中考阅读A篇，大多属于应用文（广告、活动通知、比赛招募），几乎全部是细节理解题，很少考深层主旨推断。命题特点：答案几乎都能在原文直接定位找到，不需要深度读懂整篇文章，核心是找关键词，回原文定位比对。
本篇真题是一则铁路创意比赛招募广告，5道题全部为细节类题型。
完整原文&题目
COME TO WIN PRIZES THAT MONEY CANNOT BUY
If you love trains, railways or enjoy designing things, have a try at one of these great competitions. The competitions are for the 200‑year anniversary (周年纪念日) of the first passenger journey on the Stockton and Darlington Railway. This journey, in 1825, is regarded as the birth of the modern railway.
London North Eastern Railway (LNER) and the National Railway Museum are asking young people to share their wonderful ideas of what the next 200 years of rail would look like.
There are some fantastic prizes to be won that you cannot get anywhere else, including a ride in the driver’s cab（驾驶室）of a high‑speed train.
Design a uniform of the future
For those aged 11 and under
Design a uniform for someone who works on the railway. For example, this could be for a train manager, a driver, etc.
Winner’s prizes: A real‑life uniform of your winning design made by LNER’s uniform supplier (供应商), and first‑class LNER tickets for you and your family.
Design a train of the future
For ages 12 to 17
This is your chance to design a train for the future. But what makes a great train? The first thing to consider is the outside. Will the train be stylish? Don’t forget that the inside of the train is important, too. Where will people sit, store their luggage (行李), go to the toilet, charge (充电) their phones, and where will they get their food and drink?
Winner’s prizes: A train ride, a driver simulator (模拟器) experience, and first‑class LNER tickets for you and your family.
How to enter
The competitions close on August 31, 2025.
Visit Inr. co./rail200 for more information. Good luck!
11. Why are the competitions held?
A. To celebrate the 200 years of the first rail journey.
B. To encourage more teenagers to take LNER trains.
C. To raise money for those who work on the railway.
D. To prepare for the 200‑year anniversary of the museum.
12. Who will most probably win the uniform designing competition?
A. Mary,10 I’m interested in making clothes.
B. Henry,11 I enjoy taking bus rides.
C. John,12 My favorite subject is art.
D. Annie,17 I like making new things.
13. Which of the following pictures are mentioned in the train design?
①座椅座位 ②台灯 ③马桶卫生间 ④餐食吧台
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④
14. What do the two competitions have in common?
A. Passengers’ convenience should be considered.
B. A driving experience will be provided for the winners.
C. The inside and the outside of the train should be designed.
D. The winners will get free train tickets for the whole family.
15. In which part of a magazine can we probably read the text?
A. News. B. Photo. C. Story. D. Advertisement.
参考答案：11.A 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.D
一、中考A篇应用文核心做题4步法
⚠️A篇不要逐字通读全文！先看题干，划关键词，回原文定位，比对选项。
步骤1：圈题干关键词
关键词优先找：大写、数字、人名、时间、名词、特殊问句词why/who/what。
不用翻译整道题干，抓定位词即可。
步骤2：回原文定位，锁定句子
拿着关键词回到文章，找到一模一样/同义改写的句子，答案就在这句话或者前后一两句话。
中考A篇绝大多数题：答案句和题目顺序是一致的，题11答案在文章开头，12题往下，13再往下，顺序不会乱，这叫“题文同序原则”。
步骤3：选项和原文逐词比对
✅正确选项：原文原句改写，意思完全匹配。
❌错误选项：
1. 无中生有：原文完全没提到；
2. 张冠李戴：把A比赛的条件安到B比赛；
3. 偷换细节：改动年龄、对象、奖品。
步骤4：排除法，快速划掉明显错误项
二、逐题实战演示
第11题 Why… 为什么举办比赛？
题干关键词：competitions held
原文定位： The competitions are for the 200‑year anniversary of the first passenger journey
👉举办比赛是为了纪念第一次铁路客运200周年。
- A：To celebrate the 200 years of the first rail journey ✅
- B 鼓励青少年坐火车，原文没提；
- C 为铁路工人筹钱，无中生有；
- D 博物馆200周年，原文是铁路旅程，不是博物馆，偷换概念。
技巧：看到why问目的，找原文 for / to do 表示目的的句子。
第12题 Who…谁最可能赢得制服设计比赛
题干关键词：uniform designing competition
原文定位： Design a uniform of the future For those aged 11 and under
要求：年龄≤11岁，任务是设计铁路制服。
- A Mary，10岁，对做衣服感兴趣 ✅（年龄符合，能力匹配）
- B Henry11岁，但爱好坐公交车，和设计制服无关；
- C John12、D Annie17，年龄超出11及以下，直接排除。
⚠️高频坑：应用文一定要看限制条件（年龄、时间、对象），很多选项内容看着合理，但条件不匹配直接淘汰。
第13题 图文转换，哪些事物在火车设计里提到
定位原文： Where will people sit, store their luggage, go to the toilet, charge their phones, and where will they get their food and drink?
- sit →①乘客座位；
- go to the toilet →③马桶卫生间；
- get their food and drink →④餐食吧台；
②台灯，原文完全没有提到。
选 C.①③④
新考法图文转换：把文字描述，对应图片，原文没出现的事物直接排除。
第14题 两场比赛共同点
两场比赛：①设计制服（11岁及以下）；②设计未来火车（12‑17岁）
看两处奖品：
制服赛奖品： first‑class LNER tickets for you and your family
火车赛奖品： first‑class LNER tickets for you and your family
👉共同点：获胜者全家都可以得到一等火车票。
- D. The winners will get free train tickets for the whole family ✅
- A：乘客便利，只在设计火车那一篇提到，制服比赛不涉及；
- B驾驶体验，只有火车设计比赛有；
- C内外都要设计，只针对火车设计，制服比赛没有。
技巧：找“共同点”，两个段落都同时出现的信息才是答案，只在其中一段出现的，不能选。
15题 文章出处（文章体裁）
整篇是比赛招募、宣传、介绍奖品、报名方式，属于广告Advertisement。选D。
小技巧：看到有比赛、奖品、报名网址、截止日期，文体大概率是广告。
三、A篇应用文高频丢分3个坑
1. ❌通读整篇再做题，浪费大量时间。
正确做法：先看题干，带着问题回文中找信息。
2. ❌忽略限制条件：年龄、时间、参赛对象，看着意思对，条件不匹配，依旧是错项。
3. ❌“共同点”类题目，只看其中一段，没有核对两个段落。
四、做题总结口诀
中考A篇看广告，不用通篇读完整；
题干划出关键词，回文定位找原句；
数字年龄要留意，张冠李戴要分清；
共同点题两处看，只出现一处不能选。
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