我们统计了近五年(2026年真题等官方发布, 暂不包含在内)北京卷和全国卷的90道应用文真题，整理出最常考的5类话题。掌握这些话题和表达，等于提前储备了"正确答案"。
TOP5 高频话题总览
这是北京卷和全国卷都最爱考的话题，尤其是夏令营、青年领袖项目、语言交换、志愿者项目等。
真题例证：2025北京高考真题TransForm 夏令营
Join us for TransForm, the interactive summer camp that helps you teens find your passion by participating in various activities and connecting with others.
Experience TransForm
TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. However, if you are unsure what track you want, you still get to explore any workshop you want as part of our Explore Workshops. Besides, your parents will also be able to participate in workshops selected just for them to learn about cutting-edge science.
Schedule of Programming
Programming Tracks
· Agricultural Science: Introducing you to areas such as biology, urban farming, and environmental science so that you can explore the field of agriculture
· Community Booster: Guiding you to develop innovative solutions for real-world challenges and create transformative progress to benefit all communities
· Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles
· Science Lab: Leading you to explore the skills you need to succeed in life in key areas like computer science, robotics, and physics
21. TransForm allows the teens to _____.
A. select workshops for their parents
B. prepare track topics for the camp
C. design programme activities
D. attend hands-on sessions
22. According to the schedule, which activity can the teens participate in?
A. Keynote Speech on 17 July.
B. Youth Panel on 18 July.
C. Celebration on 19 July.
D. Programme Showcase on 20 July.
23. What can the teens do in the Programming Tracks?
A. Build urban communities.
B. Serve as guides on a farm.
C. Learn about healthy living.
D. Volunteer in a science lab.
结构：Experience TransForm→Schedule of Programming→Programming Tracks
考点：活动内容、日程安排、课程方向
21.根据“Experience TransForm”部分“TransForm allows you to get to focus on your chosen track through subject matter talks, hands-on workshops, and off-site experiences. (TransForm 让你通过主题演讲、实践工作坊和实地体验, 专注于你选择的方向)”可知, TransForm 允许青少年参加实践课程。故选D。
22.根据“Schedule of Programming”中的安排, 18 July 的活动安排里有“13:00-14:15 Youth Panel (13:00-14:15 青少年小组讨论)”, 所以青少年可以在 18 日参加青少年小组讨论活动。故选B。
23. 根据“Programming Tracks”部分“Healthy Living: Empowering you to make healthy decisions in such areas as nutrition and emotional well-being, and lead healthy lifestyles (健康生活: 让你在营养和心理健康等方面做出健康的决定, 并引领健康的生活方式)”可知, 青少年在Programming Tracks中可以学习关于健康生活的知识。故选C。
⭐必背表达⭐
sign up / register / apply for
报名参加
requirement / qualification / eligibility
要求/资格
deadline / due date
截止日期
accommodation / fee / tuition
住宿/费用/学费
workshop / session / programme
工作坊/课程/项目
TOP2: 旅游/出行/住宿
全国卷更偏此类，常见餐厅推荐、旅馆介绍、景点指南、交通方式等。
真题例证：2023全国甲卷真题Where to Eat in Bangkok
Bangkok is a highly desirable destination for food lovers. It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options. Here are some suggestions on where to start your Bangkok eating adventure.
Nahm
Offering Thai fine dining. Nahm provides the best of Bangkok culinary (烹饪的) experiences. It’s the only Thai restaurant that ranks among the top 10 of the word’s 50 best restaurants list. Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
Issays Stamese Club
Issaya Siamese Club is internationally known Thai chef Lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. The menu in this beautiful colonial house includes traditional Thai cuisine combined with modern cooking methods.
Bo. tan
Bo. tan has been making waves in Bangkok’s culinary sense since it opened in 2009. Serving hard-to-find Thai dishes in an elegant atmosphere, the restaurant is true to Thai cuisine’s roots, yet still manages to add a special twist. This place is good for a candlelit dinner or a work meeting with colleagues who appreciate fine food. For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu.
