一、态度词
【积极正面词】
positive 积极的；肯定的
optimistic 乐观的
supportive 支持的
approving 赞成的；认可的
favorable 赞同的；有利的
sympathetic 同情的；赞同的
hopeful 抱有希望的
confident 有信心的
grateful 感激的
appreciative 欣赏的；感激的
enthusiastic 热情的
promising 有希望的；有前途的
【消极负面词】
negative 消极的；否定的
pessimistic 悲观的
critical 批判的；挑剔的
doubtful 怀疑的
suspicious 怀疑的
skeptical 怀疑的
worried 担忧的
concerned 担忧的；关心的
anxious 焦虑的
disappointed 失望的
dissatisfied 不满意的
disapproving 不赞成的
opposed 反对的
【中立/客观词】
objective 客观的
neutral 中立的
impartial 公正的；不偏不倚的
unbiased 无偏见的
cautious 谨慎的
【高坑易错词】
ambiguous 模棱两可的
confused 困惑的
prejudiced 有偏见的
conservative 保守的
tolerant 容忍的
ambiguous 模棱两可的
mixed 复杂的；喜忧参半的
controversial 有争议的
indifferent 冷漠的（几乎不选）
unconcerned 漠不关心的（几乎不选）
二、逻辑连接词
【转折对比】
but 但是
however 然而
yet 然而
while 然而；尽管
whereas 然而；反之
nevertheless 尽管如此
though 虽然；尽管
instead 相反；代替
rather 相反；而是
on the contrary 正相反
in contrast 相比之下
【因果关系】
because 因为
since 既然；因为
as 因为
for 因为
so 所以
therefore 因此
thus 因此
hence 因此
as a result 结果
consequently 因此；结果
lead to 导致
result in 造成；导致
result from 由…造成
due to 由于
thanks to 多亏
owing to 由于
【并列递进】
and 和；并且
also 也
too 也
besides 此外
moreover 此外
furthermore 此外
in addition 另外
what’s more 而且
apart from 除…之外
not only...but also...不但……而且……
【举例论证】
for example 例如
for instance 比如
such as 比如
take...for example 以……为例
as an example 举个例子
【总结强调】
in short 简而言之
in a word 总之
in conclusion 总之
all in all 总的来说
generally speaking 一般来说
obviously 显然
actually 事实上
in fact 实际上
above all 最重要的是
三、同义替换
1.重要类
important
=vital
=crucial
=significant
=essential
=critical
major
=main
=chief
=primary
=principal
2.认为/表明/指出类
think
=believe
=argue
=claim
=state
=note
show
=indicate
=suggest
=reveal
=demonstrate
=prove
explain
=illustrate
=clarify
=account for
3.常见/普遍类
common
=usual
=ordinary
=typical
=widespread
general
=regular
=popular
4.改变类
change
=alter
=transform
=vary
=modify
=shift
adjust
=revise
=convert
5.导致/引起类
cause
=lead to
=result in
=bring about
=give rise to
contribute to
=trigger
=generate
6.阻止/避免类
stop
=prevent
=avoid
=keep…from
=discourage
ban
=prohibit
=restrict
=limit
7.足够类
enough
=adequate
=sufficient
=ample
plenty of
=abundant
8.困难/有挑战类
difficult
=hard
=tough
=challenging
=demanding
complicated
=complex
9.方法/方式类
way
=method
=approach
=means
=measure
strategy
=solution
10.许多/大量类
many
=numerous
=a number of
=various
a lot of
=plenty of
=a great deal of
11.提高/增加/改善类
increase
=rise
=grow
=expand
=go up
improve
=promote
=enhance
=boost
=strengthen
12.减少/下降类
reduce
=decrease
=decline
=drop
=cut down
fall
=lower
13.帮助/支持类
help
=assist
=aid
=support
=benefit
encourage
=favor
14.有害/危险类
dangerous
=harmful
=risky
=threatening
damaging
=destructive
15.著名/杰出类
famous
=well-known
=distinguished
=noted
outstanding
=remarkable
16.立刻/马上类
immediately
=at once
=right away
=instantly
promptly
=shortly
17.忽视/忽略类
ignore
=overlook
=neglect
=pay no attention to
