拆解五年级新闻真题
各位家长和老师好，我是小乔老师，语言学硕士，专注拆解香港小学试题的出题逻辑。
今天拆一份五年级真题，新闻体裁，讲旺角火灾。拿到手时试卷上已有孩子填写过的答案，我逐题核对后发现——孩子写上去的未必就是对的。
建议先打印给孩子练一遍，再回来看解析。
真题可打印
Read the news report. For Questions 1 to 3, fill in the blanks with only ONE word. For Questions 4 to 5, answer in complete sentences. (12 marks)
Fire in Mong Kok leaves 35 people injured
A fire broke out in a building in Mong Kok at 9:56 a.m. yesterday. A resident of the building discovered the fire and dialled the emergency number immediately.
The fire spread quickly to other flats. Fortunately, firefighters arrived at the scene at 10:00 a.m. They helped the residents get out of the building. The fire was finally put out at 1:00 p.m.
Residents of the building were impatiently waiting on the streets to return to their homes. Thirty-five people were injured in the fire. A senior firefighter said that it was difficult to rescue the residents because there were many things in the corridors and stairways that blocked the way. He advised residents to clear their corridors and stairways. This would not only reduce the possibility of a fire, but also help firefighters rescue people.
题目：
e.g. A fire took place in a ______ building ______ in Mong Kok yesterday.
- 1A resident saw the fire and called the firefighters ______ . (2 marks)
- 2It took the firefighters ___________ hours to put out the fire. (2 marks)
- 3The residents waiting on the streets to return home were ______. (2 marks)
- 4Why was it difficult for the firefighters to rescue the residents? (3 marks)
- 5What did the senior firefighter advise residents to do? (3 marks)
建议孩子做完再往下看
逐题拆解
第1题：同义改写加副词定位
题干 “called the firefighters ______ ”，空格需要一个修饰 called 的词。原文首段写 discovered the fire and dialled the emergency number immediately.
题干把 discovered 换成 saw，把 dialled the emergency number 换成 called the firefighters，immediately 的位置和功能不变。
答案：immediately。
如果填了 arrived，这是典型的看到动词就往前塞。教孩子一个动作：先找被修饰的动词，再问“怎么做的”。
第2题：时间信息直接提取
原文时间链：arrived at 10:00 a.m.，put out at 1:00 p.m.，间隔正好三小时。
答案：three。
直接考查从时间线提炼数字，孩子只要读明白灭火耗时就能填对。
第3题：并列结构加词性转换
原题 “were ______ ”。回原文定位 Residents were impatiently waiting，impatiently 去掉 -ly 即 impatient。and 前正需要一个与 impatient 同义的形容词。
答案：impatient。
如果孩子填了 uninviting，与 impatient 不平行，原文也无依据。
第4题：因果定位加完整句输出
Why 问句，用 Because 开头。原文定位句：it was difficult to rescue the residents because there were many things in the corridors and stairways that blocked the way.
答案：Because there were many things in the corridors and stairways that blocked the way.
3分通常拆为：Because 引导完整句（1分），写出杂物堵走廊楼梯（1分），点明 blocked the way（1分）。
第5题：直接定位加转述
原文：He advised residents to clear their corridors and stairways.
答案：He/She advised residents to clear their corridors and stairways.
人称代词 He 或 She 皆可，注意 advise 后用 to clear。
给家长和老师的建议
- 1副词训练：圈出 -ly 副词，追问修饰哪个动词。
- 2词性转换训练：把 -ly 副词变回形容词，放进 and 并列结构检验。
- 3限词填空纠错：挑出错空，引导孩子根据上下文和语法线索自己推导出来。
