2017-2026年高考英语真题分类汇编 谓语动词和非谓语动词

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一．谓语动词--动词时态，语态及主谓一致

1.（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）As transportation and communication 59._____________ (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities. 

2.（2026·全国二卷·高考真题）In tai chi,the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force.Now,I

60. (suppose)to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian.

3.（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）“The players’ personalities 60.               (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 61.____ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”

4.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题） Over time, I’ve found myselffeeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes

61.         (be) one of them. 

5.（2024·全国一卷·高考真题）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse60.(walk) visitors through ajourney influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species cameto Britain forthe first time. These plants included modern Western favouritessuch as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guidesvisitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant speciesfor visitors to see, too.

6.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common themes in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___58___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some waystoRomeo and Juliet.”

7.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 4017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 61___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 

8.（2023·全国二卷·高考真题）So, what are they learning? Basically, how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop andto see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I _65____ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.

9.（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58.（be） previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority toincreaseeffectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 

10.（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60.      （design） to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity（完整性）of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets（资产）for future generations". 

11.（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Henry 62.（fix）his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 63.（throw）his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 

12.（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 61.（be）for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest youraching legs. 

13.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 63. (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A companyrepresentative wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.

14.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) — the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess — 

61. (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.

15.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 to find and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂ Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it 67. (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. (construct).＂ 

16.（2020·全国二卷·高考真题）Chinese New Year is a celebrationmarking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers 62. (carry) special significance. They represent the earthcoming back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

17.（2020·全国三卷·高考真题）Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left. When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and   66   (point) down the river. 

18.（2019·全国一卷·高考真题）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65. (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to abelief that populations are increasing. 

19.（2019·全国一卷·高考真题）Ofthenineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six   70. (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

20.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene 64.    （declare） she had no plans to retirefrom her 36-year-old business.

21.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题）Irene said, "I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I66.     （make）over the years.

22.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masterswho had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65.（recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. 

23.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题） On the last day of our week-long stay，we 69.（invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

24.（2018·全国一卷·高考真题）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it64.

(be) more effective at lengthening lifethan walking, cycling or swimming.

25.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题）Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country  61.（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62.      past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

26.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68.          (start) a soil-testing program thatgives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 

27.（2018·全国三卷·高考真题）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69.     (mean)me no real harm. 

28.（2017·全国一卷·高考真题）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are requiredto process the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt   64  (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.

29.（2017·全国一卷·高考真题）As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even worse,  the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food  67 (be) full of fat and salt; byeating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

30.（2017·全国二卷·高考真题）Steam engines 65.               (use) to pull the carriages and it must have beenfairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were usingit every day.

31.（2017·全国二卷·高考真题）Later, engineers 68.               (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels（隧道）, which became known to the tube. 

32.（2017·全国三卷·高考真题）Sarah 63.(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to provethat she has brains as well as beauty. 

33.（2017·全国三卷·高考真题）Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69.________ (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is certainly fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.”

【答案】

1.were2.am supposed 3.are revealed，tries4.is  5.walks6.were  7.was built  8.wished 9.were 

10.is designed 11.was fixing ，threw12.was 13.was  14.touched 15.means，is constructed

16.carries 17.pointed18.have reported   19.are 20.declared 21. have made 22.recommended 

23.were invited 24.is 25.has grown 26.started27.meant28.are removed 29.is  30.were used 

31.managed 32.has been told /was told33.comes

【详解】

1.were考查谓语动词。空白处在从句中作谓语，主语为transportationandcommunication，指两种事物，为复数;at that time表明本句描述的是过去的情况，需用一般过去时，故填were。

2.am supposed 考查谓语动词。be supposed to do sth是定搭配，意为“应该做某事”。根据空白处前的Now可知，应用一般现在时，主语是I，故填 am supposed.

3.第一空是are revealed考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空白处前是主语，空白处作谓语。本段和上一段都是围棋选手Wang Wei讲述围棋能体现选手性格，用的皆为一般现在时。主语The players’personalities是复数形式，与reveal之间是被动关系，故此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are revealed.

