中考英语词性转换规则大全 | 名词变动词、形容词变副词一步到位

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中考英语词性转换规则大全 | 名词变动词、形容词变副词一步到位

中考英语有一类题叫『用所给词的正确形式填空』,核心就是考你词性转换。动词怎么变名词?形容词怎么变副词?名词怎么变形容词?记住这些后缀规则,这类题就是送分题。

中考英语词性转换规则大全 | 名词变动词、形容词变副词一步到位-第1张图片-四季读书网

一、动词变名词(八大后缀,按频率排序)

1. -tion / -ation = 最常用的动词变名词后缀

educate -> education(教育)/ pronounce -> pronunciation(发音)

invent -> invention(发明)/ celebrate -> celebration(庆祝)

注意:pronounce 变 pronunciation 去 e 加 u,是易错点。

2. -ment = 表示动作结果或状态

develop -> development(发展)/ improve -> improvement(改进)

achieve -> achievement(成就)/ encourage -> encouragement(鼓励)

agree -> agreement(同意)/ move -> movement(运动)

3. -er / -or / -ist = 表示做某事的人

teach -> teacher / act -> actor / art -> artist

invent -> inventor / visit -> visitor / science -> scientist

4. -ance / -ence = 抽象名词

appear -> appearance(外貌)/ different -> difference(差异)

important -> importance(重要性)/ confident -> confidence(自信)

5. -ness = 形容词变名词

happy -> happiness(注意y变i)/ kind -> kindness / dark -> darkness

6. -al

refuse -> refusal(拒绝)/ arrive -> arrival(到达)/ survive -> survival(幸存)

7. -ing

build -> building / begin -> beginning / feel -> feeling

8. -ure / -ture

fail -> failure / mix -> mixture / press -> pressure

二、形容词变副词

规则口诀:形容词加 ly = 副词,y 变 i 加 ly,le 变 ly。

quick -> quickly / happy -> happily(y变i)/ simple -> simply(去e加y)

true -> truly(去e加ly)/ terrible -> terribly / gentle -> gently

不规则:good -> well / fast -> fast(形副同形)/ hard -> hard / early -> early

三、名词变形容词

-ful = 充满...的

care -> careful(仔细的)/ hope -> hopeful / use -> useful / beauty -> beautiful

-less = 没有...的(-ful的反义词)

care -> careless / hope -> hopeless / use -> useless / home -> homeless

-y = 多...的

rain -> rainy / sun -> sunny / wind -> windy / cloud -> cloudy / luck -> lucky

-ous / -ious

danger -> dangerous / fame -> famous / humor -> humorous / mystery -> mysterious

-al / -ern / -en

nation -> national / west -> western / gold -> golden / wood -> wooden

-able / -ible = 可以...的

enjoy -> enjoyable / comfort -> comfortable / value -> valuable / believe -> believable

四、中考真题练习

1. We need to make a ___ (decide) about the trip.

->decision(decide -> decision)

2. The children are playing ___ (happy) in the park.

->happily(修饰动词playing,用副词,y变i加ly)

3. Smoking is ___ (harm) to your health.

->harmful(harm -> harmful 有害的)

4. This is a very ___ (use) tool.

->useful(use -> useful 有用的)

5. He looked at me in ___ (surprised).

->surprise(名词,惊讶地看着我 -> in surprise)

五、形容词变名词

后缀总结:-ity / -ty / -ence / -ance / -ness / -th

able -> ability(能力)/ active -> activity(活动)/ possible -> possibility(可能性)

different -> difference(差异)/ important -> importance(重要性)/ patient -> patience(耐心)

free -> freedom(自由)/ wise -> wisdom(智慧)/ true -> truth(真相)

deep -> depth(深度)/ long -> length(长度)/ wide -> width(宽度)/ strong -> strength(力量)

六、动词变形容词

interest -> interesting / interested —— -ing修饰物,-ed修饰人

excite -> exciting / excited / bore -> boring / bored / surprise -> surprising / surprised

更多高频:amaze -> amazing / amazed / tire -> tiring / tired / relax -> relaxing / relaxed

注意:以不发音e结尾的动词,去e加ing:write -> writing / drive -> driving

七、不规则词性转换汇总

die(v.死亡)-> death(n.)-> dead(adj.)-> deadly(adv.致命地)

choose(v.选择)-> choice(n.)/ speak(v.说话)-> speech(n.演讲)

weigh(v.称重)-> weight(n.重量)/ high(adj.高)-> height(n.高度)

fly(v.飞)-> flight(n.航班)/ see(v.看见)-> sight(n.视力/景象)

warm(adj.温暖)-> warmth(n.温暖)/ proud(adj.自豪)-> pride(n.自豪)

八、考场秘诀

拿到题先判断空格词性。冠词/形容词后填名词;be动词后填形容词/名词/doing/done;副词修饰动词和形容词;介词后填名词/doing。

速记:a/an/the + 名词,be + 形容词/doing/done,动词 + 副词,介词 + 名词/doing。

上一个当前已是最后一个了

下一个当前已是最新一个了

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