本选编供九年级学生中考英语阅读复习使用，也可作为英语教师的课堂阅读训练素材。全册共4篇时文阅读，主题覆盖环保新科技、新材料、航空航天、新领域探索四大前沿领域，文章依据2024—2026年国内外权威媒体的公开报道与科学研究进展改编而成。

每篇约280词，词汇量与句式难度参照我国沿海地区中考英语阅读理解C、D篇设置；每篇设4道单项选择题，覆盖细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意（标题选择）等中考高频题型。

每篇依次包含四个部分：阅读理解（文章与题目）、参考答案与解析（依据原文定位句逐题讲解）、长难句赏析（每篇4个复合句，从语法与写作风格两个角度赏析）、高难词与障碍词拓展（每篇18个，供词汇积累）。

建议每篇限时8—10分钟独立完成；答题后先对照答案解析，找出原文定位句并理解错误选项的排除理由；再研读长难句赏析，积累复合句分析经验；最后借助词汇表巩固生词，可反复回读文章加深记忆。

Passage 1:Plastic-Eating Enzymes——吃塑料的酶（环保新科技）

Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in landfills and oceans. PET plastic, which is used to make water bottles and food packaging, is one of the biggest problems. It takes hundreds of years to break down naturally, and only a small part of it is recycled. Most of it is simply buried or burned, which does great harm to the environment.

However, scientists may have found an unlikely hero: an enzyme. In 2016, a team of Japanese researchers discovered a bacterium at a bottle recycling plant. To their surprise, the bacterium could "eat" PET plastic. It works by producing a special enzyme called PETase, which cuts the long plastic chains into small pieces that the bacterium can digest.

Since then, scientists around the world have been trying to make this natural enzyme faster and stronger. In 2022, researchers in the United States used artificial intelligence to redesign the enzyme, creating a new version called FAST-PETase. This improved enzyme can break down a plastic bottle in as little as 48 hours, while natural enzymes would need weeks or even months.

The dream is to create a truly circular recycling system. Instead of throwing bottles away, we could break them down into their basic chemical building blocks, called monomers, and then use those monomers to make brand-new plastic bottles. In this way, plastic would never really need to be thrown away. Some companies have already begun to test this technology on an industrial scale.

Of course, there are still challenges. Turning a laboratory discovery into a technology that works cheaply for the whole world takes time and money. But if scientists succeed, the same enzyme that once seemed impossible could help us solve one of the most pressing environmental problems of our time.

1. What happened in 2016 according to the passage?

A. Scientists created FAST-PETase with the help of artificial intelligence.

B. Japanese researchers discovered a bacterium that could "eat" PET plastic.

C. A factory began to recycle PET bottles in a new way.

D. The first plastic-eating enzyme was used on an industrial scale.

2. The underlined word "pressing" in the last paragraph probably means "______".

A. 紧急的B. 轻松的C. 普通的D. 复杂的

3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Natural enzymes can break down a plastic bottle within 48 hours.

B. PET plastic breaks down quickly in nature.

C. The improved enzyme can help turn plastic into monomers to make new plastic.

D. The new technology has been widely used all over the world.

4. What is the best title for the passage?

A. The Danger of Plastic Pollution

B. A New Hope: Plastic-Eating Enzymes

C. How to Recycle Water Bottles

D. The Long History of PET Plastic

【参考答案与解析】

1. B。本题考查细节理解。由第二段“In 2016, a team of Japanese researchers discovered a bacterium at a bottle recycling plant. To their surprise, the bacterium could “eat” PET plastic.”可知，2016年日本研究人员在瓶装回收厂发现了一种能“吃”PET塑料的细菌，故选B。A项“借助人工智能创造FAST-PETase”发生在2022年，时间不符；C、D两项文中均未提及。

