孩子学英语,代词是绕不过去的一道坎。我家孩子最近也总错:
I 和 me 分不清
my 和 mine 搞混
he 和 him 用反
不知道什么时候用 myself
今天把初一常考的代词一次讲清楚。建议先关注,再让孩子一节一节看。每讲完一段规则,我都配了顺口溜。
📌 家长速查版(没时间看全文,只看这里)
今晚陪学三句话:
“这个代词在动词前面还是后面?”
前面用 I/he/they,后面用 me/him/them。
“后面有没有名词?有名词用 my/your/his,没名词用 mine/yours/his。”
“主语和宾语是不是同一个人?是就用反身代词。”
最简单的判断:
动词前面用 I/he/they,动词后面用 me/him/them。
后面有名词用 my/your/his,后面没名词用 mine/yours/his。
孩子错了怎么讲:
孩子写成 | 错在哪 | 怎么讲 |
Me am a student. | 主语用主格 | “做主语用 I,me 是宾格” |
I like he. | 宾语用宾格 | “动词后面用 him,不用 he” |
Give it to I. | 介词后面用宾格 | “to 后面用 me,不用 I” |
This is my. | 形容词性后面要加名词 | “my 后面要加名词,比如 my book” |
This book is my. | 名词性物主代词 | “后面没有名词,用 mine” |
These is my books. | these 后面用 are | “these 是复数,配 are” |
He hurt he. | 主语和宾语同一个人用反身代词 | “主语是 he,宾语也是他,用 himself” |
一张纸顺口溜:
主格做主语,宾格做宾语;
形容词性后面加名词,名词性后面不加;
主语宾语同一人,反身代词来帮忙。
一、什么是代词?
代词,就是代替名词的词。
比如:
Tom is a boy. He is my friend.(用 He 代替 Tom)
I like apples. I like them.(用 them 代替 apples)
代词的作用是避免重复。英语代词分好几种,初一主要学这四种:
类型 | 作用 | 例子 |
人称代词 | 代替人或物 | I, you, he, she, it, we, they |
物主代词 | 表示“谁的” | my, your, his, her, our, their |
反身代词 | 表示“自己” | myself, yourself, himself |
指示代词 | 表示“这个/那个” | this, that, these, those |
二、人称代词:主格和宾格
人称代词分主格和宾格,这是孩子最容易混的地方。
1. 主格和宾格对照表
人称 | 主格 | 宾格 |
第一人称单数 | I | me |
第二人称单数 | you | you |
第三人称单数 | he / she / it | him / her / it |
第一人称复数 | we | us |
第二人称复数 | you | you |
第三人称复数 | they | them |
2. 什么时候用主格?什么时候用宾格?
主格:做主语,放在动词前面。
I am a student.
He is my friend.
They are playing football.
宾格:做宾语,放在动词或介词后面。
She likes me.
I know him.
Give it to them.
This is for us.
介词后面一定用宾格:
for me / to him / with us / from them
❌ Give it to I. → ✅ Give it to me.
3. 怎么判断用主格还是宾格?
教孩子一个简单方法:
把句子还原成陈述句,看这个代词在动词前面还是后面。
动词前面→ 主格
动词/介词后面 → 宾格
例子:
___ am a student. → 动词 am 前面 → 用 I(主格)
She likes ___. → 动词 likes 后面 → 用 me(宾格)
Give the book to ___. → 介词 to 后面 → 用 him(宾格)
📝 人称代词顺口溜
主格做主语,动词前面站;
宾格做宾语,动词介词后面跟。
I me, you you, he him, she her,
we us, they them,一定要分清。
三、物主代词:形容词性和名词性
物主代词表示“谁的”,分两种:
1. 形容词性物主代词(后面必须加名词)
人称 | 形容词性 | 例子 |
第一人称单数 | my | my book |
第二人称单数 | your | your pen |
第三人称单数 | his / her / its | his bag / her cat / its tail |
第一人称复数 | our | our school |
第二人称复数 | your | your books |
第三人称复数 | their | their teacher |
注意: its 是物主代词,表示“它的”;it’s = it is,别搞混。
its 和 it’s 的区别:
its:它的(后面加名词)
The dog wagged its tail. 狗摇了它的尾巴。
it’s:它是(= it is)
It’s a nice day. 今天天气真好。
关键:形容词性物主代词后面必须加名词。
✅ This is my book.
❌ This is my.(后面没名词,不能用 my)
2. 名词性物主代词(后面不加名词)
人称 | 名词性 | 例子 |
第一人称单数 | mine | It‘s mine. |
第二人称单数 | yours | It’s yours. |
第三人称单数 | his / hers / its | It‘s his. / It’s hers. |
第一人称复数 | ours | It‘s ours. |
第二人称复数 | yours | It’s yours. |
第三人称复数 | theirs | It‘s theirs. |
关键:名词性物主代词后面不加名词,因为它本身就等于“形容词性 + 名词”。
公式:名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词
my book = mine
your pen = yours
his bag = his
her cat = hers
This is my book. = This book is mine.
That is her pen. = That pen is hers.
3. 怎么判断用形容词性还是名词性?
看后面有没有名词:
后面有名词→ 形容词性(my, your, his, her...)
后面没有名词→ 名词性(mine, yours, his, hers...)
例子:
This is ___ book. → 后面有 book → 用 my
This book is ___. → 后面没有名词 → 用 mine
📝 物主代词顺口溜
形容词性后面加名词,my book, your pen;
名词性后面不加词,mine, yours, his, hers;
有名词用形容词,没名词用名词性;
my 和 mine 别搞混,看后面有没有名词。
四、反身代词:表示“自己”
反身代词表示动作又回到主语自己身上。
1. 反身代词对照表
人称 | 反身代词 |
第一人称单数 | myself |
第二人称单数 | yourself |
第三人称单数 | himself / herself / itself |
第一人称复数 | ourselves |
第二人称复数 | yourselves |
第三人称复数 | themselves |
2. 什么时候用反身代词?