Gaggan
Earning first place on the latest “Asia’s 50 best restaurants” list, progressive Indian restaurant Gaggan is one of the most exciting venues(场所) to arrive in Bangkok in recent years. The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. Culinary theater at its best.
21. What do Nahm and Issaya Siamese Club have in common?
A. They adopt modern cooking methods.
B. They have branches in London.
C. They have top-class chefs.
D. They are based in hotels.
22. Which restaurant offers a large set menu?
A. Gaggan.
B. Bo. tan.
C. Issaya Siamese Club.
D. Nahm.
23. What is special about Gaggan?
A. It hires staff from India.
B. It puts on a play every day.
C. It serves hard-to-find local dishes.
D. It shows the cooking process to guests.
结构：Nahm→Issaya Siamese Club→Bo. tan→Gaggan (并列式餐厅推荐)
考点：餐厅共同点、套餐特色、独特之处
21. 根据小标题Nahm下的段落中“Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his Loodon-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. (主厨大卫·汤普森在伦敦的同名泰国餐厅获得了米其林一星, 他于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这家分店)”以及小标题Issays Stamese Club下的段落中“Issaya Siamese Club is intematoionally know Thai chef lan Kittichai’s first flagship Bangkok restaurant. (Issaya Siamese Club是国际知名的泰国厨师lan Kittichai的第一家曼谷旗舰餐厅)”可知, Nahm和Issaya Siamese Club的共同之处是他们都有一流的厨师。故选C。
22. 根据小标题Bo. tan下的段落中“For those extremely hungry there’s a large set menu. (对于那些极度饥饿的人来说，这里有一份很大的套餐)”可知, Bo. tan提供大型套餐。故选B。
23. 根据小标题Gaggan下的段落中“The best table in this two-story colonial Thai home offers a window right into the kitchen, where you can see chef Gaggan and his staff in action. (在这座两层殖民时期的泰国住宅中, 最好的桌子有一扇通往厨房的窗户, 在那里你可以看到Gaggan厨师和他的员工在工作)”可知, Gaggan的特别之处是它向客人展示了烹饪过程。故选D。
destination / attraction / venue
目的地/景点/场所
admission / entrance fee / ticket
门票/入场费
reservation / book in advance
预订/提前预订
discount / reduced price
折扣/降价
guided tour / round trip
导游/往返
TOP3：教育/学习
北京卷偏此类，多为课程、项目、评分政策、学习支持等。
真题例证：2022新课标I卷真题Grading Policies
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook.
B. An exam paper.
C. A course plan.
D. An academic article.
22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two.
B. Three.
C. Four.
D. Five.
23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero.
B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test.
D. You will have to rewrite it.
结构：Grading Scale→Essays→Group Assignments→Daily Work→Late Work
考点：文章来源、成绩构成、迟交后果
21.根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知, 文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法, 可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。
22. 根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知, 学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B。
23. 根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知, 如果在截止日期后一周才交文章, 你将会得零分。故选A。
⭐必背表达⭐
credit / assignment / essay
学分/作业/论文
attendance / participation
出勤/参与
deadline / submit / late work
截止日期/提交/迟交
evaluation / assessment / grade
评估/成绩
syllabus / curriculum / course plan
教学大纲/课程计划
TOP4：文化/艺术/娱乐
剧院、展览、艺术节、音乐剧等，常考活动类型和参与方式。
真题例证：2024全国甲卷真题ARTS FIRST
Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community's artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages.
Light Awash in Watercolor
Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition ofAmerican Watercolors 1880-1990: Into the Light.
Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity
From webs to cocoons, invertebrates (无脊椎动物) create some of nature's most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.
Wheel Throwing
Join instructors from the Ceramics Program and great potters from Quincy, Cabot and Mather Houses for demonstrations using the potter's wheel. Then create your own masterpiece!
