2026年山东省中考英语（省考卷）语法填空解析+提升专练
【原题】阅读下面短文并填空，然后将答案写到答题卡的相应位置（如有提示词，则填入提示词的正确形式；如无提示词，则填入1个适当的单词）。
Fan Zhongyan (989–1052) was a statesman（政治家） and scholar (学者) of the Song Dynasty. When Fan Zhongyan was 22 years old, he ____1____ (give) a chance to study at the famous Yingtian Academy (书院). Fan Zhongyan was very poor and ate porridge for every meal. After four years of hard work, he passed the imperial examination ____2____ became a government official.
When he ____3____ (leave) Yingtian Academy in 1015, Fan Zhongyan didn’t expect that he would return years later as its principal (负责人). On his return, he made many positive ____4____ (change). Looking back on his own student days, he often used his own money ____5____ (support) poor students. He also offered a ____6____ (talent) scholar named Sun Fu a position in the academy so that Sun Fu could work and study at the same time. With money to raise his family, Sun Fu studied day and night, ____7____ (final) becoming a respected scholar.
In 1040, Fan Zhongyan became a vice governor. While working in what is today’s Henan Province in 1046, he made a ____8____ (decide) to improve education for the local people. Choosing a beautiful setting, he set up Huazhou Academy. There, Fan Zhongyan ____9____ (write) his most famous article, “On Yueyang Tower”.
Fan Zhongyan devoted (奉献) ___10____ (he) time and money to supporting people in their search for knowledge. He set an example for many scholars, who in turn, would be encouraged to follow him.
【答案】1. was given 2. and 3. left 4. changes 5. to support
6. talented 7. finally 8. decision 9. wrote 10. his
【导语】
1.背景人物：范仲淹（989年－1052年），字希文，北宋著名政治家、文学家。初中学生对他比较熟悉，图片中的名句“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”，出自范仲淹代表作《岳阳楼记》，学生对此非常熟悉。范仲淹幼年丧父，家境贫苦，刻苦读书，年少时就立下远大志向。做官后清正爱民，体恤百姓；曾镇守西北边疆，抵御西夏入侵，治军有方。他倡导改革，虽然新政最后失败，但“先忧后乐”的思想流传千古。
2.主要内容：本文主要讲述了范仲淹早年刻苦求学，为官后致力于改善教育、资助贫困学生并创办书院的事迹。
3.德育教育：对学生进行豁达胸襟与家国担当的熏陶教育。
【语法详解】
1.句意：当范仲淹22岁时，他获得了一个在著名的应天书院学习的机会。主语“He”与“give”之间为被动关系(被给予机会)，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，故填was given。
2.句意：经过四年的努力，他通过了科举考试并成为了一名政府官员。passed和became为并列谓语，用and连接，表示顺承关系。
3.句意：当他在1015年离开应天书院时，范仲淹没想到多年后他会作为书院负责人回来。“in 1015”是一般过去时的时间标志，用一般过去时，leave的过去式为left。
4.句意：在他回归后，他做了很多积极的改变。many后接可数名词复数，change做名词使用，复数为changes。
5.句意：回顾自己的学生时代，他经常用自己的钱来资助贫困学生。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”，使用动词不定式to support。
6.句意：他还给一位名叫孙复的有才华的学者在书院提供了一个职位，这样孙复就可以一边工作一边学习。修饰名词scholar，需用形容词（即形修名）；talent是名词，形容词为talented。
7.句意：有了养家的钱，孙复日夜苦读，最终成为了一位受人尊敬的学者。修饰动词becoming，需用副词（副修动）；final为形容词，副词为finally。
8.句意：1046年，他在今天的河南省任职时，决定改善当地人民的教育。make a decision为固定搭配，意为“做决定”，decide为动词，名词为decision。
9.句意：在那里，范仲淹写下了他最著名的文章《岳阳楼记》。描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，write的过去式为wrote。
10.句意：范仲淹奉献自己的时间和金钱来支持人们追求知识。空处需使用he的形容词性物主代词his，修饰后面的名词time（相当于形修名用法）。
【语法考点】
题号 | 考察语法 | 具体考点 | 备注 |
1 | 被动语态 | 一般过去时的被动语态 | give was given （主动变被动） |
2 | 连词 | and表顺承关系 | and |
3 | 动词时态 | 一般过去时 | leave left（原形变过去时） |
4 | 名词 | 可数名词复数 | change changes（单变复） |
5 | 固定句型 | use sth. to do sth. | support to support（动词不定式） |
6 | 形容词 | 形修名 | talent talented （名变形） |
7 | 副词 | 副修动 | final finally（形变副） |