第二空是tries考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空白处作谓语。根据空白处前的always以及本段和上一段中的时态均为一般现在时可知，此处应用一般现在时，主语A decent winner为单数，与try之间是主动关系，故填tries。

4.is  考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词。本句描述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时。主语The“sunshine scent”是单数，且根据空白处后的 one of them可知填is。

5.walks考查谓语动词。纵观全句，没有谓语动词，故此处应填谓语动词。句子的主语是the Silk Route Garden，与walk是主动关系，指的是花园通过其设计和布局，使游客能够体验或“走过”一段受古代丝绸之路影响的旅程，walk在此为及物动词。整个段落用的是一般现在时来描述the Glasshouse 和 the Silk Route Garden 的特点和功能，因此，此处也应用一般现在时第三人称单数形式，故填walks。

6.were  考查谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，该句的主语为 Some of the things,that Tang was writing about 为定语从句，修饰先行词things;再根据句意可知，此处描述的是过去的事实，故应填were。

7.was built  考查谓语动词。根据Two years later可知，该句描述的是过去的事实，且句子主语pavilion与动词build之间为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。

8.wished 考查谓语动词。根据空白处前As a little girl及下文的when I grew up可知，本句时态为一般过去时，因此该空应填wish的过去式。

9.were 考查谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空白处缺少定语从句中的谓语动词，先行词是areas，又因空后为previously(以前，先前)，故此处应用一般过去时的复数形式were，表示过去某个时间存在的状态。

10.is designed 考查谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，因主语the GPNP与动词design之间为动宾关系，且句子陈述的是现在的状态，因此此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。

11.第一空是was fixing 考查谓语时态。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词，根据句型be doing....when....可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描还的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。第二空是threw 考查谓语时态。提示词是动词，谓语主语he之后，根据逗号后and started running可知，设空处应填谓语时态，and连接两个并列的谓语时态，故应填过去时threw。

12.was 考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。

13.was 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。

14.touched 考查谓语动词时态。Last week作时间状语表明事件发生在过去，故应用touch的过去式touched; touch down为固定搭配，意为“着陆，降落”。

15.第一空是means考查主谓一致。主语it为第三人称单数，因此谓语动词应用means.

第二空是is constructed考查动词的被动语态，句意为“这意味着我们有机会得知月球是如何被构建的”，the moon与construct是被动关系，故应用被动语态。

17.carries 考查动词时态根据空白处前面的This is 和下一句中的They represent 可知本句是一般现在时，又根据 decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 是动名词短语作主语，是一个整体，谓语动词应该用第三人称单数形式，因此此处填carries。

18.pointed考查动词时态根据全文动词时态可推测整个故事发生在过去，并由与之并列的谓语动词smiled可知，此处应填pointed。

18.have reported   考查动词时态和语态及主谓一致由in recent years 可知此处语境表示的是从过去某时一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时。

19.are 根据空白处前面的are及空白处后面的is和1ack可知，本句是现在时态，又根据six，因此此处填are。

20.declared  考查动词时态Irene的领奖发言是过去发生的事，另根据此空白处后面的过去式 had 和下文Irene said 可知，此处用 declare 的过去式。名词plan后接不定式作后置定语。

21. have made  考查动词时态及主谓一致over the years常与完成时连用，在此意为“(从过去某时到现在的)多年来”。根据主句谓语动词love的时态可知，定语从句的谓语动词make应用现在完成式。

22.recommended 考查动词时态全文是在叙述过去的情况，再根据空白处前面的并列的谓语动词 shared 可知，此处用recommend 的过去式recommended。

23.were invited 考查动词时态和语态invite和主语we之间是被动关系，故用其被动语态，且全文是在叙述过去的情况，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。

24.is  考查动词时态本文讲述跑步的好处，用的是现在时态，再根据空白处前面的can't make 和 says 可知，此处讲述的是客观事实，因此用is。

25.has grown 考查谓语动词时态由Since 2011“自2011年以来”可知此处语境表示的是从过去的某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，故用现在完成时，且主语thecountry是单数名词。

26.started根据上下文可知作者在说2005年发生的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。

