👋大家好，我是凯西~专注小学初中英语干货分享
在中考英语的词汇考查中，by 是绝对的高频词✨
它的短语搭配多、用法灵活，完形填空、单项选择、阅读理解几乎年年考
今天就按「动词+by」「by+名词」「其他」三类，把中考常考的by短语一网打尽！
一、动词+by 类
这类是动词与by的固定搭配，需重点记忆含义和用法
1. go by （时间）逝去；过去
中考真题例句：
As time goes by, we will remember the happy days in junior high school forever.
（随着时间流逝，我们会永远记住初中的快乐时光。）
2. drop by 顺便访问
中考真题例句：
I often drop by my grandparents' home on weekends.
（我周末经常顺便去祖父母家拜访。）
二、by+名词类
这类多用来表示方式、状态，是中考核心考点
3. by train / by bus / by car / by plane / by ship / by bike / by subway
乘火车/乘公交车/乘小汽车/乘飞机/乘轮船/骑自行车/乘地铁
中考真题例句：
- My father usually goes to work by bus, but sometimes he goes by car.
（我爸爸通常乘公交车上班，但有时候会开小汽车去。）
- I will travel to Beijing by plane with my parents this summer vacation.
（今年暑假我会和父母乘飞机去北京旅行。）
- Many students go to school by bike or by subway in big cities.
（在大城市，很多学生骑自行车或乘地铁上学。）
4. by accident 偶然地；意外地
中考真题例句：
I met my old friend in the street by accident yesterday.
（昨天我在街上偶然遇到了我的老朋友。）
5. by mistake 错误地；无意中
中考真题例句：
I took your umbrella by mistake this morning.
（今天早上我错拿了你的雨伞。）
6. by hand 用手；靠手做
中考真题例句：
These beautiful cards are made by hand.
（这些漂亮的卡片是手工制作的。）
三、其他类
这类是by构成的常用固定结构，写作、阅读都超实用
7. day by day 一天天地；渐渐地
中考真题例句：
The little tree grows taller and stronger day by day.
（这棵小树一天天地长得更高更壮了。）
8. by oneself 独立地；独自
中考真题例句：
You should finish your homework by yourself.
（你应该独立完成作业。）
9. by the way 顺便说一下；顺带一提
中考真题例句：
By the way, have you finished your English homework?
译文：顺便问一下，你写完英语作业了吗？
四、中考真题词汇应用题
1. (2023·江苏苏州) — How did you find the way to the library?
— I found it ______.
A. by accident B. by mistake C. by hand D. by oneself
答案：A
解析：句意为“你是怎么找到去图书馆的路的？——我偶然找到的”，by accident表示“偶然地”，符合语境。
2. (2022·四川成都) My grandma makes all her clothes ______, so they are very special.
A. by bus B. by hand C. by accident D. by mistake
答案：B
解析：句意为“我奶奶所有衣服都是手工做的，所以它们很特别”，by hand表示“用手、手工”，符合语境。
3. (2021·山东济南) As time ______, we will understand our parents' love better.
A. goes by B. drops by C. puts by D. takes by
答案：A
解析：句意为“随着时间流逝，我们会更好地理解父母的爱”，go by表示“（时间）逝去”，符合语境。
4. (2020·广东广州) I took my deskmate's notebook home ______ yesterday.
A. by hand B. by oneself C. by mistake D. by train
答案：C
解析：句意为“昨天我错把同桌的笔记本带回家了”，by mistake表示“错误地、无意中”，符合语境。
5. (2019·湖北武汉) — How do you usually go to school?
— I usually go to school ______.
A. by bike B. by accident C. by hand D. by mistake
答案：A
解析：句意为“你通常怎么去上学？——我通常骑自行车去上学”，by bike表示“骑自行车”，符合语境。
五、背诵默写版（汉译英）
1. ______________（时间）逝去；过去
2. ______________ 顺便访问
3. ______________ 乘火车/乘公交车/乘小汽车/乘飞机/乘轮船/骑自行车/乘地铁
4. ______________ 偶然地；意外地
5. ______________ 错误地；无意中
6. ______________ 用手；靠手做
7. ______________ 一天天地；渐渐地
8. ______________ 独立地；独自
9. ______________ 顺便说一下
默写答案
1. go by
2. drop by
3. by train / by bus / by car / by plane / by ship / by bike / by subway
4. by accident
5. by mistake
6. by hand
7. day by day
8. by oneself
9. by the way
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