中考英语有一类题叫『用所给词的正确形式填空』,核心就是考你词性转换。动词怎么变名词?形容词怎么变副词?名词怎么变形容词?记住这些后缀规则,这类题就是送分题。

一、动词变名词(八大后缀,按频率排序)
1. -tion / -ation = 最常用的动词变名词后缀
educate -> education(教育)/ pronounce -> pronunciation(发音)
invent -> invention(发明)/ celebrate -> celebration(庆祝)
注意:pronounce 变 pronunciation 去 e 加 u,是易错点。
2. -ment = 表示动作结果或状态
develop -> development(发展)/ improve -> improvement(改进)
achieve -> achievement(成就)/ encourage -> encouragement(鼓励)
agree -> agreement(同意)/ move -> movement(运动)
3. -er / -or / -ist = 表示做某事的人
teach -> teacher / act -> actor / art -> artist
invent -> inventor / visit -> visitor / science -> scientist
4. -ance / -ence = 抽象名词
appear -> appearance(外貌)/ different -> difference(差异)
important -> importance(重要性)/ confident -> confidence(自信)
5. -ness = 形容词变名词
happy -> happiness(注意y变i)/ kind -> kindness / dark -> darkness
6. -al
refuse -> refusal(拒绝)/ arrive -> arrival(到达)/ survive -> survival(幸存)
7. -ing
build -> building / begin -> beginning / feel -> feeling
8. -ure / -ture
fail -> failure / mix -> mixture / press -> pressure
二、形容词变副词
规则口诀:形容词加 ly = 副词,y 变 i 加 ly,le 变 ly。
quick -> quickly / happy -> happily(y变i)/ simple -> simply(去e加y)
true -> truly(去e加ly)/ terrible -> terribly / gentle -> gently
不规则:good -> well / fast -> fast(形副同形)/ hard -> hard / early -> early
三、名词变形容词
-ful = 充满...的
care -> careful(仔细的)/ hope -> hopeful / use -> useful / beauty -> beautiful
-less = 没有...的(-ful的反义词)
care -> careless / hope -> hopeless / use -> useless / home -> homeless
-y = 多...的
rain -> rainy / sun -> sunny / wind -> windy / cloud -> cloudy / luck -> lucky
-ous / -ious
danger -> dangerous / fame -> famous / humor -> humorous / mystery -> mysterious
-al / -ern / -en
nation -> national / west -> western / gold -> golden / wood -> wooden
-able / -ible = 可以...的
enjoy -> enjoyable / comfort -> comfortable / value -> valuable / believe -> believable
四、中考真题练习
1. We need to make a ___ (decide) about the trip.
->decision(decide -> decision)
2. The children are playing ___ (happy) in the park.
->happily(修饰动词playing,用副词,y变i加ly)
3. Smoking is ___ (harm) to your health.
->harmful(harm -> harmful 有害的)
4. This is a very ___ (use) tool.
->useful(use -> useful 有用的)
5. He looked at me in ___ (surprised).
->surprise(名词,惊讶地看着我 -> in surprise)
五、形容词变名词
后缀总结:-ity / -ty / -ence / -ance / -ness / -th
able -> ability(能力)/ active -> activity(活动)/ possible -> possibility(可能性)
different -> difference(差异)/ important -> importance(重要性)/ patient -> patience(耐心)
free -> freedom(自由)/ wise -> wisdom(智慧)/ true -> truth(真相)
deep -> depth(深度)/ long -> length(长度)/ wide -> width(宽度)/ strong -> strength(力量)
六、动词变形容词
interest -> interesting / interested —— -ing修饰物,-ed修饰人
excite -> exciting / excited / bore -> boring / bored / surprise -> surprising / surprised
更多高频:amaze -> amazing / amazed / tire -> tiring / tired / relax -> relaxing / relaxed
注意:以不发音e结尾的动词,去e加ing:write -> writing / drive -> driving
七、不规则词性转换汇总
die(v.死亡)-> death(n.)-> dead(adj.)-> deadly(adv.致命地)
choose(v.选择)-> choice(n.)/ speak(v.说话)-> speech(n.演讲)
weigh(v.称重)-> weight(n.重量)/ high(adj.高)-> height(n.高度)
fly(v.飞)-> flight(n.航班)/ see(v.看见)-> sight(n.视力/景象)
warm(adj.温暖)-> warmth(n.温暖)/ proud(adj.自豪)-> pride(n.自豪)
八、考场秘诀
拿到题先判断空格词性。冠词/形容词后填名词;be动词后填形容词/名词/doing/done;副词修饰动词和形容词;介词后填名词/doing。
速记:a/an/the + 名词,be + 形容词/doing/done,动词 + 副词,介词 + 名词/doing。