福建中考英语单项选择里,代词辨析属于基础但容易丢分的考点。代词题通常不考复杂长句,主要看学生能不能分清:这个空在句子里作主语、宾语,还是表示“谁的”。初一阶段最需要先掌握的就是四类代词:主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词。
一、四类代词速记表
| 人称 | 主格 | 宾格 | 形容词性物主代词 | 名词性物主代词 |
| 第一人称单数 | I | me | my | mine |
| 第一人称复数 | we | us | our | ours |
| 第二人称 | you | you | your | yours |
| 第三人称单数 | he / she / it | him / her / it | his / her / its | his / hers / its |
| 第三人称复数 | they | them | their | theirs
二、用法口诀
主格作主语:放在动词前面。
She likes reading.
宾格作宾语:放在动词或介词后面。
Please help me. / Listen to him.
形容词性物主代词 + 名词:后面一定要接名词。
This is my book.
名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词:后面不能再接名词。
This book is mine. = This book is my book.
简单记忆: “有名则形,无名则名;动前主格,动介后宾。”
三、福建中考常见考法
1. 辨人称:选项形式相同,但人称不同,如 he / she / they。要根据上下文判断指代谁。
2. 辨形式:选项都是同一人称,但格不同,如 he / him / his / his。要看空格在句中作什么成分。
3. 物品归属题:常出现 “Is this your ...? / It’s mine / hers / his.” 这类对话。
4. 动词/介词后用宾格:如 help me, talk to him, proud of her。
5. 名词性物主代词单独使用:如 This pen is yours. / Hers is blue.
四、福建中考类型练习 20 题
一、主格与宾格辨析
1. ______ am a student in Grade Seven.
A. I B. Me C. My
答案:A
解析:空格作主语,用主格 I。
2. Mr. Lin teaches ______ English this term.
A. we B. us C. our
答案:B
解析:teach sb. English 中,sb. 作宾语,用宾格 us。
3. —Who is that girl? —______ is my cousin.
A. Her B. She C. Hers
答案:B
解析:空格作主语,用主格 She。
4. My grandparents live in Xiamen. I often visit ______.
A. they B. them C. their
答案:B
解析:visit 后接宾语,用宾格 them。
5. Listen to ______! She is singing beautifully.
A. she B. her C. hers
答案:B
解析:介词 to 后用宾格 her。
二、形容词性物主代词辨析
6. This is ______ schoolbag. I bought it yesterday.
A. I B. me C. my
答案:C
解析:后面有名词 schoolbag,用形容词性物主代词 my。
7. Tom forgot ______ homework at home this morning.
A. he B. him C. his
答案:C
解析:修饰名词 homework,用 his。
8. —Is this ______ pencil box, Lily? —Yes, it is.
A. you B. your C. yours
答案:B
解析:后面有名词 pencil box,用形容词性物主代词 your。
9. The dog is hungry. Please give ______ some water.
A. it B. its C. it’s
答案:A
解析:give 后接宾语,用宾格 it。its 是物主代词,it’s 是 it is 的缩写。
10. We should take care of ______ classroom.
A. we B. us C. our
答案:C
解析:修饰名词 classroom,用 our。
三、名词性物主代词辨析
11. —Is this dictionary ______? —No, it’s Linda’s.
A. you B. your C. yours
答案:C
解析:空格后没有名词,表示“你的字典吗”,用名词性物主代词 yours。
12. My ruler is blue. ______ is red.
A. Her B. Hers C. She
答案:B
解析:hers = her ruler,后面不再接名词。
13. This isn’t my jacket. ______ is in my bag.
A. My B. Mine C. Me
答案:B
解析:mine = my jacket,作主语。
14. These books are not theirs. They are ______.
A. our B. ours C. us
答案:B
解析:空格后没有名词,用名词性物主代词 ours。
15. —Whose bag is this? —It’s ______.
A. he B. him C. his
答案:C
解析:his 既是形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词,此处表示“他的包”。
四、综合辨析
16. ______ brother plays basketball very well.
A. He B. Him C. His
答案:C
解析:修饰名词 brother,用形容词性物主代词 his。
17. Miss Zhang is kind. We all like ______.
A. she B. her C. hers
答案:B
解析:like 后接宾语,用宾格 her。
18. —Are these ______ pens? —No, they are ______.
A. your; theirs B. yours; their C. you; them
答案:A
解析:第一空后有名词 pens,用 your;第二空后无名词,用名词性物主代词 theirs。
19. I can’t find my eraser. May I use ______?
A. you B. your C. yours
答案:C
解析:yours = your eraser,后面不接名词。
20. ______ are good friends, and we often help ______ after class.
A. We; each other B. Us; we C. Our; us
答案:A
解析:第一空作主语用 we;第二空表示“互相帮助”,each other 符合语境。若只考代词形式,也可改为:
We often help ______.
A. they B. them C. their
此时答案为 B。
五、易错提醒
1. your 和 yours 不要混用:
your + 名词;yours 单独使用。
2. his 有两种身份:
既可作形容词性物主代词,也可作名词性物主代词。
3. its 和 it’s 要分清:
its 表示“它的”;it’s 是 it is / it has 的缩写。
4. 动词和介词后面用宾格:
help me, talk to him, listen to her, proud of us。
5. 做题先看空格前后有没有名词:
有名词多用形容词性物主代词;没有名词且表示“谁的”,多考虑名词性物主代词。
注:本文 20 道练习题为原创仿真题,命题形式参考福建中考及福建各地质检英语代词考查方式,主要借鉴其“辨人称、辨形式、物品归属、主格宾格区分、物主代词区分”等常见设题思路。文中语法表格、用法说明及考情分析参考了福建中考代词复习资料和中考代词专题材料。