这次我们将高中（高考）核心考查的宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句三类分别进行详细讲解，并在检测阶段混合练习，提高大家识别能力。
一、宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的定义：
我们先来看几个句子：
① I think thathe is right.
② He said thathe had watched the English short video about environmental protection and learned a lot of new words.
③ We talk about whetherhe will come.
④ I wonderif/whether our school will hold an English speech contest about the development of science and technology next term.
⑤ I’m surethatyou can win.
⑥ Can you tell me how we can use the Internet properly to improve our English reading ability?
我们看到这几个句子的共同特点是，句子里面还包含一个“完整”的句子，这个“完整”的句子，在整个句子里做【宾语】的成分，故此类句式我们称之为：宾语从句。
2. 宾语从句的连接词：
that（部分场景可省），if / whether，what/who/where/when/how/why 等，具体使用场景如下：
从句类型 | 引导词 | 用法与例句 |
陈述句 | that（可省） | He said (that) he was late. |
一般疑问句（是否） | if / whether | I wonder if/whether he will come. |
特殊疑问句 | what/who/where/when/how/why等 | Can you tell me where he lives? |
只用whether不用if的场景： ① 介词后：例如I worry about whether my younger brother can control his time on playing online games and focus on his English study.（about是介词，后面只能用whether） ② 不定式to do：例如：He can’t decide whether to take part in the English corner or prepare for the upcoming mid-term exam this weekend. ③ 与 or not 连用：I don’t know whether we should choose online courses or offline classes to improve our spoken English or not. |
3. 宾语从句的形式：
①动词后的宾语从句：
I wonderif/whether he will come.
我想知道他会不会来。
She askedwhether I was free.
她问我是否有空。
Please explain why you are late.
请解释你为什么迟到。
He asked how I solved the problem.
他问我是怎么解决这个问题的。
②介词后的宾语从句：
介词（in /on/at /about/for /to/with /of 等）后面也可以接从句作宾语，这就是介词宾语从句，常见的介词宾语形式有：
worry about + 从句
think about + 从句
depend on + 从句
be interested in + 从句
be surprised at + 从句
agree on + 从句
hear of + 从句
It depends onwhether he agrees.
这取决于他是否同意。
She is interested in whether the plan works.
她对这个计划是否可行感兴趣。
He talked of how hard life was.
他谈到生活有多艰难。
We are worried about where he has gone.
我们担心他去了哪里。
She cares for who will take care of her.
她在乎谁会照顾她。
I am surprised at how quickly he learned English.
我惊讶于他学英语这么快。
③形容词后的宾语从句：
有些形容词后面可以直接跟一个从句，用来补充说明情绪、态度、确定程度等，这类从句也属于宾语从句，常见结构：主语+ be + 形容词 + (that) 从句。
She is confident(that) she can pass the exam.
她有信心能通过考试。
He is disappointed(that) he failed.
他很失望自己没及格。
She is surprised (that) you remember her.
她很惊讶你还记得她。
It is clear (that) he is lying.
很明显他在撒谎。
It is obvious(that) she likes you.
很显然她喜欢你。
宾语从句的三种形式的对比：
类型 | 结构特点 | 常用引导词 | 核心例句 | 重要考点 |
动词后宾语从句 | 主语+ 及物动词 + 从句 | that / if / whether / 疑问词(what/who/where等) | He says (that) he is busy. I know (that) you are telling the truth. They find (that) the problem is difficult. | 时态呼应 陈述语序 |
介词后宾语从句 | 主语+ 动词 + 介词 + 从句 | that(极少) / whether / 疑问词 | I worry about whether you are safe. It depends on whether he agrees. She is interested in whether the plan works. I worry about whether you are safe. | 介词后不用if，只用whether |
形容词后宾语从句 | 主语+ be + 形容词 + 从句 | that / whether / 疑问词 | I am glad (that) you can help me. We are sorry (that) you are ill. He is disappointed (that) he failed. She is surprised (that) you remember her. | 多表情绪、态度、确定与否 |
4. 宾语从句的时态：
①主句现在/ 将来
→ 从句任意时态
例句1：She says he will come / he has come / he came.
例句2：She says she will take part in the English exchange program next year / she has finished reading the English novel about space travel / she visited the English cultural center last month.
②主句过去
→ 从句用过去时态（一般过去、过去进行、过去将来、过去完成）
例句1：He said he was ill / he would go / he had finished.
例句2：He said he was preparing for the English listening test / he would ask his teacher for help with grammar problems / he had finished writing the English composition about low-carbon life.
③客观真理/ 规律
→ 永远一般现在时（不受主句影响）
例句1：The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.
5. 宾语从句的语序：
需陈述句语序：连接词+ 主语 + 谓语
例句：
错：Could you tell me howcan we use AI tools to practice English listening?
对：Could you tell me how we canuse AI tools to practice English listening?
6. 宾语从句的否定转移：
否定可前移：
主语是I / We + think /believe/suppose /expect 句型，英语习惯把否定词not 移到主句动词上，从句变成肯定。例如：
I don’t think AI can completely replace teachers.
