2026年全国高考Ⅰ卷英语真题阅读理解D篇长难句分析

道阻且长，行则将至，行而不辍，未来可期；愿所有身在旅途者终能归家，愿所有前途迷茫者寻到方向；一应终末，皆为新生；未来再见！

【生词】

1. psychologist n.心理学家

2. conduct v.实施、进行、引导、表现；n.行为、举止；

3. cognitive adj.认识的、认知的

4. merely adv. 仅仅、只、无非是

【解析】

① A team of Cambridge psychologists是句子的主语，A team是主语核心词，of Cambridge psychologists是介词短语做后置定语，修饰team，说明团队的人员构成；其中Cambridge 是名词作前置定语，限定心理学家的所属机构，表示：剑桥大学的一个心理学家团队；conducted是谓语动词，an experiment做宾语，to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is是to do不定式结构做目的状语，修饰谓语动词conducted，属于to compare A with B结构，the cognitive effects of merely seeing art做compare的宾语，of merely seeing art是介词短语做后置定语，修饰the cognitive effects，seeing art是动名词短语，作介词of的宾语，merely是副词作程度状语，修饰动名词seeing，表示：仅仅是看艺术的认知效果；actively judging how beautiful it is做介词with的宾语，actively是副词作方式状语，修饰动名词judging，表示：主动地，how beautiful it is是how引导的宾语从句，作动名词judging 的逻辑宾语，说明评判的具体内容；it指代前文的art，做主语，is是系动词，beautiful做表语，意思是：积极地判断它有多漂亮；

【句子成分结构树状图】

[句子] A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.

├─── [主语] A team of Cambridge psychologists

│    ├─── [限定词] A

│    ├─── [核心名词] team

│    └─── [后置定语：介词短语] of Cambridge psychologists

│         ├─── [介词] of

│         └─── [宾语] Cambridge psychologists

│              ├─── [专有名词] Cambridge

│              └─── [核心名词] psychologists

├─── [谓语] conducted

├─── [宾语] an experiment

│    ├─── [限定词] an

│    └─── [核心名词] experiment

└─── [目的状语：不定式短语] to compare the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is

     ├─── [不定式标志] to

     ├─── [谓语] compare

     └─── [宾语] the cognitive effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is

          ├─── [核心名词短语] the cognitive effects

          │    ├─── [限定词] the

          │    ├─── [形容词] cognitive

          │    └─── [核心名词] effects

          └─── [后置定语：介词短语] of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is

               ├─── [介词] of

               └─── [宾语：并列结构] merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is

                    ├─── [比较项 A] merely seeing art

                    │    ├─── [副词] merely

                    │    ├─── [动名词] seeing

                    │    └─── [宾语] art

                    ├─── [介词] with

                    └─── [比较项 B] actively judging how beautiful it is

                         ├─── [副词] actively

                         ├─── [动名词] judging

                         └─── [宾语从句] how beautiful it is

                              ├─── [连接副词] how

                              ├─── [形容词] beautiful

                              ├─── [主语] it

                              └─── [系动词] is

【句意】剑桥大学的一个心理学家团队进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术与主动评判其美观程度这两种行为对认知产生的不同影响；

Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.

【生词】

1. artistic adj.艺术的、精美的

2. average adj.普通的、平均的、中等的；n.平局水平、平均数；v.平均为、平均达到；

3. abstract adj.抽象的、理论上的；n.摘要、梗概；

4. the control group 对照组

【解析】

① Among those是介词短语做状语，表示范围，表示：在那些人当中；the effect是主语，was是系动词，greater做表语，冒号，起解释说明的作用，引出后半句对greater effect的具体解释；意思是：在这些情况中，这种效果更为显著；

② those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group是解释分句，those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group是名词短语做主语，those是代词作核心主语，with an artistic hobby是介词短语作后置定语，修饰those，in the beauty group是介词短语作后置定语，进一步限定those的范围，表示：美感组中拥有艺术爱好的人；scored是谓语动词，over 25% higher是介词短语表示程度做状语，修饰谓语动词scored，on average是介词短语表示状语，修饰整个谓语，for abstract thinking是介词短语作状语，说明得分的方面，than those with an artistic hobby in the control group是than引导的比较状语从句，省略了谓语scored，与前面的 higher 呼应，构成比较结构，those：代词作比较状语从句的核心主语，with an artistic hobby是介词短语作后置定语，修饰those，in the control group是介词短语作后置定语，限定 those的范围，状语从句的意思是：比对照组里有艺术爱好的那些人；整个句子意思是：美感组中拥有艺术爱好的受试者，在抽象思维测试中的平均得分比对照组中拥有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上；

【句子成分结构树状图】

[句子] Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.