fail to notice
18.意识到/知道类
realize
=be aware of
=recognize
=understand
know
=learn
=realize
=grasp
19.依赖/依靠类
depend on
=rely on
=count on
=bank on
20.处理/解决类
deal with
=cope with
=handle
=solve
=settle
address
=tackle
21.发展/进步类
develop
=progress
=advance
=grow
=evolve
improve
=promote
22.保护/保存类
protect
=preserve
=conserve
=defend
keep
=maintain
23.传统/文化类
traditional
=conventional
culture
=custom
=heritage
24.影响类
affect
=influence
=impact
=have an effect on
25.成功类
successful
=effective
=efficient
achieve
=succeed
=accomplish
26.常见心理/情绪类
happy
=delighted
=pleased
=cheerful
worried
=concerned
=anxious
=upset
tired
=exhausted
=worn out
27.常见社会类
people
=individuals
=citizens
=residents
students
=pupils
=learners
28.常见时间类
recent
=current
=present
nowadays
=currently
=in recent years
29.常见目的类
purpose
=aim
=goal
=objective
in order to
=so as to
30.常见能力类
ability
=capability
=competence
=skill
四、社会文化
【社会生活基础】
society 社会
social 社会的；社交的
citizen 公民
resident 居民；住户
individual 个人；个体
public 公众的；公共的
private 私人的；私有的
community 社区；团体
neighborhood 街区；邻里
lifestyle 生活方式
routine 日常；惯例
habit 习惯
custom 习俗；风俗
tradition 传统
cultural 文化的
culture 文化
heritage 文化遗产；传统
value 价值观
belief 信念；信仰
attitude 态度
behavior 行为
relationship 关系
interaction 互动；交流
communication 沟通；交流
connection 联系
harmony 和谐
conflict 冲突；矛盾
pressure 压力
stress 压力；紧张
burden 负担
responsibility 责任
duty 义务；职责
justice 正义；公正
fairness 公平
equality 平等
freedom 自由
right 权利
law 法律
rule 规则；规定
regulation 规章制度
policy 政策
system 体系；制度
organization 组织；机构
volunteer 志愿者
charity 慈善
donation 捐赠
welfare 福利
service 服务
public service 公共服务
【文化习俗传统节日】
festival 节日
celebration 庆祝；庆典
ceremony 仪式；典礼
holiday假日
tradition 传统
traditional 传统的
modern 现代的
ancient 古代的；古老的
local 当地的；本地的
native 本土的
foreign 外国的
international 国际的
global 全球的
culture shock 文化冲击
cultural difference 文化差异
respect 尊重
admire 钦佩；赞赏
appreciate 欣赏；感激
memory 记忆；回忆
honor 荣誉；尊敬
symbol 象征
represent 代表；象征
identity 身份；特性
religion 宗教
belief 信仰
pattern 模式；方式
【社会问题社会现象】
issue 议题；问题
problem 问题；难题
phenomenon 现象
trend 趋势；倾向
tendency 趋势
situation 形势；情况
condition 状况；条件
crisis 危机
challenge 挑战
difficulty 困难
trouble 困境；麻烦
poverty 贫穷
inequality 不平等
discrimination 歧视
violence 暴力
crime 犯罪
illegal 非法的
safety 安全
danger 危险
risk 风险
threat 威胁
damage 损害；破坏
destruction 毁灭；破坏
pollution 污染
waste 浪费；垃圾
shortage 短缺；不足
lack 缺乏
increase 增加
decrease 减少
improve 改善；提高
solve 解决
deal with 处理
reduce 减少
prevent 预防；阻止
protect 保护
promote 促进；提升
develop 发展
progress 进步
reform 改革
innovation 创新
【高频必背短语】
social media 社交媒体
public opinion 公众舆论
cultural background 文化背景
traditional culture 传统文化
cultural identity 文化认同
social responsibility 社会责任
public welfare 公益
human rights 人权
rule of law 法治
social harmony 社会和谐
current situation 现状
global trend 全球趋势
social problem 社会问题
generation gap 代沟
keep pace with times 与时俱进
pass down from generation to generation 代代相传