Knitting and Pom-Pom Making
Join the Harvard Undergraduate Knitting Circle to make pom-poms and tassels out of thread, or pick up a pair of needles and learn to knit (编织).
21. What do we know about ARTS FIRST?
A. It is an exhibition of oil paintings.
B. It offers art courses for all ages.
C. It presents recreational activities.
D. It is a major tourist attraction.
22. Which program will you join if you're interested in drawing pictures?
A. Light Awash in Watercolor.
B. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity.
C. Wheel Throwing.
D. Knitting and Pom-Pom Making.
23. What can you do together with Javier Marin?
A. Practice a traditional dance.
B. Make handcrafts.
C. Visit a local museum.
D. Feed invertebrates.
结构:
festival 介绍→Light Awash in Watercolor→Spineless Artists→Wheel Throwing→Knitting
考点：活动性质、适合绘画的项目、能做什么
21. 根据文章第一段的“We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making' activities. (我们期待着您的到来, 我们将通过表演、艺术展览和艺术创作活动来展示哈佛艺术界的创造力。)”以及下文的四个小标题“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”; “Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (没有骨气的艺术家:无脊椎的创造力)”; “Wheel Throwing (投掷轮子)”和“Knitting and Pom-Pom Making (编织和制作毛绒球)”可推知, ARTS FI22.
22. 根据文章“Light Awash in Watercolor (水彩中的淡光)”部分中的“Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors 1880—1990: Into the Light. (与哈佛艺术博物馆材料实验室的专家一起了解水彩颜料的材料和质量。在即将到来的“1880—1990年美国水彩画: 进入光”展览中，尝试一下艺术家们使用的一些绘画技巧。)”可知，如果对画画感兴趣, 可以参加Light Awash in Watercolor。故选A。
23. 根据文章“Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity (无脊椎艺术家：无脊椎动物的创造力)”部分中的“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum ofHistory to learn how insects and other Natural invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft materials. (和哈佛历史博物馆的Javier Marin一起学习昆虫和其他自然无脊椎动物是如何跳舞、启发时尚和创造艺术的。同时用手工材料制作你自己的无脊椎艺术家。)”可知, 参与者能跟Javier Marin一起进行手工制作。故选B。
⭐必背表达⭐
performance / exhibition / show
表演/展览/演出
venue / theatre / gallery
场地/剧院/画廊
admission / premiere / opening
入场/首映/开幕
workshop / demonstration / hands-on
工作坊/演示/实践的
annual / festival / celebration
年度的/节日/庆典
TOP5：科技/环保/生活
近年新趋势，涉及绿色交通、智能设备、生态保护等。
真题例证：2025全国一卷
The greening of planes, trains and automobiles
Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation—which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport.
The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green.
This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke.
21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018?
A. 11.6%.
B. 45.1%.
C. 74.5%.
D. 86.1%.
22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily?
A. Planes.
B. Trucks.
C. Trains.
D. Ships.
23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition?
A. Limiting fuel consumption.
B. Putting more effort into renewables.
C. Improving energy efficiency.
D. Making electricity more affordable.
结构：交通排放问题→图表数据→不同交通方式绿色方案
考点：道路车辆排放占比、最易绿色化的交通方式、能源转型建议
21. 根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1%”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4%”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C。
22. 根据图表信息TRAINS—Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. (一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C。
23. 根据最后一段中““We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,” says Wipke. (Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B。
⭐必背表达⭐
emission / carbon / greenhouse gas
排放/碳/温室气体
renewable / sustainable / green energy
可再生的/可持续的/绿色能源
device / feature / function
设备/功能/作用
customize / setting / navigation
自定义/设置/导航
ecosystem / habitat / conservation
生态系统/栖息地/保护
高考应用文阅读, 本质上考的是“在结构化信息中快速找答案”的能力。
把90道真题按话题归类后你会发现: 考的永远是那几类话题, 变的只是文章细节。
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