外刊真题题源泛读10:解决食物浪费的良方--少丢弃,多回收(B篇题源 2022年6月新高考一卷)

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外刊真题题源泛读10：解决食物浪费的良方--少丢弃，多回收（B篇题源 2022年6月新高考一卷）

私家英语

一、基础信息表

二、主要内容

作者以自身芝麻菜腐烂的生活小事开篇，引出全球食物浪费问题。全球每年近 8 亿人遭受饥饿，大量完好食材被丢弃，田间滞销果蔬、超市外形瑕疵蔬菜、餐厅过量剩菜都是浪费重灾区。文中指出粮食生产耗费大量水资源、燃料，食物浪费等同于加剧温室气体排放，若食物浪费单独算作国家，温室排放量全球第三，仅次于中美。文章介绍华盛顿 DC 中央厨房公益项目，机构每周回收一万五千磅富余食材，收集捐赠蔬果、外形受损农产品、田间遗弃粮食，经清洗加工做成餐食分发给困难人群，以草莓回收加工举例展示食物抢救模式，呼吁大众践行 “少丢弃、多回收” 的四字解决办法。

三、英文原文（760 词）

A Four-Word Remedy for Food Waste: Toss Less, Salvage More BY SUSAN GOLDBERG EDITOR IN CHIEF PUBLISHED MARCH 1, 2016 • 2 MIN READ Here nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, what can one person do to prevent food from going to waste? Plenty.

The arugula tripped me up. Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then my husband did. Then friends called with an impromptu dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula turned to green goop. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.

In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is trashed—from produce left to rot in the fields to “ugly” (but quite edible) vegetables rejected by grocers to massive amounts of uneaten, too big portions scraped into restaurant garbage bins.

Producing food that no one eats squanders the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental issue. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world, after China and the U.S.”

That’s hard to get your mind around. So let’s keep it as simple as that green goop at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin, Jr., sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it’s more like 12 pallets of donated strawberries nearing their last days.

Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which each week recovers about 15,000 pounds of food and turns it into healthy meals. DCCK finds this bounty everywhere. In fiscal year 2014 it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations, collecting misshapen and blemished produce, and gleaning at local farms where food otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dehydrate them for use in meals down the road.

四、生词中英文梳理

arugula /əˈruːɡjələ/n. 芝麻菜 

impromptu /ɪmˈprɒmptjuː/adj. 临时的，即兴的 

goop /ɡuːp/n. 黏糊糊腐烂物

moral grain 道德底线 

jaw-dropping adj. 令人震惊的 

edible /ˈedəbl/adj. 可食用的 

scrape /skreɪp/v. 刮掉，倒掉

squander /ˈskwɒndə/v. 浪费，挥霍 

greenhouse gases 温室气体 

pallet /ˈpælət/n. 货盘，整箱托盘 

fiscal year 财年，财政年度 

misshapen /ˌmɪsˈʃeɪpən/adj. 畸形的，外形不好看的

blemished /ˈblemɪʃt/adj. 有瑕疵的 

glean /ɡliːn/v. 捡拾（田间剩余粮食）

dehydrate /ˌdiːˈhaɪdreɪt/v. 脱水，烘干 

salvage /ˈsælvɪdʒ/v. 回收利用，抢救

五、全文完整翻译

解决食物浪费的四字良方：少丢弃，多回收 

作者：苏珊・戈德堡（主编）

发布时间：2016 年 3 月 1 日 全球每年近 8 亿人忍受饥饿，普通人能做些什么减少食物浪费？办法有很多。

那把芝麻菜让我懊恼不已。和大多数人一样，我一直留意避免浪费食物。原本打算用芝麻菜做清爽沙拉，搭配烤鸡晚餐。可我接连加班，丈夫也晚归，朋友又临时约我聚餐。我把烤鸡冻进冰箱，芝麻却一天天放烂，变成黏糊糊的绿泥。更糟的是我当初毫无节制买了一大堆，扔掉的量够做六份沙拉。