27.meant考查谓语动词(时态)全文是在叙述过去的情况，因此谓语动词用一般过去时。

28.are removed 考查谓语动词 (一般现在时的被动语态)   文章描述的是客观事实，且主语 fat and salt 与谓语动词 remove 为被动关系，因此此处应填 are removed。

29.is  考查谓语动词（一般现在时）  根据上下文可知，“快餐富含脂肪和盐” 是客观事实，且主语 Fast food 是第三人称单数形式，因此谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。

30.were used 考查谓语动词 (一般过去时的被动语态)根据语境“蒸汽机被用来拉动车厢”。文章叙述的是过去的事，且主语 Steam engines 与 use 为动宾关系。

31.managed 考查谓语动词 (过去时)根据上下文可知作者在描述过去的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。

32.has been told /was told考查谓语动词（时态和语态）此处意为“萨拉被告知下一年她可能成为收入百万美元的英国新超级模特”。主语 Sarah 与 tell 为被动关系，且描述的是过去的事实，也可能会对现在造成影响，因此此处填 has been told /was told。

33.comes考查动词时态由 at the moment 可知，此处应用一般现在时。

二．非谓语动词

1.（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 56_____________ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. 

2.（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62 _____________(draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands that serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 

3.（2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Before 64_____________ (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly cheaper than those found in supermarkets.

4.（2026·全国二卷·高考真题）At the end of the lesson,I feel wide awake,despite it still 64 (be)early at 8am.It’s time for my dan tian65 (meet)another life force:coffee.

5.（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”

6.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题） Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ____62____ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.

7.（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____65____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.

8.（2024·全国一卷·高考真题）These sepals(萼片) open on warm days58(give) the insideplants sunshine and fresh air.The design features ten steel “'sepals (萼片)” madeof glass and aluminium(铝). In cold weather, the structure stays59(close) to protectthe plants.

9.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 4017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was builtat the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 

10.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ___63___ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 

11.（2024·全国二卷·高考真题）___64___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang’s play was being performed.”

12.（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）To eat one, you have to decide whether ____57____ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 

13.（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）Shanghai may be the ____59____ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. 

14.（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____61____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 

15.（2023·全国一卷·高考真题）No matter where I buy them, one steamer israrely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ______65______ (want) more next time.

16.（2023·全国二卷·高考真题）Not the pandas, even though the language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60___ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 

17.（2022·全国一卷·高考真题）The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park（GPNP）. 56（cover）an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority   59  （increase）effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 

18.（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony（阳台）, Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 56（fall）child. 

19.（2022·全国二卷·高考真题）Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up  59 （see）them. When he looked down, he accidentally slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes and screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.

20.（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us  60（astonish）.

21.（2021·全国一卷·高考真题）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63

（ache）legs. 

22.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I've always loved the ocean. In theseventh grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 57 (think)it is food.

23.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I decided to do something ____58____ (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a companywhich used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.

24.（2021·全国二卷·高考真题）I was so____62____ (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.

25.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4  66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 

26.（2020·全国一卷·高考真题）They represent the earth  63  (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

27.（2020·全国二卷·高考真题）Oranges: Orange trees are morethan decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times  65  (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

28.（2020·全国二卷·高考真题）Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. Certainly during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are associated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.

29.（2020·全国三卷·高考真题）The next morning he hired a boat and set out  67  (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved, gently along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds   69   (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artistonearth, Mother Nature.

30.（2019·全国一卷·高考真题）Modern methodsof tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. 

31.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题）A 90-year-old has been awarded "Woman Of The Year" for 61（be）Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,  which she opened with her late husband Les. 

32.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题）Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award, proud Irene declared she had no plans  65（retire）from her 36-year-old business. 

33.（2019·全国二卷·高考真题） She said, "We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call   68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's wonderful.”

34.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take  62 （get）there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.

35.（2019·全国三卷·高考真题）On the last day of our week-long stay，wewere invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars， 70（listen）to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

36.（2018·全国一卷·高考真题）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three yearslonger than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of______63______ (die) early by running.

37.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题）Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water than rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. 

38.（2018·全国二卷·高考真题）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing programthatgives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.