2. A。本题考查词义猜测。最后一段“help us solve one of the most pressing environmental problems of our time”意为“帮助我们解决我们这个时代最……的环境问题之一”，结合上文塑料“需要数百年才能自然分解”“对环境造成巨大危害”可知，pressing在此意为“紧迫的、迫切的”，故选A。B“轻松的”、C“普通的”、D“复杂的”均不符合语境。

3. C。本题考查细节理解与判断。由第四段“we could break them down into their basic chemical building blocks, called monomers, and then use those monomers to make brand-new plastic bottles”可知，改进后的酶能把塑料分解成单体，再利用单体制造新塑料，故选C。A项错误，能在48小时内分解塑料瓶的是改良酶FAST-PETase，天然酶“需要数周甚至数月”；B项错误，第一段说PET“需要数百年才能自然分解”；D项错误，第四段只说“一些公司已经开始在工业规模上测试”，最后一段也指出“仍有挑战”，并非“已在全球广泛应用”。

4. B。本题考查主旨大意（标题）。全文围绕“能分解塑料的酶”展开：先提出塑料污染问题，再介绍能“吃”塑料的细菌及酶（PETase）的发现，接着讲述用人工智能改良酶（FAST-PETase）的进展与循环利用的前景，最后指出挑战与希望，故选B。A项只涉及问题本身，未涵盖解决方案；C项“如何回收水瓶”范围过窄；D项“PET塑料的漫长历史”并非文章重点。

【部分长难句赏析】

1. “PET plastic, which is used to make water bottles and food packaging, is one of the biggest problems.”

主干为“PET plastic is one of the biggest problems”，中间由which引导非限制性定语从句（which is used to make water bottles and food packaging），对PET plastic的用途作补充说明，属于典型的“主语＋插入式定语从句＋谓语”结构。作者借定语从句在句内顺带交代背景信息，使读者在接触“PET塑料”这一专业名词的瞬间就理解它的普遍用途，为下文“被掩埋”“被焚烧”等危害描述作铺垫；信息高度浓缩，行文紧凑，是科普类时文常见的开篇手法。

2. “In 2022, researchers in the United States used artificial intelligence to redesign the enzyme, creating a new version called FAST-PETase.”

主干为“researchers used artificial intelligence to redesign the enzyme”，句首In 2022为时间状语；句末“creating a new version called FAST-PETase”为现在分词短语作结果状语，表示“重新设计”带来的自然结果，其中“called FAST-PETase”为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰version。按“时间—施动者—行为—结果”的顺序完整呈现事件链条，逻辑清晰；用分词结构压缩信息，突出“人工智能改良酶”这一核心突破，符合新闻报道客观、高效的表达习惯。

3. “Instead of throwing bottles away, we could break them down into their basic chemical building blocks, called monomers, and then use those monomers to make brand-new plastic bottles.”

句首“Instead of throwing bottles away”为介词短语作状语，表对比；主干为并列结构“we could break them down ... and then use those monomers ...”，其中过去分词短语“called monomers”作后置定语解释building blocks；句末不定式短语“to make brand-new plastic bottles”作目的状语。作者用“Instead of（而不是）”把“扔掉瓶子”与“循环利用”两种做法形成鲜明对比；同位式的补充说明（called monomers）既给出专业术语又即时解释，降低理解门槛；“brand-new”一词生动传达“旧塑料变新塑料”的循环理念，语言形象而富有号召力。

4. “But if scientists succeed, the same enzyme that once seemed impossible could help us solve one of the most pressing environmental problems of our time.”

该句为含条件状语从句的复合句：if引导条件从句“if scientists succeed”；主句主语“the same enzyme”后接that引导的限制性定语从句“that once seemed impossible”；谓语“could help us solve ...”，情态动词could表可能性；句末of our time作定语修饰problems。“the same enzyme that once seemed impossible”将“曾经不可能”与“如今有望解决大问题”形成强烈反差，呼应标题“吃塑料的酶”；条件句加情态动词could使语气审慎乐观，既展现希望又不夸大成果，符合科普文章严谨负责的写作立场。

【相关词汇拓展】

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