一。总体分析
本文摘自The Economist 《经济学人》2011年3月17日一篇题为Enemies of Progress -The Biggest Barrier to Public -sector Reform Are the Unions (进步之敌——公共部门改革的最大障碍是工会)的文章。这是一篇现象分析型文章，重点阐述了当今现象“英美等国公共部门工会势力过于强大”的影响“使得公共部门改革障碍重重”，论证过程中作者大量使用对比、引证以及例证等手法，逐步将论证推向高潮。
If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servants When Hoffa's Teamsters were in their prime in 1960,only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. 3 In 2009 the number of unionists in America's public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. 4In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.
倘若工会主义者吉米·霍法如今在世，他很可能代表着公务员。霍法领导的卡车司机工会1960年全盛之时，仅有10%的美国政府工作人员参加工会；如今这一比例为36%。2009年美国公共部门中的工会会员人数已经超过私营部门中的工会会员人数。在英国，超过一半的公共部门雇员加入了工会，而私营部门中仅约为15%。
词汇注释与难句分析
①represent [reprl 'zent] v.为……代言，维护……的利益
②prime [pram] n.全盛时期
③unionized [ju:njonaizd ] a.加入到工会的
经典搭配
①civil servants (公务员)
②be in one's prime (正值鼎盛时期)
③public sector (公共部门)
④private sector (私有部门)
There are three reasons for the public-sector unions' thriving. 2First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. 3 Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. 4A quarter of America's public-sector workers have a university degree. 5 Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. 6 Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain's Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. 8 Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public- sector unions.
公共部门工会的持续壮大有三个原因。首先，他们可以举行罢工而无需承担太多后果。其次，他们大多头脑灵活且受过良好教育。四分之一的美国公共部门雇员具有大学学历。第三，他们目前主导着中左政治。两者之间的一些关联可回溯到很久以前。英国工党，顾名思义，与工会主义渊源久远。工党现任领袖埃德·米利班德能够荣登宝座，公共部门工会的选票功不可没。
At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome, 2 Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state's budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers' unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care .
从州级层面来看，公共部门工会的影响力甚至更为可怕。加利福尼亚公共政策研究所的马克·巴尔达萨雷指出，加州政府多数预算
词汇注释与难句分析
①fearsome [' fiosam ]a.可怕的，害怕的
②budget ['bad3it]n.预算
③patrol [po'traul ]v.巡查，巡逻
①at the ...level (在……层面/范围)
②state 's budget (州政府预算)
③keep an eye on (密切留意)
In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. 2 But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. 3 Politicians have repeatedly " backloaded 7public-sector pay deals keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.
许多富裕国家公共部门的平均薪资高于私营部门。但是实际收益源自福利和工作制度。政治家们一直在反复“变相提高”公共部门的薪酬：使工资保持低涨幅，却增加原本就已丰厚的节假日，特别是养老金。
·词汇注释与难句分析
①backload [' baekloud ]v.回程装载
⑤augment [a:g'ment]v.增加，增大（第38题）
②modest [' modist ]a.些许的，不太大（或太贵等）
经典搭配
③generous ['d3enoros ]a.大量的，丰富的
①work practices (工作惯例、体制)
④secure [si'kju]v.(尤指经过努力)获得（第38题）
②pay deals (工资协定)
Reform has been vigorously opposed perhaps可能 most notoriously in education, where charter schools, academiesand merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. 2 Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers'unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.
改革一直遭到强烈反对，最出名的或许是教育部门，其中特许学校、专科院校以及教师绩效工资（制度）都面临旷日持久的战斗。尽管众多证据表明，教师素质是（影响教育水平的)最重要可变因素，但教师工会还是一直抗议对教师行业进行优胜劣汰。
词汇注释与难句分析
①oppose [a'pauz ]v.反对，反抗
adj.
反对的；对立的
She is strongly opposed to the new policy.她强烈反对这项新政策。
v.
反对；反抗
They opposed the plan.他们反对这个计划。
②notoriously [nou'toriasli ]ad.出名地
③academy [a'kaedamI ]n.私立中学，学院，学会
④variable [' veoriabol ]n.可变的事物，可变的量
经典搭配
①charter schools (特许学校)
②merit pay (绩效工资)
③get rid of (摆脱)
As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. 2 In wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. 3 But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too
随着（公共部门之外）其他所有的人付出的代价都日益明显，政治家们已开始采取强压政策。在威斯康辛州，各大工会召集成千上万支持者反对强硬的共和党州长斯科特·沃克。但在现行制度下，许多公共部门雇员也深受其害。
词汇注释与难句分析
①hardline [hadilain ]a.强硬的，不妥协的
经典搭配
①clamp down (镇压)
②rally against (召集人群以反对……)
John Donahue at Harvard's Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $ 250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the president of the United States. 3 Bankers' fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America. [ 435 words]
哈佛大学肯尼迪学院的约翰·唐纳修指出，西方公务员文化标准适合那些寻求安稳的人，却不利于那些追求事业高成者。美国公共部门雇员中，只有大学体育教练和总统的年收入远超25万美元。银行家的丰厚收入一直饱受指摘，但是不奖励事业高成者的公共部门体制或许才是美国面临的更大问题。
37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?
37.下列关于第二段的表述哪一项正确？
[ A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.
[A]公共部门工会行动谨慎。
[ B] Education is required for public-sector union membership
[B]公共部门工会会员有教育要求。
LC] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions
[C]工党一直在同工会进行长期斗争。
[ D] Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions
[D]公共部门工会极少因其行动陷入麻烦。
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