已梳理近三年（2024—2026）山东高考英语（新高考Ⅰ卷）的完整结构与题材

一、近三年新高考Ⅰ卷英语结构与题材总览

试卷结构（山东）：听力 30 分（单独考试、一年两考取最高分，不在此卷）+ 笔试 120 分 = 150 分。笔试部分：

2027 备考难度信号：长难句增多、设问以推理/主旨/词义猜测/观点态度为主、阅读 D 篇学术化、语法填空重非谓语与词性转换。

二、2027 高考英语模拟卷（笔试部分·难度加大）

第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分）

第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）

A

Admissions for Summer Frontier Research Program (SFRP) 2027 are now open. This four-week residential program is designed for high-achieving senior secondary students who wish to gain first-hand research experience in life sciences before college.

◆Eligibility: applicants must be between 16 and 18 on June 1, 2027, and must have completed at least two years of senior secondary science courses.◆Sessions: Session I (July 6–31) focuses on molecular biology; Session II (August 3–28) on ecology and data science. Each session admits no more than 30 participants.◆Fees: tuition $2,900 plus $800 for housing and meals. Merit-based scholarships cover up to 50% of the tuition for students who demonstrate outstanding academic records or financial need.◆Application: submit an online form, a personal statement and one recommendation letter by April 30, 2027. Shortlisted applicants will be interviewed online in mid-May.

Participants work in pairs with a graduate mentor on a defined project and present their findings at a closing symposium. Some past projects have been published in student journals.

21.Which of the following meets the admission requirement?A. A 17-year-old who has taken biology courses for two years.B. A 15-year-old gifted student who has finished all science courses.C. A 19-year-old college freshman majoring in ecology.D. A student who submits only a personal statement.

22.What is the minimum tuition a full scholarship winner has to pay?A. $2,900　B. $1,450　C. $3,700　D. $800

23.What can be inferred about the program?A. It guarantees participants publication.B. Its admission is highly competitive.C. Mentors rather than students design the projects.D. It accepts applicants without interviews.

B

At twenty-five, Leo Vasquez had everything a rising chef could want: a coveted position in a two-starred restaurant in Lyon, a mentor who praised his palate, and a future plotted along the prestigious lines of Michelin stars. Yet when his mother's bakery in his sleepy hometown fell on hard times, he did the unthinkable: he packed his knives and went home.

His colleagues were baffled. "You are throwing away your career," one warned. Leo himself was not sure. For months he resented every flour-dusted dawn, comparing the humble loaves to the architectural desserts he had once sculpted. The bakery, however, had its own stubborn grace. Old Mrs. Hodge came every Tuesday for the rye bread her late husband had loved. The postman lingered over coffee, trading gossip. Children pressed their noses against the glass, saving pocket money for cinnamon buns.

Slowly, Leo began to notice what the kitchen in Lyon had never shown him: how a single loaf could anchor a lonely week, how the smell of baking could coax a grieving widow to smile. When the town council approached him to train unemployed youth in bread-making, he hesitated — then said yes, with the same intensity he once reserved for soufflés.

Two years later, the bakery's doors open before dawn, but what draws people in is no longer merely the bread. Leo teaches a class of nine apprentices, some of whom had never believed they could learn anything. His mother, now retired, watches from the corner, her eyes bright. Success, Leo has come to understand, is not a star on a door but the steadiness of a community that shows up, day after day, because you made space for it.

24.What drove Leo to return to his hometown?A. A better job offer.　B. His mother's bakery crisis.　C. His mentor's advice.　D. His longing for a quiet life.

25.The word "coax" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.A. persuade gently　B. force　C. disappoint　D. frighten

26.What can be inferred about Leo's feelings at the beginning of his return?A. He was relieved to escape pressure.B. He felt his talent was being wasted.C. He was confident about the bakery's future.D. He missed his colleagues in Lyon.

27.What does Leo now consider "success"?A. Earning Michelin recognition.B. Keeping the bakery financially sound.C. Anchoring and uplifting his community.D. Training as many apprentices as possible.

