在中考英语的单项选择、完形填空、句子改写中,“花费” 是每年几乎都会考到的知识点,而 cost 、 take 、 spend 、 pay 这四个词更是很多同学的“易混重灾区”。今天就带大家彻底搞懂它们的用法,再也不丢分!
一、核心用法辨析
① cost
- 主语:只能是物品/事物(不能是人)
- 含义:侧重“(物品)花费金钱”,也可用于花费精力
- 结构: sth. + cost(s) + sb. + some money
- 例句:The new smartphone cost him 5000 yuan.
(这部新手机花了他5000元)
- 注意: cost 的过去式、过去分词都是 cost ,一般不用于花费时间。
② spend
- 主语:只能是人
- 含义:可以表示“花费时间”或“花费金钱”
- 结构:- sb. + spend(s)/spent + some money (in) doing sth. / on sth.
- sb. + spend(s)/spent + some time on sth. / (in) doing sth.
- 例句:- I spent 2 hours (in) reading this novel.
(我花了2小时读这本小说)
- She spent 300 yuan on this coat.
(她买这件外套花了300元)
- 注意: (in) 可以省略, in 后面必须跟动名词(doing形式)。
③ take
- 主语:通常用 it 作形式主语(真正的主语是后面的 to do )
- 含义:侧重“(做某事)花费时间”
- 结构: It takes/took + sb. + some time + to do sth.
- 例句:It took me 3 hours to finish my homework yesterday.
(昨天我花了3小时完成作业)
- 注意: take 的过去式是 took ,过去分词是 taken 。
④ pay
- 主语:只能是人
- 含义:侧重“(人为某物)支付金钱”
- 结构: sb. + pay(s)/paid + some money + for sth.
- 例句:I paid 20 yuan for this book.
(我为这本书付了20元)
- 注意: pay 的过去式、过去分词都是 paid ,常和介词 for 搭配使用。
二、用法对比表+速记口诀
📌 用法对比表

📌 速记口诀
cost物花钱,spend人花时/钱,
take it花时间,pay人付钱for连。
三、中考真题专项练习
✅ 单项选择
1. (2023·天津) —How much does the bag ______?
—Fifty yuan.
A. spend B. take C. pay D. cost
2. (2022·重庆A卷) It ______ me about 10 minutes to walk to school every day.
A. spends B. takes C. costs D. pays
3. (2021·江苏苏州) My brother ______ two hours playing basketball every weekend.
A. spends B. takes C. costs D. pays
4. (2020·山东青岛) I ______ 100 yuan for the new T-shirt yesterday.
A. spent B. took C. cost D. paid
5. (2019·广东) The movie ______ us about two hours to watch yesterday.
A. spent B. paid C. took D. cost
✅ 用cost/take/spend/pay的适当形式填空
1. (2023·四川成都) This beautiful dress ______ my mother 300 yuan last month.
2. (2022·湖北武汉) My father often ______ his spare time reading newspapers.
3. (2021·浙江杭州) It will ______ you 2 hours to get to the airport by bus.
4. (2020·江西) I ______ 50 yuan for the meal in the restaurant yesterday.
四、参考答案
✅ 单项选择
1. D(主语是物品 the bag ,用cost)
2. B(it作形式主语,用takes)
3. A(主语是人,且后面是 playing basketball ,用spends)
4. D(主语是人,且后面有 for ,用paid)
5. C(it作形式主语,用took)
✅ 适当形式填空
1. cost(主语是物品,过去式还是cost)
2. spends(主语是人, spend time doing sth. ,一般现在时用spends)
3. take(it作形式主语, will 后用动词原形take)
4. paid(主语是人, pay...for... ,过去式用paid)
💡 温馨提示:
做这类题的第一步,就是先看主语:主语是物优先考虑 cost ,主语是人优先看 spend / pay ,主语是it优先用 take ,再结合结构和时态判断,就能轻松做对!
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