伊丽莎白・罗伊特在本月封面报道中写道：在每年近 8 亿人挨饿的世界里，浪费食物完全违背道德底线。完好食材被丢弃的数量触目惊心：田里烂掉的农作物、超市拒收的外形难看却完全能吃的蔬菜、餐厅大量吃不完的超大份菜品，全都被倒进垃圾桶。

种植无人食用的粮食，会白白消耗水资源、燃料与各类生产资源，因此食物浪费同时是环境难题。罗伊特写道：“倘若食物浪费单独算作一个国家，它的温室气体排放量将位居全球第三，仅次于中国和美国。”

这个数字很难直观理解，不妨看看我冰箱里那堆烂芝麻菜。迈克・柯廷每天都会遇见同类事，只是他面对的是 12 托盘即将过期捐赠草莓。

柯廷是华盛顿特区中央厨房的首席执行官，该机构每周回收约一万五千磅食材，加工成健康餐食。食材来源十分广泛。2014 财年，机构累计回收超 807500 磅食物：接收民众捐赠、收购外形残缺蔬果、去田间捡拾本会腐烂的农作物。那些草莓如何处理？志愿者清洗切块，冷冻或脱水保存，后续做成餐食供给有需要的人。

六、语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nearly 800 million people worldwide go hungry every year, 56 makes food waste a serious moral problem. The author once bought too much arugula, which ended up 57 (rot) into smelly goop. Large quantities of good food 58 (throw) away daily, including ugly vegetables refused by supermarkets. Food production 59 (consume) huge water and fuel resources, so waste leads to heavy gas emissions. If food waste 60 (treat) as a country, it would rank third in greenhouse gas output. Mike Curtin runs a kitchen 61 (recover) leftover food. In 2014, his organization collected over 800,500 pounds of food, 62 (main) from farms and donations. Volunteers process strawberries 63 freeze them for future meals. It is our duty 64 (reduce) waste and treasure food, 65 simple acts can change the whole world.

【参考答案】

1. which
2. rotting
3. are thrown
4. consumes
5. were treated
6. to recover
7. mainly
8. and
9. to reduce
10. that

逐题详细解析

1. which 
   【考点：无提示词・非限制性定语从句】 句意：全球每年近 8 亿人挨饿，这让食物浪费成为严峻道德问题。      解析：which 指代前面整件主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句。
2. rotting 
   【考点：有提示词・现在分词（非谓语）】 句意：作者曾大量购买芝麻菜，最后全都腐烂发臭。 解析：固定搭配 end      up doing sth.，用现在分词作宾语。
3. are thrown 
   【考点：有提示词・一般现在时被动语态】 句意：每天大量完好食物被丢弃，其中包括超市拒收外形不佳的蔬菜。 解析：主语 food 与 throw 是被动，描述日常现状，复数主语用 are thrown。
4. consumes 
   【考点：有提示词・一般现在时（时态主谓一致）】 句意：粮食生产消耗大量水和燃料，浪费会加剧温室气体排放。 解析：主语 production 单数，客观事实用三单 consumes。
5. were treated 
   【考点：有提示词・虚拟语气过去时被动】 句意：如果把食物浪费视作一个国家，其温室排放全球第三。 解析：与现在事实相反的虚拟条件，从句用一般过去时被动。
6. to recover 
   【考点：有提示词・不定式作目的状语】 句意：迈克经营一家机构，专门回收富余食材。 解析：不定式 to      recover 表开办厨房的目的。
7. mainly 
   【考点：有提示词・形容词变副词词形转换】 句意：2014 年该组织回收八十多万磅食材，主要来自农场与民间捐赠。      解析：修饰动词 collected，形容词 main 变为副词 mainly。
8. and 
   【考点：无提示词・并列连词】 句意：志愿者处理草莓，冷冻保存供后续餐食使用。 解析：wash, cut 与 free 是并列动作，用 and 连接。
9. to reduce 
   【考点：有提示词・不定式作真正主语】 句意：减少浪费、珍惜粮食是我们的责任。 解析：固定句型 It is      one’s duty to do sth.。
10. that 
    【考点：无提示词・强调句型引导词】 句意：正是微小行动，能够改变整个世界。 解析：It is ...that 标准强调句式，强调主语 simple acts。