39.（2018·全国三卷·高考真题） I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid    64    (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel    65   (challenge).

40.（2018·全国三卷·高考真题）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me    70    (stay)and watch.

41.（2017·全国一卷·高考真题）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required63   

(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. 

42.（2017·全国一卷·高考真题）Fast foodisfull of fat and salt; by 68(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

43.（2017·全国二卷·高考真题） It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof overthe top.

44.（2017·全国三卷·高考真题）She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as a model in New York.

45.（2017·全国三卷·高考真题）But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants65   

(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with hereducation.

【答案】

1.to be held2.Drawn3.heading4. being；to meet 5.to present 6.to discover 7.left 8. to give；closed

9..inspired10.to find  11.Recalling 12.to bite 13.recognized14.to be lifted15.wanting16.visiting

17. Covering ；to increase 18.falling 19.to see  20.astonished 21. aching 22. thinking

23.to educate24.excited25.to find26.coming27.decorated 28.to care 29. to find；surrounding30.to perform 31.being 32. to retire33.saying  34.to get 35.listening36. to see ；dying  37.toimprove38. feeding 

39.looking；challenged 41.to stay42.to process 43.eating 44.resting45.to prove

【解析】

1.to be held考查非谓语动词。It is +adj+for sb/ sth to do sth.为定句型，其中It为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。空白处的逻辑主语them指代daji，与hold之间为被动关系(大集被举办)，需用不定式的被动形式，故填tobeheld。

2.Drawn考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为line up，空白处应为非谓语，draw与逻辑主语they之间为被动关系(他们被香味吸引)，需用-ed形式表被动，空白处位于句首，故填Drawn。

3.heading考查非谓语动词。Before为介词，后接-ing形式作宾语，故填heading。heading home 意为“回家"。

4.第一空being考查非谓语动词。空白处位于介词despite之后，应用动名词，故填being。代词it为其逻辑主语，此处构成动名词的复合结构作介词despite 的宾语。

第二空to meet 考查非谓语动词。it is time for sb/sth to do sth 是定搭配，意为“是某人/某物该做某事的时候了”，故填to meet。

5.to present 考查非谓语动词。hope to do sth是固定搭配，故空白处填to present.

6.to discover  此处考查非谓语动词。chance 后接不定式作后置定语，the chance to do sth意为“去做某事的机会”。

7.left 此处考查非谓语动词。sheet or shirt 和 leave 是被动关系，故此处应用leave的过去分词形式left 作后置定语。left to sun意为“被放在阳光下晒”。

8.第一个空是to give此处考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示“为了给......提供......"

第二个空是closed此处考查词性转换。stays“保持”是系动词，后接过去分词形容词作表语，表示被动，故填closed，意为“关闭的”

9..inspired 此处考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语为pavilion,  60  (inspire) by The Peory Pavilion 作后置定语来修饰主语;又因主语pavilion与动词inspire之间为被动关系，故用动词-ed形式，inspired by意为“受......启发”。

10.to find  此处考查非谓语动词。be amazed to do sth为固定搭配，意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。

11.Recalling 此处考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为Edmondson，谓语动词为said，故空白处应填非谓语动词;又因主语Edmondson与动词recall之间为主动关系，故用动词-ing形式作状语。

12.to bite 此处考查非谓语动词。whether todo sth是固定搭配，意为“是否做某事”，作动词decide的宾语。

13.recognized此处考查非谓语动词。recognize和home 在逻辑上是被动关系，故此处应用recognize的过去分词形式recognized作定语，意为“公认的”。

14.to be lifted 此处考查非谓语动词。allow sb/sth to do sth是搭配,故空白处要用不定式作宾语补足语;宾语them指代xiao long bao，和lift在逻辑上是被动关系，故此处应填tobelifted。

15.wanting此处考查非谓语动词。该并列分句是leave sb doing sth结构的被动式，leave在此为使役动词，意为“使处于(某种状态)”;逻辑主语I和动词want是主动关系，故应用动词-ing形式作主语补足语。

16.visiting此处考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，空白处修饰名词Chinese zookeepers，且与其为逻辑上的主动关系，故应用动词-ing形式作定语，visiting表示“访问的”。

