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介词是高考英语语法填空的必考无提示词考点,每年稳定考查1-2空,分值固定、题型基础、容错率极低,是高考英语必须稳稳拿下的基础得分点。
介词考点不偏、不怪,核心围绕固定搭配、逻辑关系、场景用法三大维度命题,80%真题源自高中高频固定短语,剩余20%考查时间、地点、方式、原因等基础逻辑辨析。为帮助同学们精准冲刺、高效提分,本文整合2021-2025年高考真题,按年份系统归类,搭配标准答案与逐题精讲,同时梳理解题技巧、高频必背搭配和易错陷阱,是考前专项突破、查漏补缺的专属复习利器。
一、考情总览(2021-2025)
- 考查形式:均为无提示词填空,每空1分,每年必考1-2空,属于基础必得分题型。
- 命题规律:高频固定搭配为主(占比80%),语境逻辑介词辨析为辅(占比20%),无冷门偏题。
- 核心高频介词:to、for、with、by、in、on、from、of、as、at(覆盖99%真题考点)。
- 命题范围:涵盖动词、形容词、名词固定搭配,时间、地点、方式、原因、身份等逻辑关系。
二、2021-2025全省市真题集锦
2025年 高考真题
1.(新高考I卷)She devoted all her spare time ______ studying traditional Chinese painting.
答案:to|解析:固定搭配devote one’s time to doing sth.投入时间做某事,此处to为介词,后接动名词形式,为高考超高频考点。
2.(全国I卷)A decent winner always tries to beat the opponent ______ no more than one or two points.
答案:by|解析:by可表示数量、比分差值,beat sb. by + 数值 表示“以……分的优势击败对手”,为by的特殊高频用法。
3.(全国II卷)Nothing in my life before prepared me ______ this one.
答案:for|解析:固定搭配 prepare sb. for sth.使某人为某事做好准备,for表适配、对应对象。
4.(浙江1月卷)Customers focus instead ______ the fact that they have something unique to wear.
答案:on|解析:核心固定搭配 focus on sth.专注于、聚焦于某事,为必考动词介词搭配。
5.(北京卷)These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come _________ the planet’s expense.
答案:at|解析:固定搭配 at the expense of sth.(规范标准搭配)以……为代价,为高考常考介词短语。
6.(全国甲卷)Eating more vegetables and fruits is beneficial _________ our physical health.
答案:to|解析:标准形容词固定搭配 be beneficial to sth./sb.对……有益,无be beneficial for用法,为易混易错点。
7.(新高考II卷)The old temple dates back _________ the Ming Dynasty.
答案:to|解析:固定短语 date back to + 时间 追溯到某年代,该短语无被动语态、无进行时态,为高频语法考点。
2024年 高考真题(全国卷+新高考卷+北京卷+天津卷+浙江卷)
1.(全国乙卷)He apologized ______ his classmates for being late.
答案:to|解析:固定搭配 apologize to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉,to指向动作对象。
2.(新课标I卷)The Glasshouse stands ______ a great achievement in contemporary design.
答案:as|解析:as此处表身份、属性、定位,意为“作为、堪称”,stand as 为规范搭配。
3.(新高考II卷)The traditional Chinese lunar calendar is known ______ its 12 animal signs.
答案:for|解析:be known for sth.因某种特征、特色闻名;区分:be known as 因身份、职业、名称闻名。
4.(全国甲卷)This area must be well preserved _________ all people of the nation to enjoy.
答案:for|解析:for此处表用途与对象,意为“供……使用、为了……享用”,符合语境逻辑。
5.(全国乙卷)I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion is similar in some ways _________ Romeo and Juliet.
答案:to|解析:唯一固定搭配 be similar to sb./sth.与……相似,无其他介词替代用法。
6.(北京卷)We walked slowly along the river, enjoying the beauty _________ the sunset.
答案:of|解析:of表所属与属性关系,the beauty of the sunset 表示“落日的美景”,为基础常用搭配。
7.(天津6月卷)China is a shining example _________ the global community to follow in developing green industry.
答案:for|解析:for引出参照对象,an example for sb. 表示“可供某人效仿的榜样”。
8.(浙江6月卷)She was praised _________ her outstanding performance in the competition.
答案:for|解析:固定搭配 praise sb. for sth.,for表原因,意为“因优异表现受到表扬”。
2023年 高考真题
1.(新高考II卷)We all benefit a lot ______ the after-school activities.
答案:from|解析:高频必考搭配 benefit from sth.从某事/某物中获益,为无提示词高频考点。
2.(全国甲卷)He was praised ______ his courage in the face of danger.
答案:for|解析:for表因果逻辑,be praised for sth. 因某种品质、行为受到表扬。
3.(浙江卷)She walked out of the room ______ a smile on her face.
答案:with|解析:with引导伴随状语,with + 名词 + 介词短语 为高考经典伴随结构。
4.(新高考I卷)The wrappers are pressed _________ hand rather than rolled.
答案:by|解析:固定搭配by hand手工制作、用手,by此处表方式、手段。
5.(全国乙卷)From Buddhist temples to museums, the city is rich _________ cultural relics.
答案:in|解析:标准形容词搭配 be rich in sth.富含、盛产(资源、遗迹、特质等)。
6.(北京卷)Many people are familiar _________ the story of *Journey to the West*.
答案:with|解析:固定搭配sb. be familiar with sth.某人熟悉某物;区分:sth. be familiar to sb. 某物为某人所熟悉。
7.(天津6月卷)These gardens turn empty land ________ green, lively spaces and offer numerous benefits to local residents.
答案:into|解析:高考固定介词搭配 turn…into…将……转变为……。
8.(天津6月卷)Community gardens provide them ________ a chance to get close to nature.