8 | 固定搭配 | make a decision | decide decision（动变名） |
9 | 动词时态 | 一般过去时 | writewrote（原形变过去时） |
10 | 人称人称 | 形容词性物主代词 | he his （主格变形容词性物主代词） |
语法填空小结：
1.十大词类考查其中六类：名词、代词、形容词、副词、连词、动词。
2.动词时态：一般过去时（考查3次。）
3.常用的固定句型或搭配。
4.被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态。
【全篇译文】
范仲淹（989—1052），北宋政治家、学者。范仲淹 22 岁时，获得了在著名的应天府书院求学的机会。他家境贫寒，每餐只能喝粥。经过四年苦读，他考中科举，成为一名朝廷官员。
在1015 年，范仲淹离开应天府书院时，未曾想到多年之后自己会以书院负责人的身份重返这里。归来之后，他推行了多项有益的变革。回想自己求学时的经历，他常常拿出自己的钱财资助贫寒学子。他还聘请了一位名叫孙复的有才之士到书院任职，这样孙复就能一边工作，一边读书。有了养家的收入，孙复日夜苦读，最终成为一名受人敬重的学者。
1040 年，范仲淹出任副使。1046 年，在如今的河南地区任职期间，他决定改善当地的教育状况。他挑选了一处风景优美的地方，创办了华州书院。正是在这里，范仲淹写下了他最有名的文章 ——《岳阳楼记》。
范仲淹倾尽自己的时间与财力，支持人们求学问道。他为众多读书人树立了榜样，激励着后人追随他的脚步。
【提升专练】（共5篇）
（一）语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 把答案写在答题卡1~10小题的横线上。
My hometown is in the southern part of Zhejiang Province. I left my hometown to work in Singapore 15 years ago. It is said that great changes 1. ______ (take) place in the past ten years.
Last month I came back to my hometown with my family. It is the 2. ______ (one) time I have come back home since I left. 3. ______ my surprise, my hometown has changed a lot. The environment is getting more beautiful than 15 years ago. The streets are 4. ______ (wide) and cleaner. It is easier for us 5. ______ (travel) out. Trees and flowers are planted everywhere. In the past, people travelled by bike. 41. 6.______ now they go to work by bus or by car. It’s much faster. What’s more, they will build 7. ______ underground line next year. I am sure travelling will be better then.
When I got home, my parents were waiting 8. ______ (happy) for us. We enjoyed 9. ______ (we). At dinner, they told me a lot about the changes in my hometown. I can’t imagine what my hometown will be like in another ten 10. ______ (year) time.
1.2.3.4.5.
6.7.8.9.10.
参考答案：
（一）1.have taken2.first3.To4.wider5.to travel
6.But7.an8.happily9.ourselves10.years’
（二）语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 把答案写在答题卡1~10小题的横线上。
Watermelons1.（be）popular around the world. Chinese people 2.(grow) sweet watermelons for many years. When sitting in the room eating watermelons, we should remember our melon queen—Wu Mingzhu.
Wu Mingzhu was born in January 1930 in Wuhan. It was brave 3.her 4.(work) on melon fields. After 5.(finish) her university studies, she went to Xinjiang to begin
6.(she) research on melons. Sometimes she ate and slept in the desert.
She and her team7.(spend) three years travelling to melon lands there. They visited hundreds of farms. She kept8.（try）new ways and making great progress in melon planting.
Because of her hard work, Wu Mingzhu developed many different 9.(kind)of melons. Thanks 10.her, we can enjoy watermelons easily. We should remember her great spirit forever.
1.2.3.4.5.
6.7.8.9.10.
参考答案：
（二）1. are2.have grown3.of4.to work5.finishing
6.her7.spent8.trying9.kinds10.to
（三）语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 把答案写在答题卡1~10小题的横线上。（山东枣庄2025真题改编）
Zhang Hanliang is a martial arts (武术) teacher who comes from Tianshui Normal University in Gansu,China. She and her team have been making some 1.（tradition）Chinese martial arts videos these years and these videos 2.（be）popular online.
