高考英语最容易混淆的15个词
第 18 组 · 高频词第 256–270 位 | 释义锚定《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》
15 词形近·近义辨析熟词生义·派生词族
课标·必修*课标·选择性必修**标注课标要求掌握的词(* 为必修,** 为选择性必修)。
高考高频标注近十年高考真题高频考查词;
熟词生义标注高考高频陷阱义项;
易混标注易与形近词、近义词混淆的词;
固定搭配标注该词的高频固定搭配;
写作亮点标注可用于读后续写、应用文的加分词。
一、五大题型词汇考查分布
二、词汇正文(第 256–270 词)
256. accidentˈæksɪdəntn.事故;意外;意外事件课标·必修*高考高频固定搭配
— 英文释义: A sudden event that causes damage or injury, often by chance
— 例句: A traffic accident happened at the crossing.(十字路口发生了一起交通事故。)
固定搭配
— by accident — 偶然
— a car accident — 车祸
— traffic accident — 交通事故
— accident rate — 事故率
派生:accidental(adj.意外的);accidentally(adv.偶然地)
近义词: mishap, incident, crash 形近词: accent(口音;拼写易混淆)
257. activityækˈtɪvətin.活动;行动;活跃课标·必修*高考高频
— 英文释义: Something that people do, especially for interest or pleasure
— 例句: After-school activities help us relax.(课外活动帮助我们放松。)
固定搭配
— outdoor activity — 户外活动
— physical activity — 体育活动
— class activity — 课堂活动
— social activity — 社交活动
派生:active(adj.活跃的);activate(v.激活)
近义词: action, movement, exercise 形近词: 无常见形近词,注意与 active / actively / activate 的词性区分
258. advantageədˈvɑːntɪdʒn.优势;利益;有利条件固定搭配写作亮点
— 英文释义: Something that helps you or puts you in a better position
— 例句: Practice gives you an advantage over others.(练习让你比别人有优势。)
固定搭配
— take advantage of — 利用
— have an advantage — 有优势
— advantage over — 优于
— to one's advantage — 对某人有利
派生:advantageous(adj.有利的);disadvantage(n.不利)
近义词: benefit, edge, merit 形近词: advance(v.前进);adventure(n.冒险)
259. adviceədˈvaɪsn.建议;忠告;劝告课标·必修*高考高频易混固定搭配
— 英文释义: An opinion you give somebody about what they should do
— 例句: Let me give you a piece of advice on studying.(让我就学习给你提一点建议。)
固定搭配
— a piece of advice — 一条建议
— take one's advice — 采纳某人的建议
— ask for advice — 征求意见
— sound advice — 中肯的建议
派生:advise(v.建议);advisable(adj.明智的);adviser(n.顾问)
近义词: suggestion, tip, counsel 形近词: advise(v.建议), device(n.装置)
260. amountəˈmaʊntn.数量;总额vi.总计达;相当于;等同于课标·必修*固定搭配高考高频
— 英文释义: How much there is of something; a quantity
— 例句: A large amount of money was spent on the project.(大笔钱花在了这个项目上。)
固定搭配
— a large amount of — 大量的
— amount to — 总计;相当于
— a small amount — 少量
— in amount — 在数量上(罕用)
近义词: quantity, sum, total 形近词: account(n.账户), mount(v.增加)
261. approachəˈprəʊtʃn.方法;途径;接近vt.接近;着手处理vi.靠近课标·必修*高考高频熟词生义
— 英文释义: A way of dealing with something; the act of coming nearer
— 例句: We should approach the problem in a new way.(我们应该用新方法处理这个问题。)
固定搭配
— approach to — …的方法
— a new approach — 新方法
— approach sb. — 接近某人
— easy of approach — 容易接近的
派生:approachable(adj.可接近的;平易近人的)
近义词: method, way, means 形近词: reproach(v.责备), approve(v.批准)
262. attentionəˈtenʃənn.注意力;注意;关心固定搭配高考高频
— 英文释义: The act of watching or listening to something carefully
— 例句: Please pay attention to the teacher in class.(上课请专心听老师讲课。)
固定搭配
— pay attention to — 注意
— attract attention — 吸引注意
— draw one's attention — 引起某人注意
— with attention — 注意地
