专题一高考阅读理解说明文 2023年 passage 4 2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷

四季读书网 2024-04-04 15:51:55 1 0

【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】¹As cities balloon with growth, ²access to nature for people living in ³urbanareas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a ⁴pocket park near ⁵where you live, but it’s ⁶unusual to find places in a city ⁷that are ⁸relatively wild.

注释：1. as cities balloon with growth是as导的时间状语从句。balloon v.膨胀，激增；n.气球 2. access n.接近/使用…的方法/权利/机会，通道/入口。accessible adj.可接近的，可使用的，易懂的，be accessible to sb可被某人接近的 3. urban adj.城市的，城区的。suburban adj.郊区的，城郊的 4. pocket n.口袋，做定语表示“微小的、袖珍的”。pocket money零花钱 5. where you live是where引导的宾语从句，做near的宾语 6. unusual adj.不同寻常的，不平常的 7. that are relatively wild是that引导的定语从句，先行词是places 8. relatively wild相对天然的/自然状态的。relatively adv.相当的，相对的

译文：随着城市规模的不断扩张，对于生活在城区的人们来说，接触大自然的机会变得越来越难以找到。如果你足够幸运，在你居住的地方附近会有一个袖珍公园，但是，在城市里通常找不到相对天然的地方。

Past research has found health and ¹wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that ²wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human ³well-being.

注释：1. wellness n.健康。health和wellness都修饰benefits，属于名词修饰名词的用法。2. wildness n.野蛮，野性，荒凉 3. well-being n.健康，安乐，幸福

译文：过去的研究已经发现大自然对人类健康方面的好处，但是一个新的研究表明，城市里的天然地方对人类的健康幸福极其重要。

The research team focused on a large urban park. They ¹surveyed several hundred ²park-goers, ³asking them to submit a ⁴writtensummaryonline of a meaningful interaction ⁵they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, ⁶coding (编码) experiences into different ⁷categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the ⁸beach for a while” was ⁹assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves.”

注释：1. survey v./n.（民意）调查，测量。conduct/carry out a survey 2. park-goer经常去公园的人，公园参观者。goer前加地点，表示常去…的人 3. asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park是现在分词短语做状语，其逻辑主语是句首的they。submit v.提交，屈服，建议。submit sth to sb把某物提交给某人。submit to sb向某人屈服。submission n.提交，屈服，建议 4. written adj.书面的。summary n.总结，概要；adj.总结性的。summarize v.总结，概述 5. they had with nature in the park是省略引导词的定语从句，先行词是interaction 6. coding experiences into different category是现在分词短语做状语，其逻辑主语是句首的the researchers 7. category n.种类，类别。表示种类的词：variety/kind/sort/type/species/classification 8. beach n.海滨，湖滨，河滨，江滨，沙滩。shore岸；海/河/湖岸/sands沙滩 9. assign v.分配，分派/布置（任务）。assign sb to do sth指派某人做某事。assign sth to sb/assign sb sth把某物分配给某人。名词是assignment

译文：该研究团队集中研究了一个大型城市公园。他们调查了数百个常去那里的人，要求他们在网上提交一份局面总结，说明他们在公园里与大自然的有意义的互动。然后，研究者检查了他们提交的总结，把他们的经历编码为不同的种类。例如，一位参与者的经历是“我们坐在湖边听了一会波浪的声音”。他的经历被归类到“坐在湖边”和“听波浪的声音”这两类中。

Across the 320 submissions, a ¹pattern of categories ²the researchers call a “nature language” began to ³emerge. After the coding of all submissions, ⁴half a dozen categories were ⁵noted most often ⁶as important to visitors. These ⁷include encountering wildlife, walking along ⁸the edge ofwater, and following an ⁹established trail.

注释：1. pattern n.样式，模式，图案，方式 2. the researchers call a “nature language”是省略引导词的定语从句，先行词是pattern 3. emerge v.出现，暴露出，浮现。名词为emergence。emergent adj.紧急的；浮现的；新兴的。emergency n.紧急情况 4. half pron. 半数，half an hour半小时；n.一半，半，half of sth 某物的一半，复数为halves 5. note v.提及，注意到，note down记下，写下；n.笔记，注释，纸币，调子 6. as important to visitors是as引导的原因状语从句的省略形式，补完整应为“as they are important to visitors”。这里的visitors指去公园里的人们 7. include v.包括，包含，include doing sth包括做…。encounter v./n.遭遇，偶然遇到，近义词组：come across/run into 8. edge n.边缘，刀刃。the edge of …的边缘。double-edged双刃的，对双方都不利的 9. establish v.建立，确定，确立；名词为establishment。established adj.确定的，已确立的。trail n.小路/径，踪迹，痕迹；v.跟踪，疲惫地走

译文：在提交的320份总结中，被研究者称为“自然语言”的类别模式开始出现。在把提交的所有总结编码后，六个类别被提及的最多因为它们对参观者重要。它们包括邂逅野生动物、沿着水边走和顺着既定路线走。

¹Naming each nature experience creates a ²usable language, ³which helps people ⁴recognize and take part in the activities ⁵that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young ⁶professional⁷on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more ⁸domestic form of this interaction by walking along a ⁹fountain on their lunch break.

注释：1. naming each nature experience是动名词短语做主语。name sth/sb给…起名字。create-creation-creature-creative-creativity 2. usable adj.可用的; 能用的。useful adj.有用的，有益的。usage n.用法，惯用法 3. which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them是which引导的定语从句，先行词是language。4. recognize v.认出、识别出，认可、承认/认识到，名词为recognition 5. that are most satisfying and meaningful to them是that引导的定语从句，先行词是activities 6. professional n.专家，专业人员；adj.专业的，职业的。profession n.行业，职业。professor n.教授、讲师 7. on a hike在一次远足中。hike v.去远足，徒步旅行 8. domestic adj.国内的，家庭的，驯养的/非野生的 9. fountain n.人工喷泉，喷水池，源泉

译文：给每个自然经历命名创造了一种可用的语言。人们在它的帮助下找出最令他们满意的和对他们最有意义的活动，并参加这些活动。例如，对于一位周末在公园里远足的年轻专家来说，沿着水边散步可能是令他满意的经历。回到市中心，在工作日，他们可以在午餐休息时沿着喷泉散步。这样他们也可以享受到非天然形式的互动。

“We’re trying to ¹generate a language ²that helps ³bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And ⁴for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can ⁵interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a ⁶seniorauthor of the study.

注释：1. generate v. 产生，生成。generator n. 发电机。generation n.同时代的人，一代人 2. that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives是that引导的定语从句，先行词是language 3. bring…back把…带回来。bring up养育，呕吐 4. for that to happen为了使那发生 5. interact with sth与…交流/互动。interaction n. 交流，沟通，相互作用。interactive adj.交互式的，互动的，相互作用的 6. senior adj.级别/地位高的，年纪大的。junior adj. 级别/地位低的，年纪小的

译文：该研究的高级作者Peter Kahn说：“我们正在努力创造一种语言，帮助把人与自然的互动带回到日常生活中。而且为了实现这个目标，我们也需要保护自然以便于我们可以与之互动。”

12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?

A. Pocket parks are now popular.

B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.

C. Many cities are overpopulated.

D. People enjoy living close to nature.

13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?

A. To compare different types of park-goers.

B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.

C. To analyze the main features of the park.

D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.

14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?