长难句精读丨Vol.12-考研真题实例句子解读

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《考研英语每日长难句精读》

—实例句子解读DAY12

Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research into what they call the "above average effect", or "illusory superiority"a-nd shown that, for example, 70% of us ra-te ourselves as above average in leaders-hip, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others —— all obviously statist-ical impossibilities.

句源与背景：

本文选自2013年6月23日的《卫报》(The Guardian)，原文标题为《性感不性感？我们如何真实地评价自己的外貌》(Hot or not? How we really rate our looks)。本文主要介绍了《科学美国人》杂志就“人们是否自我评价过高（人们认为自己比实际情况更好看）”这一问题的研究。文章指出，人们自我评价过高是天性使然。

核心词汇

core vocabulary

psychologist

n.心理学家

amass

v.积累；收集

oceans of

大量的；许多的

research into

对...的研究

illusory

adj.虚幻的；幻觉的

superiority

n.优势；优越

rate

v.评估；定级

leadership

n.领导；领导层；领导能力

get on well with

与...相处融洽

obviously

adv.明显地；显然

statistical

adj.统计的；统计学的

impossibility

n.不可能；不可能的事

句子分析

sentence analysis

Social psychologists have amassed oceans of r-esearch into what they call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority” and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving an-d 85% at getting on well with others—all obvi-ously statistical impossibilities.

主句：Social psychologists have amassed oceans of research...and shown that...

介词宾语从句：what they call the“above average e-ffect”, or“illusory superiority”

插入语：for example

宾语从句：70% of us rate ourselves as above avera-ge in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at gettin-g on well with others

同位语：all obviously statistical impossibilities

①本句是一个复杂句，包含主句、介词宾语从句和宾语从句。首先提取主干：Social psychologists have a-massed oceans of research...and shown that，主语是：Social psychologists，谓语是：have amas-sed和shown that并列。

翻译：社会心理学家积累了大量研究，并表明。

②have amassed的宾语是oceans of research，之后是介词短语into what they call the "above ave-rage effect", or"illusory superiority"作后置定语修饰research，其中what引导的从句是介词into的宾语从句；宾语从句中they作主语,call作谓语，the "abo-ve average effect", or "illusory superiority"是宾语补足语，两个短语为并列关系。

翻译：针对他们所谓的“高于平均水平效应”或“虚幻的优越感”。

③接着that引导宾语从句，作shown的宾语。for exa-mple为插入语，引出具体例证。70% of us rate our-selves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others是宾语从句的主体部分，其中70% of us、93% (of u-s)、85% (of us)是三个并列的主语，后两个省略了of us rate ourselves as above average；rate...as...是“把……评价为……”的结构，in leadership、in d-riving、at getting on well with others分别表示在领导力、驾驶、与他人相处方面。

翻译：例如，70%的人认为自己的领导力高于平均水平，93%的人认为自己的驾驶技术高于平均水平，85%的人认为自己在与他人相处方面高于平均水平。

④all obviously statistical impossibilities为同位语，对前面的数据进行补充说明，指出这些现象在统计学上是不可能的。

翻译：所有这些显然在统计学上是不可能的。

语法成分：Social psychologists have amassed o-ceans of research into what they call the“abo-ve average effect”, or“illusory superiority,”a-nd shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ou-rselves as above average in leadership, 93% in- driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.

主语：Social psychologists谓语 1：have amassed宾语：oceans of research并列连词：and谓语 2：have s-hown

引导词：what从句主语：they从句谓语：call从句宾语： what从句宾补：the "above average effect", or "illus-ory superiority"

引导词：that插入语：for example分句 1：主语：70% of us谓语：rate宾语：ourselves宾补：as above aver-age状语：in leadership

分句 2（补全所有省略成分）：主语：93% of us谓语：r-ate宾语：ourselves宾补：as above average状语：in driving

分句 3（补全所有省略成分）：主语：85% of us谓语：r-ate宾语：ourselves宾补：as above average状语：at getting on well with others

主语：all状语：obviously表语：statistical impossibil-ities

【翻译】：社会心理学家就其所称的“高于均数效应”或“虚幻的优越感”进行了大量研究，研究结果表明，我们当中有 70% 的人自认为领导力高于平均水平，93% 的人自认为驾驶能力高于平均水平，85%的人自认为与人相处的能力高于平均水平—在统计学上，这些显然都是不可能的事件。

明日预习英语一2017Text1

Tomorrow's Preview: 2017 English 1 Text 1

Last year, the Transportation Security Administ-ration (TSA) found in a secret check that unde-rcover investigators were able to sneak weapo-ns — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried.

本文选自2016年5月的《华盛顿邮报》(The Washington Post)，原文标题为《快一点，等一等》(Hurry up and wait)。第一段引出美国主要机场愈发冗长的安检队伍这一问题。第二至第四段说明了该问题产生的影响以及形成原因。第五至第七段提出解决方案：采用预检项目，但同时又指出预检项目所存在的问题。