派生:attentive(adj.专心的);attentively(adv.专心地)
近义词: care, notice, concentration 形近词: intention(n.意图)
263. benefitˈbenɪfɪtn.利益;好处;救济金vt.有益于,对…有益vi.受益,得益课标·必修*高考高频写作亮点
— 英文释义: A helpful or good effect; to be helped by something
— 例句: Exercising every day will benefit your health.(每天锻炼对你的健康有益。)
固定搭配
— benefit from — 从…中获益
— for the benefit of — 为了…的利益
— mutual benefit — 互利
— be of benefit — 有益
派生:beneficial(adj.有益的);beneficiary(n.受益人)
近义词: advantage, profit, gain 形近词: benefactor(n.捐助者)
264. causekɔːzn.原因;事业;目标vt.引起;使遭受高考高频
— 英文释义: The person or thing that makes something happen; to make something happen
— 例句: The heavy rain caused the flood in the town.(大雨造成了镇上的洪水。)
固定搭配
— cause trouble — 惹麻烦
— cause and effect — 因果
— the root cause — 根本原因
— cause damage — 造成损害
派生:causal(adj.因果的);causation(n.起因;因果关系)
近义词: reason, source, lead to 形近词: course(n.课程;过程), coarse(adj.粗糙的)
265. chancetʃɑːnsn.机会;运气;可能性高考高频固定搭配
— 英文释义: A possibility that something will happen; an opportunity
— 例句: It was a good chance to make new friends.(这是一个结交新朋友的好机会。)
固定搭配
— by chance — 偶然
— take a chance — 冒险;碰运气
— miss a chance — 错过机会
— a chance to do — 做…的机会
派生:本词无高考常用派生;注意 by chance(偶然)与 by any chance(碰巧,多用于疑问句)的差异
近义词: opportunity, possibility, luck 形近词: change(v.改变), chant(v.吟唱)
266. changetʃeɪndʒn.变化;零钱vt.改变;交换vi.改变;兑换高考高频
— 英文释义: To become different; something that has changed or is different
— 例句: Her attitude changed after the talk.(谈话后她的态度改变了。)
固定搭配
— change one's mind — 改变主意
— change into — 变成
— a change of clothes — 换洗衣物
— climate change — 气候变化
派生:changeable(adj.易变的);exchange(v.交换)
近义词: alter, shift, vary 形近词: chance(n.机会), charge(v.收费)
267. choicetʃɔɪsn.选择;选择权课标·必修*高考高频固定搭配易混
— 英文释义: The act of choosing between two or more possibilities
— 例句: You have a choice between the two schools.(你在两所学校之间有一个选择。)
固定搭配
— make a choice — 做出选择
— have no choice — 别无选择
— a wise choice — 明智的选择
— free choice — 自由选择
派生:choose(v.选择,名词与动词拼写不同);choosy 为口语词,高考不涉及
近义词: option, selection, alternative 形近词: choose(v.选择), voice(n.声音)
268. conditionkənˈdɪʃənn.条件;状况;环境课标·必修*固定搭配
— 英文释义: The state that somebody or something is in
— 例句: Good health is the first condition of happiness.(健康是幸福的首要条件。)
固定搭配
— on condition that — 条件是
— working conditions — 工作条件(常用复数)
— under the condition — 在…条件下
— living conditions — 生活条件(常用复数)
派生:conditional(adj.有条件的);unconditional(adj.无条件的)
近义词: state, situation, circumstance 形近词: conviction(n.定罪)
269. confidenceˈkɒnfɪdənsn.信心;信任;把握课标·必修*高考高频固定搭配
— 英文释义: The feeling that you can do things well and succeed
— 例句: She answered the question with confidence.(她自信地回答了问题。)
固定搭配
— with confidence — 自信地
— gain confidence — 获得信心
— lose confidence — 失去信心
— have confidence in — 对…有信心
派生:confident(adj.自信的);confidently(adv.自信地)
近义词: assurance, self-belief, trust 形近词: confidential(adj.机密的)
270. consequenceˈkɒnsɪkwənsn.结果;后果课标·选择性必修**固定搭配写作亮点