主语和宾语是同一个人时,宾语用反身代词。
He hurt himself.(他伤了自己,主语和宾语都是他)
She teaches herself English.(她自学英语)
I made the cake myself.(我自己做的蛋糕)
对比:
Tom hurt him.(Tom 伤了另一个人)
Tom hurt himself.(Tom 伤了自己)
3. 常见固定搭配
byoneself:独自
He finished the work by himself. 他独自完成了工作。
enjoy oneself:玩得开心
Did you enjoy yourself at the party? 你在聚会上玩得开心吗?
help oneself to:随便吃
Help yourself to some fish. 随便吃点鱼。
teach oneself:自学
She taught herself English. 她自学英语。
📝 反身代词顺口溜
主语宾语同一人,反身代词来帮忙;
myself, yourself, himself,
herself, itself, ourselves,
yourselves, themselves,
cyoneself 是独自,enjoy oneself 玩开心。
五、指示代词:this, that, these, those
单数复数用法
thisthese指近处
thatthose指远处
例子:
This is my book.(这个,近处)
These are my books.(这些,近处)
That is your pen.(那个,远处)
Those are your pens.(那些,远处)
注意:
this/that 后面用 is
these/those 后面用 are
📝 指示代词顺口溜
this 这个近处指,these 这些复数用;
that 那个远处指,those 那些复数用;
this that 配 is,these those 配 are。
六、易错点(8个)
主格宾格混用
❌ Me am a student. → ✅ I am a student.
❌ I like he. → ✅ I like him.
形容词性和名词性混用
❌ This is my. → ✅ This is mine.
❌ This book is my. → ✅ This book is mine.
his 和 her 混用
❌ This is my sister. His name is Lily.
✅ This is my sister. Her name is Lily.
(sister 是女性,用 her,不用 his)
反身代词用错人称
❌ He hurt herself. → ✅ He hurt himself.
this/these 和 is/are 搭配错
❌ These is my books. → ✅ These are my books.
its 和 it’s 混用
❌ The dog wagged it‘s tail. → ✅ The dog wagged its tail.
(its 是物主代词,it’s = it is)
介词后面用主格
❌ Give it to I. → ✅ Give it to me.
反身代词和宾格混用
❌ I hurt me. → ✅ I hurt myself.
❌ He looked at him in the mirror. → ✅ He looked at himself in the mirror.
(主语和宾语是同一个人,必须用反身代词)
七、代词总顺口溜(建议截图保存)
主格做主语,宾格做宾语;
形容词性后面加名词,名词性后面不加;
主语宾语同一人,反身代词来帮忙;
this these 近处指,that those 远处指;
代词用法记心间,做题不会再搞乱。
八、家长陪学三句话(再强调一遍)
“这个代词在动词前面还是后面?”
“后面有没有名词?有名词用形容词性,没名词用名词性。”
“主语和宾语是不是同一个人?是就用反身代词。”
孩子能说清楚理由,比直接写对答案更重要。
初一英语代词专项练习20题(含答案与解析)
用所给代词的正确形式填空。
建议让孩子先独立完成,再对答案,最后看解析。题目为混编版,覆盖人称代词、物主代词、反身代词和指示代词。
一、练习题(20题)
1.This is ______ (I) book. Don’t touch it.
2.Please give the pen to ______ (she).
3.Tom and Jack are good friends. ______ (they) often play football together.
4.This is not my bag. ______ (I) is over there.
5.The little girl can dress ______ (she).
6.______ (we) teacher is very kind to us.
7.I can‘t find ______ (I) ruler. Can you help ______ (I)?
8.These books are ______ (they). Those are ______ (we).
9.Look at ______ (he). He is running so fast.
10.Did you enjoy ______ (you) at the party?
11.______ (this) are my new shoes.
12.My father is a doctor. ______ (he) works in a big hospital.
13.The cat is licking ______ (it) paws.
14.______ (you) pen is on the desk. Where is ______ (I)?
15.She hurt ______ (she) when she fell off the bike.
16.______ (that) are my parents over there.
17.Help ______ (you) to some fish, children.
18.I made this cake ______ (I).
19.The books on the desk are ______ (he), not ______ (she).
20.______ (we) should learn to look after ______ (we).
题号 | 答案 | 考点 |
1 | my | 形容词性物主代词,后面加名词book |
2 | her | 介词to 后面用宾格 |
3 | They | 主语用主格 |
4 | Mine | 名词性物主代词,后面没有名词 |
5 | herself | 主语the little girl 和宾语同一人,用反身代词 |
6 | Our | 形容词性物主代词,后面加名词teacher |
7 | my; me | 第一个后面有名词用my;第二个动词 help 后面用宾格 me |
8 | theirs; ours | 名词性物主代词,后面没有名词 |
9 | him | 介词at 后面用宾格 |
10 | yourself | 主语you 和宾语同一人,用反身代词 |
11 | These | 复数指示代词,配are |
12 | He | 主语用主格 |
13 | its | 物主代词,表示“它的” |
14 | Your; mine | 第一个后面有名词用Your;第二个后面没名词用 mine |
15 | herself | 主语she 和宾语同一人,用反身代词 |
16 | Those | 复数指示代词,配are |
17 | yourselves | 主语children 是复数,宾语同一人,用反身代词 |
18 | myself | 主语I 和宾语同一人,用反身代词 |
19 | his; hers | 名词性物主代词,后面没有名词 |
20 | We; ourselves | 第一个主语用主格;第二个主语和宾语同一人,用反身代词 |