要求。官员必须在开放与管控之间被权衡，而在某一时期取得的平衡未必适用于另一时期。一些目的地通过把游客引向精心安排的景点来应对，这有可能制造出人工感。
更深层的问题是，这股热潮能否持续。新鲜感会消退；今年时髦的目的地，明年可能就被遗忘。维持需求需要在语言、服务标准、交通连接，以及最重要的——游客实际体验的质量——上进行投入。如果这些投入到位，入境旅游可能成为服务经济持久的支柱。如果没有，2020年代中期的这波增长将被记为转变而非高峰——一个未被转化为关系的猎奇时刻。
商务旅行也呈现类似轨迹。会展组织方反映，来自亚洲和欧洲企业的兴趣日益浓厚，若干国际协会首次将年会移师中国城市举办。对于权衡是否亲赴展会的企业而言，免去签证手续降低了一道此前具有决定性的门槛。过去只安排一次区域行程的高管，如今会把三四个城市连成一线，这种模式成倍放大了酒店、交通和服务支出。各地商会很快注意到这一点：多家商会重新开设办事处或扩充团队，押注这轮复苏是结构性的而非季节性的。
Section 4审定稿（汉译英，10 分）
下面是某译者将汉语原文译成的英语译文，其中植入了若干实质性错误。请对照原文，指出错误所在（序号—位置—错误性质—修改意见），并给出修改后的完整定稿。
汉语原文
探索浩瀚宇宙，是全人类的共同梦想。2025年5月，天问二号探测器成功发射，开启中国首次小行星采样返回之旅。它瞄准的小天体2016 HO3被称作地球的“准卫星”，直径约40至100米，与地球同步绕太阳运行。由于该天体引力极小，探测器无法像在月球上那样平稳着陆，只能依靠精确导航，以“接触即退”的方式采集样品。
完成采样后，天问二号将释放返回舱，把样品送回地球，随后继续飞往一颗主带彗星，开展长期科学探测。一次任务、两个目标，这在世界航天史上并不多见，对探测器的自主导航和燃料管理提出了极高要求。
小行星保存着太阳系形成初期的原始信息，部分还含有有机分子和含水矿物，对研究地球水的来源和生命起源具有重要价值。同时，近地小行星也是可能撞击地球的天体，了解其结构有助于未来开展防御。天问二号因此既是基础科学探索，也是对人类共同安全的贡献。
值得一提的是，这次任务采用了“零窗口”发射方式，即在预定时刻分秒不差地点火升空，以确保探测器精确进入转移轨道。这背后是数以万计参数的协同计算与多次联合演练，体现了中国航天工程体系的成熟。
待审定译文（Draft Translation）
Exploring the vast universe is a common dream of all mankind. In March 2025, the Tianwen-2 probe was successfully launched, starting China's first asteroid sample return journey. It targets a small body called 2016 HO3, known as the Earth's “quasi-satellite”, about 40 to 100 metres in diameter, which orbits the Sun in step with the Earth. Because the gravity of this body is extremely small, the probe cannot land smoothly as it did on the Moon; it can only rely on precise navigation and collect samples by “contact and retreat”.
After finishing sampling, Tianwen-2 will release the return capsule to send the samples back to Earth, and then continue to fly to a main-belt comet for long-term scientific exploration. It places extremely high demands on the probe's autonomous navigation and fuel management.
Asteroids preserve primitive information from the early days of the solar system's formation, and some also contain organic molecules and water-bearing minerals, which are of great value to studying the origin of Earth's water and the origin of life. At the same time, near-Earth asteroids are also bodies that may hit the Earth, and understanding their structure will help carry out defence in the future. Tianwen-2 is therefore both a basic scientific exploration and a contribution to the common security of mankind.
It is worth noting that the mission adopted a “windowless launch”, lifting off at precisely the scheduled moment so that the probe could enter its transfer orbit accurately. Behind this lay the coordinated computation of tens of thousands of parameters and repeated joint rehearsals, reflecting the maturity of China's space engineering system.
End of the Test
本卷及参考答案的 PDF 打印版本已放 ima 知识库「CATTI 英语：学习与考试」的“CATTI 模拟试卷”文件夹中，可用微信扫一扫下面二维码免费获取