C

For birds, the city is a noisy paradox. Urban environments teem with food and shelter, but they also drown song in a persistent hum of traffic and construction. To be heard above the din, many urban birds have been observed to sing at higher frequencies. This "urban pitch shift" has been documented across species, from great tits in London to sparrows in San Francisco.

Yet a growing body of research suggests that this adaptive tweak comes with hidden costs that biologists are only beginning to quantify. Sound, for birds, is not merely a means of announcing presence; it carries precise information about size, health and fitness. A male that shifts its song upward to cut through noise may, in effect, lie about its quality. Research on great tits shows that lower-frequency notes correlate with larger body size and greater fighting ability. When a male is forced to sing higher, rivals may misread the signal — underestimating the singer's threat level, or worse, dismissing a genuinely formidable competitor. The result is a cascade of miscalculations in the delicate economy of territory and mate choice.

The costs are not only social. Producing high-pitched notes demands different muscle control, and some studies find that chronically stressed urban birds show higher levels of corticosterone, a stress hormone, linked to the extra effort of vocalization. Young nestlings, moreover, are less likely to hear their parents' warning calls when those calls are smothered by low-frequency traffic noise, leaving them vulnerable to predators at precisely the stage when they are least able to escape.

The findings do not argue that birds should flee the city. Rather, they complicate a comforting narrative: that nature, endlessly flexible, will simply adjust. Adaptation, the research implies, is never free. Every pitch-shifted note is a transaction — and someone, somewhere, pays.

28.What is mainly discussed in the passage?A. Why urban birds sing at higher frequencies.B. The hidden costs of urban birds' pitch shift.C. How to reduce noise pollution for wildlife.D. The decline of bird populations in cities.

29.According to paragraph 2, a higher-pitched male great tit may cause rivals to ____.A. overestimate his size　B. misjudge his fighting ability　C. flee the territory immediately　D. imitate his song

30.The word "smothered" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.A. amplified　B. muffled　C. replaced　D. recorded

31.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A. Birds should be encouraged to leave cities.B. Adaptation always has an accompanying price.C. Noise pollution has no lasting effect on birds.D. The flexibility of nature guarantees survival.

D

Few technologies have shaped the texture of modern attention as thoroughly as algorithmic recommendation. From video feeds to news aggregators, systems trained to predict what we will click are now the primary gatekeepers of what we see. Their defenders celebrate efficiency: a world where content finds us, rather than the reverse. But a quieter line of research asks whether this frictionless consumption quietly erodes something essential — the capacity to be surprised.

At the heart of the concern lies a feedback loop. Recommendation engines are, in essence, pattern-matchers: they learn our preferences by observing our choices and then serve content that matches them. The more we click on a category, the more of it we receive, and the narrower the window of exposure becomes. This is not merely a matter of taste; it shapes what we come to regard as "normal," "interesting," or even "true." When every recommendation confirms an existing inclination, the cognitive act of encountering a genuinely unfamiliar perspective becomes rarer — not because it has vanished from the world, but because it has been filtered out before it can reach us.

Proponents argue that users retain agency: they can seek out what they want. The counterargument is subtler. Agency presupposes awareness of the options that exist. If the menu itself is curated by a system optimized for our past selves, then our choices, however free they feel, operate within boundaries we never see. One study found that participants who spent longer on a personalized feed reported higher immediate satisfaction yet scored lower on measures of information diversity — suggesting that comfort and breadth may trade off against each other.

The remedy, researchers suggest, is not to abandon algorithms, which are now too embedded in daily life to be removed, but to design them differently: to inject deliberate randomness, to expose users periodically to content their models predict they will dislike, and to make the invisible curation visible. The goal is not to make technology less helpful, but to ensure that helpfulness does not become a quiet cage.

32.What does the author imply about recommendation engines?A. They are neutral tools with no side effects.B. They can narrow users' exposure to new ideas.C. They mainly benefit content creators.D. They reduce the total amount of information.

