【第132期 高考真题剖析】2024新课标卷Ⅰ |语法填空|人与自我&文化科技|高频词汇|模拟两篇

（欢迎关注：不忘初心，聚天下英语教育英才，为基础教育做贡献。牢记使命：研究开发中外教育理念，提升学生成绩）

高考英语解剖｜2024新课标卷Ⅰ｜语法填空｜人与社会·建筑园艺｜高频词汇｜模拟真题两篇

��题型定位：语法填空｜高考必考15分题型，满分性价比TOP1

��核心主题：人与社会·建筑园艺（高考经典题材，涵盖特色建筑、园林艺术、植物培育、文化交融、古代商贸路线，新高考卷偏爱此类人与自然、中外文化结合类语篇）

��本次题库：2024新课标卷Ⅰ官方真题 + 考点变式精练 + 2篇高三地市统考真题（附出处+答案+逐题解析）

��备考导语：建筑与园艺类语篇是新高考高频出题方向，文章逻辑清晰、生词集中且重复率高，考点偏向词性转换、非谓语、时态、固定介词搭配，整体难度适中。本篇深度拆解2024新课标卷Ⅰ原版真题，全方位剖析命题逻辑，汇总园艺建筑专属高频词汇，搭配针对性变式训练与同源模拟题，帮同学们轻松拿捏此类题型满分套路！

01 2024新课标卷Ⅰ｜真题整体解读

▶ 真题来源：2024年普通高等学校招生全国新课标Ⅰ卷

▶ 文章出处：国外建筑园艺类权威外刊报道

▶ 文章主题：人与社会·建筑园艺。文章围绕英国伍尔贝丁花园新型玻璃温室展开，介绍这座兼顾实用性与艺术性的特色温室建筑；同时详解园内丝路花园的设计理念，讲述古代丝绸之路如何将各类植物传入英国，深远影响英国园林艺术，印证丝路文化对西方园艺发展的重要价值。

▶ 难度评级：⭐⭐（中档基础题，少量专业园艺词汇，句式常规，适配高一至高三全体高中生）

▶ 核心考点：词性转换（名词/形容词）、非谓语动词、形容词作表语、一般现在时主谓一致、冠词、名词复数、固定介词搭配、定语从句，覆盖园艺建筑类语篇所有必考语法点。

02 2024新课标卷Ⅰ｜语法填空原题（15分）

Cloze（满分15分，共10空｜高考原题）

Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.

The latest 1____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2____ (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel "sepals" made of glass and aluminium. These sepals open on warm days 3____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4____ (close) to protect the plants.

Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6____ first time. These plants included modern Western 7____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.

The Glasshouse stands 8____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing the steps along the Silk Route 9____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10____ (rich) of gardening in England.

03 真题全文｜中文精准翻译

赫斯维克工作室近日在英国国民信托基金会旗下的伍尔贝丁花园边缘，打造了一座新型温室。这座名为“玻璃屋”的精美建筑，坐落于一座新式园林的核心位置。该园林直观展现了即便在现代社会，丝绸之路依旧深刻影响着英国园林的设计风格。

设计师运用顶尖工程技术，打造出这座兼具防护性、实用性与观赏性的特色建筑。温室设计包含十片由玻璃与铝材打造的钢制“萼片”。气候温暖时，萼片自动开启，为内部植物提供充足光照与新鲜空气；天气寒冷时，萼片保持闭合状态，为植物抵御严寒。

除此之外，温室周边的丝路花园带领游客沉浸式体验古老丝绸之路的文化旅程。古时，丝绸与大量珍稀植物正是经由这条路线，首次传入英国。其中就包含迷迭香、薰衣草、茴香等如今深受西方人喜爱的园艺植物。园内还设有蜿蜒步道，串联起丝绸之路途经的十二个地区，步道沿途可供观赏的植物品类超300种。

这座玻璃温室堪称当代建筑设计的杰出成果。它培育着中国西南地区的特色植物，复刻了古代丝路的传播轨迹；正是依托丝绸之路，这些亚洲原生植物远渡重洋，最终丰富并塑造了英国多元化的园艺风貌。

04 真题标准答案｜速记版

1. engineering ; 2. functional ; 3. to give ; 4. closed ; 5. walks

6. the ; 7. favourites ; 8. as ; 9. that/which ; 10. richness

05 逐题精细化解析｜吃透考点

1. engineering【词性转换｜名词作定语】

解析：空格修饰后面名词techniques（技术），名词可作定语表类别；固定专有搭配engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，故填engineering。

2. functional【词性转换｜形容词作定语】

解析：空格前后protective与structure分别为形容词和名词，结合并列结构可知，此处需要形容词与protective并列修饰structure；function对应的形容词为functional（实用的、功能性的）。

3. to give【非谓语动词｜不定式作目的状语】

解析：句意：温暖天气下萼片开启，目的是为内部植物提供阳光与空气。不定式置于句末，表动作实施的目的，属于高考高频必考用法，故填to give。

4. closed【形容词｜作表语】

解析：stay为系动词，后接形容词作表语；此处表示建筑处于“闭合的”状态，closed adj. 关闭的、闭合的，符合语境。

5. walks【主谓一致｜一般现在时】

解析：全篇为客观介绍建筑园林，时态统一为一般现在时；主语the Silk Route Garden为单数名词，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式walks。

