文章主题:历史研究方法论|社科议论文
难点:大量名词化结构、嵌套定语从句、学术抽象词汇、指代繁多
(46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.
句子拆分:
主语+过去分词插入定语;并列谓语 built… and shaped…;by its nature 插入状语✅【阅卷采分点(满分2分)】
1. driven by powerful and diverse motivations 受强大且多元的动机驱使(0.5)
2. built a nation out of a wilderness 在荒野之上建立起一个国家(0.5)
3. by its nature 就其本质而言(0.5)
4. uncharted continent 未知大陆(0.5)
核心词汇
diverse adj.多样的;❌典型易错点
uncharted 错译成“没有图表的”;参考译文:这场迁徙运动受到各种强大动机的驱使,在一片荒野之上缔造出一个国家;并且从本质上塑造了这片未知大陆的特质与命运。
(47)The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.
句子拆分:
✅【阅卷采分点(2分)】
1. two principal forces 两大主要力量(0.5)
2. varied ideas, customs, national characteristics 多元思想、习俗与民族特质(0.5)
3. modify v.改变、调整(0.5)
4. these traits 这些特征(0.5)
核心词汇
principal adj.主要的;❌典型易错点
找不到破折号后的并列结构;参考译文:美国的形成源自两大主要力量:一是欧洲各族移民带来的各式各样思想、习俗与民族特征;二是这个全新国度对上述特征产生的改造作用。
(48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.
句子拆分:
✅【阅卷采分点(2分)】
1. peculiar to America 美国特有(0.5)
2. interplay 相互影响、相互作用(0.5)
3. sheer difficulty 巨大的困难(0.25)
4. raw new continent 原始的新大陆(0.25)
核心词汇
peculiar adj.特有的;❌典型易错点【全年最高频失分坑】
主语过长,找不到谓语caused;参考译文:但美国独特的地理环境、不同民族群体之间的相互交融,以及在这片原始新大陆上维系旧大陆传统的重重阻碍,共同催生了巨大变革。
(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America.
句子拆分:
主干 The first shiploads… crossed the Atlantic;bound for后置定语;which定语从句;after引导时间状语✅【阅卷采分点(2分)】
1. bound for 前往(0.5)
2. territory n.领土、地域(0.5)
3. shiploads of immigrants 成船的移民(0.5)
4. explorations 探险考察(0.5)
核心词汇
shipload n.一船货物/人员;❌典型易错点
bound for 识别不出;参考译文:十五、十六世纪对北美洲展开勘探的一百多年之后,首批驶向如今美国这片土地的移民船队横渡了大西洋。
(50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.
句子拆分:
✅【阅卷采分点(2分)】
1. virgin forest 原始森林(0.5)
2. richness and variety of trees 树木繁茂、种类繁多(0.5)
3. treasure-house 宝库(0.5)
4. extended from…all the way down to… 从……一直绵延至……(0.5)
核心词汇
virgin adj.原始的,未开发的;❌典型易错点
virgin forest直译为“处女森林”,严重失分;参考译文:这片原始森林树木繁茂、品类丰富,堪称一座天然宝库,从缅因州一路向南绵延至佐治亚州。
2015年翻译考点总结
1. 核心语法考点
超长并列名词主语、破折号同位语结构、过去分词后置定语、分隔式长主语;
2. 词汇难点
地域历史类专有表达;熟词僻义:
peoples(多个民族)、virgin(原始未开发的);
3. 考场普遍问题
无法识别多个并列主语,找不到主句谓语;名词堆砌,只会逐字直译,不会转化中文短句;
注:仅供参考学习。