— 英文释义: A result of something that happened earlier
— 例句: As a consequence, he lost his job.(结果,他丢了工作。)
固定搭配
— as a consequence — 结果
— in consequence of — 由于
— face the consequences — 承担后果
— a direct consequence — 直接后果
派生:consequent(adj.随之发生的);consequently(adv.因此)
近义词: result, outcome, effect 形近词: sequence(n.顺序)
三、本辑考点总结
(一)本辑含动词义项的词(完形选项常考)
- amount(总计达;相当于) / approach(接近;着手处理) / benefit(有益于,对…有益) / cause(引起;使遭受) / change(改变;交换)
说明:advantage、chance、condition 在部分词典中虽列有动词义项(如 chance to do、condition sb to do),但均属生僻或超纲用法;高考与课标对此三词一律按名词考查,故不列入上述常考动词义项。
(二)本辑「一词多义 / 熟词生义」聚焦
| condition | |
| chance | |
| advantage | |
| amount | |
| approach | |
| cause | |
| change | |
| choice |
(三)本辑完形名词辨析重点(共 15 个)
| accident | ||
| activity | ||
| advantage | ||
| advice | ||
| amount | ||
| approach | ||
| attention | ||
| benefit | ||
| cause | ||
| chance | ||
| change | ||
| choice | ||
| condition | ||
| confidence | ||
| consequence |
(四)本辑派生词族(语法填空)
| accident | |
| activity | |
| advantage | |
| advice | |
| amount | |
| approach | |
| attention | |
| benefit | |
| cause | |
| chance | |
| change | |
| choice | |
| condition | |
| confidence | |
| consequence |
(五)本辑固定搭配精选(15 词)
-accident→ a car accident — 车祸
-accident→ traffic accident — 交通事故
-activity→ outdoor activity — 户外活动
-activity→ physical activity — 体育活动
-activity→ class activity — 课堂活动
-advantage→ take advantage of — 利用
-advantage→ have an advantage — 有优势
-advantage→ advantage over — 优于
-advice→ a piece of advice — 一条建议
-advice→ take one's advice — 采纳某人的建议
-advice→ ask for advice — 征求意见
-amount→ a large amount of — 大量的
-amount→ amount to — 总计;相当于
-amount→ a small amount — 少量
-approach→ approach to — …的方法
-approach→ a new approach — 新方法
-approach→ approach sb. — 接近某人
-attention→ pay attention to — 注意
-attention→ attract attention — 吸引注意
-attention→ draw one's attention — 引起某人注意
-benefit→ benefit from — 从…中获益
-benefit→ for the benefit of — 为了…的利益
-benefit→ mutual benefit — 互利
-cause→ cause trouble — 惹麻烦
-cause→ cause and effect — 因果
-cause→ the root cause — 根本原因
-chance→ by chance — 偶然
-chance→ take a chance — 冒险;碰运气
-chance→ miss a chance — 错过机会
-change→ change one's mind — 改变主意
-change→ change into — 变成
-change→ a change of clothes — 换洗衣物
-choice→ make a choice — 做出选择
-choice→ have no choice — 别无选择
-choice→ a wise choice — 明智的选择
-condition→ on condition that — 条件是
-condition→ working condition — 工作条件
-condition→ under the condition — 在…条件下
-confidence→ with confidence — 自信地
-confidence→ gain confidence — 获得信心
-confidence→ lose confidence — 失去信心
-consequence→ as a consequence — 结果
-consequence→ in consequence of — 由于
-consequence→ face the consequences — 承担后果
(六)本辑写作 / 读后续写场景词
-chance / change / choice(应用文:建议、选择、变化类话题)
-condition / confidence / consequence(读后续写:处境、心理、结果描写)
-advantage / benefit(议论文:利弊分析)
— 第 18 组(高频词 256–270)完 —
下一组预告:高频词第 271–285 位