6. the【冠词｜固定序数词搭配】

解析：语法固定规则：序数词first/second/third前，必须加定冠词the；固定短语for the first time 第一次。

7. favourites【名词｜可数名词复数】

解析：后文列举迷迭香、薰衣草、茴香多种植物，指代多项受人喜爱的事物；favourite作可数名词，此处用复数形式favourites。

8. as【介词｜固定搭配】

解析：高考高频固定搭配stand as，意为“堪称；作为；被视作”，用来评价人或事物的地位与价值。

9. that/which【定语从句｜限制性定语从句】

解析：空格引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the Silk Route（事物），关系词在从句中作主语，that、which均可使用。

10. richness【词性转换｜名词作宾语】

解析：定冠词the后、介词of前，必须填入名词；rich对应的抽象名词为richness，意为“丰富性、富饶”。

06 高频必背词汇&短语｜考场直接用

•核心单词（真题必背）：greenhouse n. 温室｜structure n. 建筑；结构｜aluminium n. 铝｜separate adj. 分开的｜winding adj. 蜿蜒的｜contemporary adj. 当代的｜habitat n. 栖息地

•必考短语（默写掌握）：at the edge of 在……边缘｜at the centre of 在……中心｜apply techniques 应用技术｜for the first time 第一次｜stand as 堪称；视作｜retrace the steps 追溯轨迹

•语法固定搭配：engineering techniques 工程技术｜stay + adj. 保持某种状态｜for the first time 首次｜the + 序数词｜stand as + 名词｜the richness of ……的丰富性

07 变式精练｜针对真题易错考点（单句填空）

训练目标：专攻词性转换、非谓语、系动词用法、主谓一致、定语从句五大建筑园艺类高频易错考点

1. Modern ______ (engineer) equipment greatly improves garden maintenance efficiency.

2. This simple but ______ (function) design is popular among garden designers.

3. Farmers open the shelter ______ (provide) enough water and sunlight for crops.

4. The botanical garden ______ (lead) tourists to explore diverse exotic plants every year.

5. The ancient road ______ connects Asia and Europe promoted plant exchange.

变式答案+简要解析：1. engineering（名词作定语，工程设备）2. functional（形容词修饰名词design）3. to provide（不定式作目的状语）4. leads（单数主语，一般现在时三单）5. that/which（限制性定语从句指代事物）

08 配套统考模拟真题（2篇｜同难度｜带官方出处）

模拟真题一（园林建筑｜2025广东深圳高三二模）

Traditional Chinese gardens are treasures of ancient Chinese architecture, 1______ combine natural scenery and artificial design perfectly. Different from Western gardens that focus on symmetry, Chinese gardens attach great importance to natural beauty.

The 2______ (origin) design concept of Chinese gardens dates back to ancient Taoist philosophy. Ancient scholars desired 3______ (pursue) inner peace and live in harmony with nature, so they created gardens to escape from noisy secular life.

A typical Chinese garden usually consists of ponds, rockeries, pavilions and various plants. All elements 4______ (careful) arranged to simulate natural landscapes. The winding paths and hidden scenic spots make visitors feel as if they 5______ (enter) a real natural paradise.

Nowadays, numerous classical gardens 6______ (preserve) well across China, such as the famous Suzhou Gardens. These gardens not only serve as tourist attractions but also living witnesses 7______ traditional Chinese culture.

Experts suggest that we should balance development and protection. We are supposed to explore innovative ways 8______ (integrate) classical garden culture into modern urban construction. With continuous inheritance and innovation, traditional garden culture will gain much 9______ (great) influence worldwide in 10______ upcoming years.

参考答案：1. which 2. original 3. to pursue 4. are carefully 5. had entered 6. are preserved 7. to 8. to integrate 9. greater 10. the

核心解析（重点空）：1. which：非限制性定语从句，指代中式园林；2. original：形容词作定语，原始设计理念；3. to pursue：固定搭配desire to do sth.；6. are preserved：一般现在时被动语态，园林被保护；10. the：固定搭配in the upcoming years 在未来几年。

模拟真题二（植物文化｜2025四川成都高三期末）

The exchange of ornamental plants has long been an important part of cultural communication between the East and the West. The ancient Silk Road, one of the world’s oldest trade routes, played a vital role in the cross-border spread of plant species.

During the Han and Tang dynasties, dozens of exotic plants 1______ (introduce) to China via the Silk Road. At the same time, unique Chinese plants gradually made 2______ (they) way to Europe and Africa. These plant exchanges not only enriched people’s daily life but also reshaped the gardening style of many 3______ (country).

In the past, plant spread relied heavily 4______ manual transportation and long-distance trade. Today, with the rapid development of global logistics and international trade, plant circulation has become 5______ (convenient) than ever before. More rare plant species can be shared by garden lovers around the globe.

It is widely acknowledged 6______ plant exchange is a silent form of cultural dialogue. Every plant carries local history and customs. 7______ (learn) the origin and cultural meaning of ornamental plants helps us understand diverse cultures better.

Currently, relevant organizations are committed to 8______ (standard) the cross-border plant trading rules to avoid ecological risks. Meanwhile, botanists are making joint efforts 9______ (protect) endangered plant species and promote sustainable 10______ (develop) of global gardening industry.

参考答案：1. were introduced 2. their 3. countries 4. on 5. more convenient 6. that 7. Learning 8. standardizing 9. to protect 10. development

核心解析（重点空）：1. were introduced：一般过去时被动语态，植物被引进；2. their：固定搭配make one’s way to 前往；4. on：固定搭配rely on 依靠；7. Learning：动名词作句子主语；8. standardizing：固定搭配be committed to doing sth.。