33.According to the "counterargument" in paragraph 3, why is user agency limited?A. Users are forced to click specific content.B. Users are unaware of the options that have been filtered out.C. Users prefer comfort over information diversity.D. Users cannot navigate personalized feeds.

34.The phrase "trade off against each other" in paragraph 3 means ____.A. reinforce each other　B. come at each other's expense　C. remain unrelated　D. develop together

35.What does the author propose as the remedy?A. Abandoning recommendation algorithms entirely.B. Redesigning algorithms to introduce surprise and transparency.C. Restricting users' time on personalized feeds.D. Returning to traditional media.

第二节（七选五，共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Most of us believe we are good listeners. In meetings, at dinner tables, across phone calls, we nod at the right moments and offer sympathetic sounds. Yet research on communication consistently reveals a sobering gap between how we think we listen and how we actually do.36Genuine listening is not a passive state; it is a demanding skill that most people never deliberately practice.

The first obstacle is the "agenda trap."37Instead of absorbing what the speaker is saying, we spend the airtime assembling our own response — rehearsing a better anecdote, planning a rebuttal, or waiting for the first pause to jump in. The speaker's words become raw material for our next turn rather than information to be understood.

A second barrier is what psychologists call "filters." We listen through the lens of our own assumptions, so we tend to hear what confirms our expectations and miss what contradicts them.38The result is that we frequently "hear" a conversation that never actually took place.

39It requires us to resist the urge to interrupt, to withhold judgment long enough for the speaker to finish, and to check our understanding by paraphrasing — "So what you're saying is…" — before offering our own view. Such reflection feels artificial at first, but it signals respect and sharply reduces misunderstanding.

Finally, listening well is an act of courage.40When we truly listen, we open ourselves to being changed, and that can be unsettling. Yet it is precisely this openness that transforms a conversation from a polite exchange of positions into an occasion for genuine discovery.

A. To genuinely listen, then, is to set aside the self.B. This is where the difficulty lies.C. Instead of truly listening, we are busy preparing what to say next.D. Real listening, in contrast, is an active and effortful discipline.E. A third barrier is the pressure to perform.F. We hear a point, quickly decide it matches what we believe, and mentally file it away.G. Because when we listen, we risk discovering that our own view is incomplete or wrong.

第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）

第一节 完形填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）

When I first moved into the narrow apartment building on Elm Street, I felt like a stranger in my own city. I had no idea that a single, seemingly41decision would change my life.

One Saturday morning, I was clearing out my storage room when I found an old box of books — mostly worn paperbacks my late grandfather had given me. Rather than42them away, I set the box by the front door with a handwritten note: "Free. Please take one."

By evening the box was43. What surprised me, though, was a small card left in its place. In neat handwriting, it read: "Thank you for the poetry collection. I once owned that edition. — R." The card44me deeply. I had no idea who R. was, but the note felt like a thread45me to someone I had never met.

The following weekend I left out another box, this time filled with novels and cookbooks, and again found a card the next day: "The tomato sauce recipe brought back my mother's kitchen. — R."46curiosity, I taped a reply to my own box: "R., would you like a cup of tea on Sunday?"

On Sunday, a gentle knock came. Standing at my door was Mrs. Rowan, the elderly woman from the fourth floor whom I had only ever47in the hallway. She smiled, holding one of my grandfather's books. "I am R.," she said softly. "I have lived48since my husband passed, and these books have been my company."

That winter our Sunday teas became a49. She taught me to bake her mother's bread, and I helped her carry groceries. Through her stories, I came to realize that the50old building was full of quiet lives waiting to be noticed — all because I had chosen to give away something rather than51it away. It struck me that the true gift was never the books. It was the52they created between two strangers.

Looking back, I understand that kindness, once53, has a way of multiplying. A box of old books54a door that I had not known was closed. Now, whenever I see a new face in the building, I remember Mrs. Rowan's lesson: the smallest gesture can55the loneliest corner of a heart.