答案:with|解析:顶级高频固定搭配 provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物。
9.(浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history _________ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories.
答案:as|解析:as表身份、角色,译为“作为中国的首都”,用于界定事物属性。
2022年 高考真题(全国卷+新高考卷+北京卷+天津卷+浙江卷)
1.(全国甲卷)The old man insisted ______ walking home alone.
答案:on|解析:固定搭配insist on doing sth.坚持做某事,on不可替换为其他介词。
2.(新课标I卷)Giant pandas serve ______ an umbrella species.
答案:as|解析:固定搭配 serve as充当、作为、起到……作用,适用于物种、事物功能定位语境。
3.(新高考I卷)I was impressed ______ the beauty of the West Lake.
答案:by/with|解析:双正确答案,固定搭配be impressed by/with sth.对……印象深刻,高考均认可。
4.(全国乙卷)May 21st marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially _________ the UN on Nov 27, 2019.
答案:by|解析:被动语态核心用法,by用于引出动作的执行者(the UN)。
5.(全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers _________ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept 20.
答案:from|解析:固定空间结构 from…to…从……到……,标注行程起止地点。
6.(北京卷)Helen was walking down the street late _________ the evening.
答案:in|解析:固定时间搭配 in the evening在晚上,为基础必考用法。
7.(浙江6月卷)Luc went blind suddenly _________ age seven.
答案:at|解析:固定搭配 at age + 基数词 / at the age of + 基数词,表示“在……岁时”。
8.(天津卷)The movie is based _________ a true story that happened in the 1990s.
答案:on|解析:高考顶级高频搭配be based on sth.基于、以……为蓝本,介词固定为on。
2021年 高考真题(全国卷+新高考卷+北京卷+天津卷+浙江卷)
1.(新高考I卷)The medical team consists ______ ten doctors and twenty nurses.
答案:of|解析:固定搭配 consist of由……组成,该短语无被动语态、无进行时态,为高频易错语法点。
2.(浙江1月卷)Average rural BMI increased ______ 2.1 in women and men.
答案:by|解析:by表数值增减幅度,increase by + 具体数值 表示“增长了多少”;区分:increase to 增长至。
3.(全国乙卷)She is good ______ playing the piano.
答案:at|解析:基础固定搭配be good at (doing) sth.擅长(做)某事。
4.(全国甲卷)It was built originally to protect the city _________ the Tang dynasty.
答案:in|解析:规范时间用法 in + 朝代名称表示“在某一朝代”。
5.(全国乙卷)It was not widely accepted as a travel concept _________ the late 1980s.
答案:until|解析:经典高考句型 not…until…直到……才……,为无提示词填空高频考点。
6.(北京卷)The book provides us _________ a lot of useful information about Chinese culture.
答案:with|解析:固定双搭配:provide sb. with sth.为某人提供某物 / provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物。
7.(浙江6月卷)In 1844 they bought it _________ $1,200 and some land.
答案:for|解析:价格固定用法buy sth. for + 金额 以某价格购入某物。
8.(天津卷)She has been working hard, so she is confident _________ passing the exam.
答案:of|解析:固定搭配 be confident of (doing) sth.对(做)某事有信心。
三、考前核心解题攻略(秒杀技巧)
1. 介词题秒判三大特征
无提示词空格,同时满足以下3点,直接判定填介词:
- 空格后为:名词、动名词、代词宾格;
- 句子主干完整:不缺主语、谓语、宾语;
- 空格不作句子主干成分,仅构成短语作状语、定语、补语。
2. 必考高频固定搭配(按考频排序)
(1)动词+介词(高考最高频)
- to:devote to doing、look forward to doing、pay attention to doing、lead to、contribute to、date back to、be similar to
- for:be known for、search for、care for、prepare for、praise…for、be responsible for
- on:insist on、depend on、rely on、focus on、be based on
- from:benefit from、suffer from、prevent…from、protect…from
- of:consist of、think highly of、be proud of、be confident of
- as:serve as、be known as、work as
(2)形容词+介词
be good at、be interested in、be responsible for、be similar to、be different from、be rich in、be familiar with
(3)名词+介词
focus on、attention to、interest in、advantage over、example for
3. 介词逻辑辨析(零基础通用)
- in:年、月、季节、世纪、早中晚、朝代(in 2025、in winter、in the Tang dynasty)
- on:具体某日、节日、特定天气的早晚(on Monday、on a rainy morning)
- at:具体时刻、年龄、固定节点(at 7:00、at age seven、at noon)
(2)核心逻辑介词
- by:方式工具、数值幅度、被动执行者(by hand、increase by、be done by sb.)
- with:伴随状态、工具、伴随特征(with a smile、with a pen)
- for:原因、目的、对象、价格
- from:来源、起止、分离、保护
- of:所属关系、属性、构成
- as:身份、角色、作为
四、解题四步法(直接套用)
第一步:判空:无提示词,验证句子主干是否完整,符合特征锁定介词考点;
第二步:想搭配:优先回忆动/形/名词高频固定搭配,80%题目可直接秒杀;
第三步:析语境:无固定搭配时,判断时间、地点、原因、方式、身份等逻辑关系;
第四步:做验证:通读整句,检查语义通顺、语法无误,规避陷阱。
五、高频易错陷阱(考前必看)
1. 易混淆固定搭配
- be known for(因特质/特长闻名)vs be known as(因身份/职业闻名)
- provide sb. with sth./provide sth. to sb.(给某人提供某物)
- be familiar with(人熟悉事物)vs be familiar to(事物为人所熟悉)
3. by的特殊高频用法
表数值差额、比分差值(win by 2 points);表手工/交通方式(by hand、by bus);表被动动作执行者。