├─── [状语：介词短语] Among those

│    ├─── [介词] Among

│    └─── [宾语] those

├─── [主语] the effect

│    ├─── [限定词] the

│    └─── [核心名词] effect

├─── [系动词] was

├─── [表语] greater

└─── [同位语从句] those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.

     ├─── [主语] those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group

     │    ├─── [核心代词] those

     │    └─── [后置定语：介词短语] with an artistic hobby in the beauty group

     │         ├─── [介词] with

     │         └─── [宾语] an artistic hobby in the beauty group

     │              ├─── [限定词] an

     │              ├─── [形容词] artistic

     │              ├─── [核心名词] hobby

     │              └─── [后置定语：介词短语] in the beauty group

     │                   ├─── [介词] in

     │                   └─── [宾语] the beauty group

     │                        ├─── [限定词] the

     │                        ├─── [定语] beauty

     │                        └─── [核心名词] group

     ├─── [谓语动词] scored

     ├─── [程度状语] over 25% higher

     │    ├─── [介词短语] over 25%

     │    │    ├─── [介词] over

     │    │    └─── [数量短语] 25%

     │    └─── [副词比较级] higher

     ├─── [方式状语] on average

     │    ├─── [介词] on

     │    └─── [宾语] average

     ├─── [方面状语] for abstract thinking

     │    ├─── [介词] for

     │    └─── [宾语] abstract thinking

     │         ├─── [形容词] abstract

     │         └─── [核心名词] thinking

     └─── [比较状语] than those with an artistic hobby in the control group

          ├─── [连词] than

          └─── [比较对象] those with an artistic hobby in the control group

               ├─── [核心代词] those

               └─── [后置定语：介词短语] with an artistic hobby in the control group

                    ├─── [介词] with

                    └─── [宾语] an artistic hobby in the control group

                         ├─── [限定词] an

                         ├─── [形容词] artistic

                         ├─── [核心名词] hobby

                         └─── [后置定语：介词短语] in the control group

                              ├─── [介词] in

                              └─── [宾语] the control group

                                   ├─── [限定词] the

                                   ├─── [定语] control

                                   └─── [核心名词] group

【句意】在这些情况中，这种效果更为显著：美感组中拥有艺术爱好的受试者，在抽象思维测试中的平均得分比对照组中拥有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上；

【生词】

1. participant n.参加者、参与者；adj.参与的

2. average adj.普通的、平均的、中等的；n.平局水平、平均数；v.平均为、平均达到；

3. transformative adj.有改革能力的、起改造作用的

4. transcendent adj.卓越的、超常的、出类拔萃的

5. self-transcendent adj.自我超越的：超越自我的；

6. enlightened adj.开明的、文明的、有知识的；v.启迪、解释、照亮；

7. the control group 对照组

【解析】

① Across all participants是介词短语做范围状语，限定了整个句子结论的适用范围，表示：在所有参与者中；those in the beauty group是句子的主语，those是代词，指代前文提到的participants，in the beauty group是介词短语做后置定语，修饰those，表示：美容组的那群参与者；reported是谓语动词，an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings”做宾语，levels是核心宾语，an average of 23% 作前置定语，修饰 higher，说明平均高出23%，higher是形容词做定语，修饰level，of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” 是介词短语作后置定语，修饰levels，表示：美容组的人报告的“变革和自我超越的感觉”平均高出23%；

② such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired插入语，由破折号引出，作举例说明，对前面的 feelings 进行具体化，表示：如感动、豁然开朗和深受启发；

③ than the control group是介词短语做比较状语，前面的higher搭配，指出比较的对象是对照组；

【句子成分结构树状图】

[句子] Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group.

├───[状语：介词短语] Across all participants (在所有参与者中)

│   ├───[介词] Across

│   └───[宾语] all participants (所有参与者)

│       ├───[限定词] all

│       └───[核心名词] participants

├───[主语] those in the beauty group (美容组的那群参与者)

│   ├───[中心词] those

│   └───[后置定语：介词短语] in the beauty group (在美容组中)

│       ├───[介词] in

│       └───[宾语] the beauty group (美容组)

│           ├───[限定词] the

│           ├───[形容词] beauty

│           └───[核心名词] group

├───[谓语动词] reported (报告)

├───[宾语：名词短语] an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self‑transcendent feelings”

│   ├───[限定词] an

│   ├───[程度修饰语] average of 23% (平均23% – 修饰higher)

│   │   ├───[核心名词] average

│   │   └───[后置定语：介词短语] of 23%

│   │       ├───[介词] of

│   │       └───[数词] 23%

│   ├───[形容词比较级] higher (更高的–修饰levels)

│   ├───[核心名词] levels (水平)

│   └───[后置定语：介词短语] of “transformative and self‑transcendent feelings” (关于“变革性和自我超越性感受”)

│       ├───[介词] of

│       └───[宾语] “transformative and self‑transcendent feelings”