2. A. impressive　B. insignificant　C. urgent　D. accidental
4. A. throwing　B. storing　C. collecting　D. burning
6. A. full　B. empty　C. broken　D. heavy
8. A. confused　B. touched　C. frightened　D. annoyed
10. A. separating　B. linking　C. comparing　D. pushing
12. A. Fueled by　B. Guarded against　C. Deprived of　D. Bothered with
14. A. greeted　B. noticed　C. welcomed　D. invited
16. A. happily　B. alone　C. comfortably　D. freely
18. A. burden　B. routine　C. challenge　D. mystery
20. A. shabby　B. modern　C. luxurious　D. remote
22. A. giving　B. throwing　C. storing　D. putting
24. A. distance　B. bond　C. silence　D. competition
26. A. shared　B. hidden　C. ignored　D. rejected
28. A. closed　B. opened　C. locked　D. painted
30. A. brighten　B. harden　C. burden　D. divide

第二节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）

The Twenty-Four Solar Terms, a system of knowledge56(develop) by ancient Chinese to guide agricultural production, were added to UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016. The system divides the year into 24 periods, each57(mark) by its own name that reflects seasonal changes and climate patterns.

58(base) on the sun's position along the ecliptic, the solar terms were remarkably accurate for their time. Farmers relied on them59(decide) when to sow, harvest and rest, and the terms still shape everyday life today: people eat dumplings at the Winter Solstice and honor the dead at Qingming.60is striking is how a practice created for the fields has become woven into urban culture,61(evolve) into a shared rhythm of food, festivals and reflection.

Although modern weather forecasting has reduced the terms' practical necessity, their cultural62(significant) has only grown. In 2022, the opening ceremony of the Winter Olympics in Beijing drew direct63(inspire) from the sequence of the solar terms. The display was a reminder that knowledge,64it is rooted in the distant past, can speak65(fresh) to the present.

第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）

第一节（满分 15 分）

假定你是李华，你校将于下月举办"中国文化周"(Chinese Culture Week)。请你给美国交换生 Peter 写一封邮件，邀请他参加，内容包括：

2. 活动时间、地点与安排；
4. 请他参与的活动并说明理由。

注意：1. 词数 80 左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

第二节 读后续写（满分 25 分）

阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

On a freezing December evening, the city was buried under the season's heaviest snowfall. Jack, a high school senior, was driving home slowly when he spotted a small, shivering figure huddled at a bus stop, clutching a worn handbag. He pulled over. An elderly woman in a thin coat stepped toward the car, her voice trembling with cold and relief. "Young man, I've been waiting over an hour. The buses have all stopped."

Jack insisted on driving her home. But as they approached the address on her ID card, a shocking realization struck: the house number no longer existed. In its place stood an empty lot, fenced off and covered in snow. The woman stared at the gap where her home had once been, her eyes filling with tears. "I moved out of that house twenty years ago," she whispered. "I live with my son now, but I can't remember his address. I only remember this one."

Jack's phone had no signal in the storm. The night was closing in, and the temperature was dropping fast.

Paragraph 1: "Don't worry, we'll figure this out together," Jack said, his voice steadier than he felt.

Paragraph 2: Hours later, sitting in a warm police station, the woman finally reached her son.

注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

三、参考答案

阅读理解

第一节：21A22B23B24B25A26B27C28B29B30B31B32B33B34B35B第二节（七选五）：36D37C38F39A40G

完形填空

41B42A43B44B45B46A47B48B49B50A51B52B53A54B55A

语法填空

56developed57marked58Based59to decide60What61evolving62significance63inspiration64though/although65freshly

写作（参考要点）

• 应用文：开头说明写信目的 → 介绍时间（下月/某周末）、地点（学校礼堂/操场）、安排（书法展、茶艺、戏剧表演等）→ 邀请 Peter 参与（如体验书法或担任文化分享嘉宾）并说明理由（亲身感受中国文化、增进交流）→ 期待回复。
• 读后续写：P1 可写 Jack 的镇定与行动（先开车找信号、把暖风开到最大、安慰老人）→ 最终驶向最近的派出所/加油站求助；P2 写警方帮老人联系到儿子，儿子赶来团聚，Jack 得到感激，结尾点题"善意在雪夜传递"。