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今天分享的是英语题型中一定会出现的“同义替换”
同义替换是英语阅读理解中的核心命题技巧，指命题者通过替换原文中的关键词或短语，用不同的表达方式呈现相同或相近的意思。在阅读理解中，识别并理解这些替换是解题的关键能力，尤其在细节题、词义题和推理题中表现最为明显
以下来自2009年考研英二真题：
Directions: Read the following text. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
说明：阅读下文，根据每段文字后的题目，从选项A、B、C、D中选择正确答案。
I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."
我正在弗吉尼亚州郊区一个客厅里发表讲话--这是一个邀请男性参加的女性小组聚会。当晚，一位男士特别健谈，频繁提出想法和轶事，而他的妻子则安静地坐在沙发上的他身旁。临近晚会结束时，我评论说女性经常抱怨丈夫不与她们交谈。这位男士立即点头表示同意。他指向妻子说："我们家她是爱说话的人。"房间里爆发笑声;这位男士看起来困惑而受伤。"这是真的，"他解释道，"当我下班回家，我没什么可说的。如果她不继续谈话，我们整个晚上都会沉默。"
This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.
这一事件生动地揭示了这样一种讽刺：尽管美国男性在公共场合比女性更健谈，但他们在家却往往说得更少。而这种模式正在对婚姻造成严重破坏。
The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.
政治学家安德鲁·哈克在20世纪70年代末就观察到了这一模式。社会学家凯瑟琳·科勒·里森曼在她的新书《离婚谈话》中报告，她采访的大多数女性--但只有少数男性--将缺乏沟通列为离婚的原因。考虑到目前近50%的离婚率，这相当于美国每年就有数百万人因此类案件--一场失败对话的虚拟流行病。
In my own research，complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements . Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.
在我自己的研究中，女性对丈夫的抱怨主要集中不是在实质不公上，如为了陪伴丈夫而放弃职业机会，或承担远超自己份额的日常家务劳动，如清洁、烹饪、社交安排等。相反，她们主要关注沟通问题："他不听我说""他不和我交谈"我发现正如哈克多年前所观察到的，大多数妻子希望丈夫首先且最重要的是能成为她们的谈话伙伴，但很少有丈夫对妻子有这种期待。
In short，the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.
简言之，最能代表当前危机的形象是那种刻板的卡通场景：一个男人坐在早餐桌上，面前举着一份报纸，而一位女性则怒视着报纸背面，她想要交谈。
1.What is most wives’main expectation of their husbands?（ ）
A.Talking to them.
B.Trusting them.
C.Supporting their careers.
D.Sharing housework.
2.Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc” (Para.2) most probably means （ ）
A.generating motivation
B.exerting influence
C.causing damage
D.creating pressure
3.All of the following are true EXCEPT （ ）
A.men tend to talk more in public than women
B.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation
C.women attach much importance to communication between couples
D.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse
4.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text? （ ）
A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.
B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.
C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.
D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.
5.In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on （ ）
A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk
B.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon
C.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.
D.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker
考点词和同义替换AB句积累：
conversational patterns between man and wife are different | men and women have different communication styles | |
a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon | an example from Divorce Talk |
人物名称翻译积累：
Catherine Kohler Riessman | 凯瑟琳·科勒·里森曼 |
Hacker | 哈克 |