17.第一空是Covering 此处考查非谓语动词。... Yellowstone National Park 在句中作状语，主语the GPNP与动词cover为主动关系，因此此处应填动词-ing形式 covering。

第二空是to increase 此处考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式短语作目的状语，表示“为了提高”。句意为:该计划将把保护范围扩大到很多以前未受保护的区域，这样许多现有的大熊猫保护区就被纳入了统一管理，从而能提高效率，减少管理混乱。

18.falling 考查非调语动词。句中的heldout为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意可知child和fall 之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。应该使用现在分词作定语。

19.to see  考查非谓语动词。句中的climbedup为谓语动词试,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们),故应该使用todo动词不定式作目的状语。

20.astonished 考查形容词。此处说明“us”的状态，所以用astonished。

21. aching 考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching，表示主动和进行的动作。

22.考查非谓语动词。句意：当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾，以为那是食物时，我很难过。分析句子结构，____57____ (think)it is food.用作状语，think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以填thinking。

23.考查非谓语动词。句意：我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构，____3____ (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语，用不定式，所以填to educate。

24.考查非谓语动词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的过去分词做表语，所以填excited。

25.to find此处考查动词句型use sth to do sth (用某物做某事)。

26.coming谓语动词represent的宾语是带逻辑主语的动名词短语，theearth是动名词coming的逻辑主语。

27.decorated 此处是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰them,them指代 orangetrees,decorate sth with sth是固定搭配，意为“用......装饰......”，them与decorate为被动关系，因此此处应填decorated。

28.to care 该句为"be easy to do(sth)”结构,主语they指代 bamboo plants。

29. 第一空是to find此处用不定式表示目的;set out to do sth为固定搭配，意为“着手、开始做某事”

第二空是surrounding非谓语动词作动词 saw后的宾语补足语，clouds和surround为主动关系，故用surrounding。

30.to perform 该句为“be+形容词+不定式”结构，主语methods与谓语动词perform为被动关系，但用不定式的主动式作状语。又如:Very large hotels are expensive to build and operate.

31.being  考查非谓语动词，动名词做宾语, 介词后应用动词的-ing形式作宾语。

32. to retire 考查非谓语动词，名词plan后接不定式作后置定语。

33.saying   saying she was short-listed 为动词-ing短语，在作 call 的后置定语，相当于定语从句which says...;名词call与动词say为主动关系，故用动词-ing形式。

34.to get 分析句子结构可知，it takes+ 时间+todo sth中，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。

35.listening考查非谓语动词做伴随状语，主语we与listen为主动关系，故用动词-ing作状语。

36.第一空是to see 考查非谓语动词，不定式做目的状语。根据句意“要见到效果，你不必快跑或长时间地跑”，to see作目的状语。

第二空是dying  考查非谓语动词，动名词做宾语，介词后应用die的动名词形式dying。

37.toimprove根据语境“改善水质”是“政府鼓励农民种玉米而不种水稻”的目的，动词不定式作目的状语。

38. feeding when/while+ 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于 when/while。

39.第一空是looking考查非谓语动词(动名词)avoid后接动名词作宾语。avoid doingsth意为“避免做某事”，第二空是challenged 考查非谓语动词(过去分词)主语he与challenge (对......挑战)为被动关系，故用过去分词表被动。

41.to stay考查非谓语动词(动词不定式)allow sb to do sth是定结构，意为“允许某人做某事”，因此应填tostay。

42.to process 考查非谓语动词 (动词不定式)  根据语境 “需要它们（脂肪和盐）来处理食物” 和关键词 “required” 可知，此处应填 to process。

43.eating 考查非谓语动词 (动名词)   “by + 动名词” 作方式状语。此处意为 “吃大量的快餐，人们将摄入超过他们饮食所需的更多的盐和油脂”。

44.resting考查非谓语动词此处意为“16 岁的萨拉在学期中间的假期时间里没有休息”。spend some time doing sth 意为 “花费时间做某事”。

45.to prove考查非谓语动词 (动词不定式)want to do sth 意为 “想要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。