我认为人工智能不能完全取代老师。
I don’t believe he will spend too much time on short videos.
我相信他不会花太多时间刷短视频。
We don’t suppose everyone should follow online trends blindly.
我们觉得不应该人人都盲目跟风网络潮流。
I don’t expect teenagers will give up their hobbies easily.
我预料青少年不会轻易放弃自己的爱好。
否定不迁移的部分场景：
① know, hope, say, tell, guess, hear, feel, find 等动词后，不转移，例如：I know he isn’t good at English.我知道他不擅长英语；I hope you won’t be late。我希望你别迟到。
②有强调词（really, truly, certainly, just, even 等），不转移，例如： I really think you are not ready.我真的觉得你还没准备好。
7. 宾语从句的省略规则:
that可省略：
引导词that：当主句谓语是 think, say, know, believe 等，且从句是陈述句，that可省略that不省略的部分场景：
① 并列多个宾语从句时，第一个that可省，后续that不能省）。
例句：She said (that) she liked English songs and that she often listened to them in her free time.（第二个that不可省）
② that 从句作 介词宾语 时，例如：I know nothing about him except that he is a student.
③ 从句在句首（强调）不省略，例如：That he is right is known to all.
④ it做形式宾语：verb + it + 宾补 + that 从句，that不省略：例如：I think it necessary that we should protect the environment.
⑤ 被动结构不能省，例如：It is believed that health is more important than wealth.
二、练习题
第一大题：单项选择（12 题）
1.I don’t think he can work out the problem, ______?
A. do I B. don’t I C. can he D. can’t he
2.I really hope ______ late for the online class.
A. you not to be B. you won’t be
C. don’t you be D. not you be
3.Could you tell me ______ the meeting will be put off?
A. if will B. when will
C. if it will D. when it will
4.She said that light ______ much faster than sound.
A. travelled B. travels
C. will travel D. is travelling
5.I wonder ______ he has told the truth or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
6.We think it important ______ everyone should follow the rules.
A. if B. what C. that D. whether
7.He told us ______ he had seen and ______ he had done.
A. what; what B. that; that
C. what; that D. that; what
8.I don’t suppose he was late, ______?
A. do I B. don’t I C. was he D. wasn’t he
9.The teacher asked ______ for school.
A. why was he late B. why he was late
C. why is he late D. why he is late
10.I believe ______ nothing is impossible if you try your best.
A. that B. what C. if D. whether
11.She didn’t tell me ______ she would come or not.
A. if B. whether C. that D. when
第二大题：句型转换（4 题）
1.He doesn’t know how he can improve his writing.（简单句）
He doesn’t know ______ ______ ______ his writing.
2.I think he is right.（否定句）
I ______ ______ he ______ right.
3.She says, “I am learning AI tools.”（宾语从句）
She says that ______ ______ ______ AI tools.
4.He wants to know. Will they join us?（合并）
He wants to know ______ ______ ______ join us.
第三大题：用that /if/whether 填空（4 题）
1.I’m not sure ______ he can pass the driving test.
2.We all believe ______ hard work brings good luck.
3.He asked ______ I had finished my homework.
4.I don’t know ______ to stay at home or go out.
三、答案+ 易错解析
第一大题：选择题答案解析
1.C 否定转移，反意疑问看从句，否定前移→疑问用肯定
2.B hope 不转移，结构：hope (that) sb won’t…
3.D 陈述语序，问时间用 when
4.B 客观真理永远一般现在时
5.B 有 or not → 只用 whether
6.C 形式宾语 it 结构：think it + adj + that 从句
7.A 两个从句都缺宾语，用 what
8.C 否定转移 + 过去时，反意疑问：was he
9.B 主句过去，从句用过去，陈述语序
10.A 从句完整，用 that；nothing 不影响
11.B 有 or not → whether
第二大题：句型转换答案解析
1.He doesn’t know how to improve his writing.
2.I don’t think he is right.
3.She says that she is learning AI tools.
4.He wants to know if / whether they will join us.
第三答题：用that /if/whether 填空答案解析
1.I’m not sure ______ he can pass the driving test.
答案：if / whether
解析：
句子表示“不确定他是否能通过驾照考试”，表达 **“是否”** 含义；
句中没有or not，也没有不定式 to do，所以 if 和 whether 都可以。
2.We all believe ______ hard work brings good luck.
答案：that
解析：
从句hard work brings good luck 是完整陈述句，不缺主语、宾语等成分；
引导陈述句宾语从句用that，此处 that 可以省略，但填空写 that 最规范。
3.He asked ______ I had finished my homework.
答案：if / whether
解析：
动词ask 后接表示 “是否” 的宾语从句，意为 “他问我是否写完作业”；
无or not、无 to do 结构，if 和 whether 通用。
4.I don’t know ______ to stay at home or go out.
答案：whether
解析：
空格后直接是to do 不定式结构（to stay…）；
中考固定规则：疑问词后接不定式，表“是否” 只能用 whether，不能用 if。