“Many Internet users at home and abroad enjoy 3.（we）online videos. I hope more people will be 4.（interest）in Chinese martial arts.” said Zhang.
Zhang 5.（practice）martial arts for over 20 years. Her love for martial arts comes from her family. Not only is her father a great kung fu teacher, but also her grandfather 6.（do）well in kung fu.
“I 7.（start）to practice martial arts at the age of seven. All the children in my family can learn martial arts at home from a young age,” said Zhang. 8.a few years of practice,she went to a sports school in Gansu 9.（learn） more about martial arts.
Now she is 10.great martial arts master in China. And she often goes to other countries to teach martial arts. “Martial arts can be a bridge for cultural exchanges between China and other countries. I hope more and more people from abroad can know and love martial arts.” said Zhang.
1.2.3.4.5.
6.7.8.9.10.
参考答案：
（三）1.traditional2.are3.our4.interested5.has practiced
6.does7.started8.After9.to learn10.a
（四）语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 把答案写在答题卡1~10小题的横线上。（山东枣庄滕州第二次调研考试改编）
Have you ever heard of Bao Zheng or Bao Qingtian? Today, I’m going to tell you a story about Bao, which is1.（popularity） among Chinese people.
A young boy made a living by2._______（sell）fried dough sticks (油条) in the market. One day he fell asleep on a 3.____（rock）_after he got 100 copper coins. When he woke up, he found 4.____（he） coins were gone. The boy cried because the money was 5.____（need）to pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother.
Bao happened to pass through the market. After knowing6.____ the situation, he ordered everyone in the market to put a coin into a basin (盆) filled with water. When a coin created an oil bloom (油花) in the water, Bao7.（catch） the man who dropped the coin and told everyone that he stole the boy’s coins. Bao explained, “The boy was the only one who sold oily products in the market8.____ the man’s coin was the only one that created an oil bloom in the basin.”
Many of the stories about Bao were made into some 9.____（movie） novels, operas and so on. Today Bao is still considered as one of the10.（great）officials in history and is loved by Chinese people.
1.2.3.4.5.
6.7.8.9.10.
参考答案：
（四）1. popular2. selling3rock4. his5. needed
6. about7. caught8. and9. movies10. greatest
（五）语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分) 把答案写在答题卡1~10小题的横线上。（山东枣庄薛城2025第三次调研考试改编）
November 9th is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you if a fire breaks out.
When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire!” as 1.（loud） as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119. Give them your location, and follow their instructions. Do not try to put out the fire 2.（you）.
Get out of the room as soon as possible. Don’t try to take anything 3. you. A fire can become fierce (凶猛的) in a few seconds. If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body 4.(close) to the floor. There is less smoke lower down, so it’s easier to breathe and see where you are going. If the door handle (把手) is hot, do not open the door. Try to find a different way to go out.
Never use the lift during a fire. Always use the stairs (楼梯). The lift may 5.（stop）working, and you will get trapped (被困) inside it.
If you can’t get out of your room, close the door and put a blanket (毯子) 7.the foot of door to stop smoke from8.（come） in. Open the window and shout or wave something like a flashlight or clothes from the window. Close the window beforesmoke enters. Don’t hide under the bed or anywhere else. Stay by the window, close to the floor.
If your clothes catch fire, don’t run, because moving around will make the fire much9.（big）. Drop to the ground, and then roll from side to side to put out the fire.
Finally, remember to stay calm no matter 10.happens. This will help you to make smart decisions in an emergency.
1.2.3.4.5.
6.7.8.9.10.
参考答案：
（五）1. loudly2. yourself3. with4. close5. so
6. stop7. at 8. coming 9. bigger 10. what
温馨小提示：
在2026年山东省中考英语（省考卷）语法填空题型中，考查了六大词类，但连词、介词、冠词这些虚词以及数词（基数词和序数词）平时也得练练，别留死角。【腾讯文档】2026年山东省中考英语（省考卷）语法填空解析+提升专练5篇免费下载链接： https://docs.qq.com/doc/DTnV6YUFXVllmR3RD
