1.(2021新高考I卷阅读C篇) People have always been dreaming of going to the moon. As the years went by, the goal of visiting the moon has been achieved. But scientists are still trying to find out more about it.
主干：People have been dreaming; the goal has been achieved; scientists are trying
拆解：
① have been dreaming 现在完成进行时；dream of doing 梦想做某事
② As the years went by 时间状语从句，as 随着
③ of visiting the moon 介词短语作后置定语修饰goal；has been achieved现在完成时被动
④ try to do努力做；find out 查明、弄清
翻译：人类一直梦想登月。随着岁月流逝，探访月球的目标已然实现，但科学家仍在努力探索更多月球奥秘。
2.(2021新高考I卷阅读C篇) A team of scientists at the University of California found that the moon has many more craters than we thought.
主干：A team found that…
拆解：
① of scientists / at the University of California 两层后置定语修饰a team
② that引导宾语从句，作found宾语
③ more craters than we thought 比较状语从句，than后省略 (that) we thought (there were)
翻译：加州大学的一组科学家发现，月球上的陨石坑数量远比我们预想的要多。
3.(2021新高考I卷阅读D篇) In the past few decades, there has been a rise in the number of people taking a gap year between high school and university.
主干：there has been a rise（there be句型）
拆解：
① In the past few decades 时间状语，常搭配现在完成时
② in the number of people 介词短语后置修饰rise
③ taking a gap year 现在分词作后置定语，修饰people，表主动
④ between high school and university 介词短语作地点状语
翻译：在过去的几十年里，越来越多的人会在高中和大学之间选择间隔年。
4.(2021新高考I卷阅读D篇) Those who take a gap year often gain valuable experience which helps them perform better in college.
主干：Those gain valuable experience
拆解：
① who take a gap year 定语从句，修饰先行词those（人）
② which helps…定语从句，修饰先行词experience（物）
③ help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事；perform better 表现更好
翻译：选择间隔年的学生往往能收获宝贵的经验，这有助于他们在大学中表现得更加出色。
5.(2021新高考I卷完形填空) Although I loved my job at the hospital, I did not love the early morning calls.
主干：I did not love the early morning calls
拆解：
①Although引导让步状语从句，“虽然”，不能和but连用
②at the hospital后置定语修饰job
翻译：虽然我很喜欢在医院的工作，但我十分反感凌晨的紧急出诊电话。
