It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%.
【生词】by varying estimates根据不同的估计
【翻译】确实，企业首席执行官的薪酬水平有所提高——顶尖高管的平均薪酬可能是普通员工的 300 倍；而自 20 世纪 70 年代中期以来，根据不同估算，美国大型上市公司首席执行官的薪酬涨幅约为 500%。
The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about $18.9 million a year.
【翻译】美国顶尖企业的典型首席执行官年收入约为1890 万美元。
The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.
【翻译】理解CEO薪酬增长的最佳模型，是将CEO人才资源有限这一因素，置于企业级商业机遇正迅速增长的背景下来考量。
The efforts of America’s highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.
【生词】dynamic adj.精力充沛的, 活跃的, 动力的, 动态的; n.动力, 相互作用, 驱动力, 力学, 力度
【翻译】美国收入最高的1%人群所做出的努力，已成为全球经济中最具活力的驱动力之一。
It’s not popular to say. But one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.
【翻译】这听起来可能不太寻常，但CEO薪资大幅上涨的一个原因在于，相较于美国经济中的许多其他劳动者，他们确实提升了自身的工作表现。
Today’s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to “run the company.”
【翻译】对于美国大型企业而言，当今的首席执行官所具备的技能远不止于“经营公司”这一项。
CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them.
【翻译】首席执行官必须对金融市场有良好的理解，甚至应懂得公司应在这些市场中如何进行交易。
They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant.
【生词】slipup n.错误，失败，不幸
【翻译】他们还需要比前辈更出色的公共关系能力，因为即便是微小的失误也可能带来巨大的代价。
Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.
【翻译】此外，美国大型企业比以往任何时候都更加全球化，其供应链遍布更多个国家。
To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling. Plus, virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another.
【生词】mind-boggling 令人费解的，深奥的
one way or another 不管怎样，以某种方式
【翻译】要在该体系中取得领先地位，需要掌握相当深奥的知识。此外，几乎所有美国大型企业都在以某种方式转型为科技公司。
Beyond this, major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.
【翻译】除此之外，各公司首席执行官仍需承担他们一直以来所负责的所有日常管理工作。
The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn’t explain history very well.
【生词】rip v.撕开，剥削
【翻译】认为CEO高薪酬主要是为了剥削员工这一普遍观点，难以很好地解释历史现象。
By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s.
【生词】governance n.统治, 管理, 支配, 统治方式
rigorous adj.严密的, 缜密的, 严格的, 枯燥的
【翻译】从大多数衡量标准来看，自20 世纪 70 年代以来，公司治理已变得更加严格和规范。
Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.
【翻译】然而，正是在这一治理水平较高的时期，首席执行官的薪酬一直较高且持续上涨。
That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.
【翻译】这表明，为日益严峻的岗位招募顶尖人才符合企业的整体利益。
Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.
【生词】cozy adj.（感到）温暖舒适的, 愉快的，亲切的, 熟悉的;
depredation n.劫掠，毁坏
【翻译】此外，最高水平的CEO薪酬通常支付给外部候选人，而非公司内部备受青睐的人选；这一现象再次表明，CEO的高薪酬并非以牺牲公司其他员工的利益为代价的剥削行为。
And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.
【翻译】当企业将首席执行官的薪酬与（例如）股价挂钩时，股市会作出积极反应；这表明此类做法不仅有助于提升首席执行官自身的企业价值，更能整体提升企业价值。
完成一下题目吧~