│           ├───[形容词] transformative

│           ├───[连词] and

│           ├───[形容词] self‑transcendent

│           └───[核心名词] feelings

├───[插入语：举例说明] — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — (例如：感到感动、顿悟和受到启发)

│   ├───[破折号] —

│   ├───[介词短语] such as (例如)

│   │   ├───[介词] such as

│   │   └───[宾语] feeling moved, enlightened and inspired (并列的动名词短语)

│   │       ├───[动名词] feeling (共同)

│   │       ├───[过去分词] moved

│   │       ├───[连词] and

│   │       ├───[过去分词] enlightened (隐含feeling)

│   │       └───[过去分词] inspired

│   └───[破折号] —

└───[比较状语：介词短语] than the control group (比对照组)

    ├───[介词] than

    └───[宾语] the control group (对照组)

        ├───[限定词] the

        ├───[形容词] control

        └───[核心名词] group

【句意】在所有参与者中，美容组报告“具有变革性和自我超越性的感受”（如感动、豁然开朗和深受启发）的水平平均比对照组高出23%；

【生词】

1. the control group 对照组

2. engagement n.约定、约会、聘用、参加、从事

3. abstract adj.抽象的、理论上的；n.摘要、梗概；

4. overall adj.全部的、总的、所有的；adv.全部、总共；

5. positivity n.积极性、确实

【解析】

① Importantly, however是副词做评注性状语，修饰整个主句，表明说话人对整个命题的态度，表示：然而，重要的是；

② the beauty group是句子的主语，did not report是谓语动词，feeling any happier than the control group是动名词做宾语，any happier是形容词做feeling的表语，than the control group是介词短语做比较状语，修饰happier，句子意思是：美容组并没有报告感觉自己比对照组更快乐；

③ suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience是现在分词短语做结果状语，that it was the engagement … from the experience是that引导的宾语从句，做现在分词suggesting的宾语，其中包含了一个强调句it was... that...结构，the engagement with beauty是被强调真正主语，with beauty是介词短语做后置定语修饰engagement，表示：对美的投入；influenced是谓语动词，abstract thinking做宾语，rather than any overall positivity from the experience是介词短语做并列对比状语，与前面被强调的the engagement with beauty形成对照，说明：不是…而是…；any overall positivity是核心名词，from the experience是介词短语做后置定语，修饰positivity，句子意思是：这表明影响抽象思维的是对美的投入，而非来自该体验的任何整体积极感受；

【句子成分结构树状图】

[句子]Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.

├───[评注性状语] Importantly (重要的是)

├───[连接状语] however (然而)

├───[主语] the beauty group (美容组)

│   ├───[限定词] the

│   ├───[形容词] beauty

│   └───[核心名词] group

├───[谓语动词] did not report (没有报告)

│   ├───[助动词] did

│   ├───[否定副词] not

│   └───[动词原形] report

├───[宾语：动名词短语] feeling any happier than the control group (感觉自己比对照组更快乐)

│   ├───[动名词] feeling

│   ├───[表语] any happier (更快乐)

│   │   ├───[限定词/程度副词] any

│   │   └───[形容词比较级] happier

│   └───[比较状语] than the control group (比对照组)

│       ├───[介词] than

│       └───[宾语] the control group (对照组)

│           ├───[限定词] the

│           ├───[形容词] control

│           └───[核心名词] group

├───[结果状语：现在分词短语] suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.

│   ├───[现在分词] suggesting

│   └───[宾语从句] that ... (整个从句)

│       ├───[连词] that

│       └───[从句内容] it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.

│           ├───[强调句结构] it was ... that ...

│           │   ├───[形式主语] it

│           │   ├───[系动词] was

│           │   ├───[被强调的主语] the engagement with beauty (对美的投入)

│           │   │   ├───[限定词] the

│           │   │   ├───[核心名词] engagement

│           │   │   └───[后置定语：介词短语] with beauty

│           │   │       ├───[介词] with

│           │   │       └───[宾语] beauty

│           │   ├───[强调句引导词] that

│           │   ├───[谓语] influenced (影响)

│           │   └───[宾语] abstract thinking (抽象思维)

│           │       ├───[形容词] abstract

│           │       └───[核心名词] thinking

│           └───[并列对比状语] rather than any overall positivity from the experience (而不是来自该体验的任何整体积极感受)

│               ├───[连接词/介词] rather than

│               └───[名词短语] any overall positivity from the experience

│                   ├───[限定词] any

│                   ├───[形容词] overall

│                   ├───[核心名词] positivity

│                   └───[后置定语：介词短语] from the experience

│                       ├───[介词] from

│                       └───[宾语] the experience

│                           ├───[限定词] the

│                           └───[核心名词] experience

【句意】然而，重要的是，美容组并没有报告感觉自己比对照组更快乐，这表明影响抽象思维的是对美的投入，而非来自该体验的任何整体积极感受；