精读高考真题，是英语备考中投入产出比最高的学习方式，没有之一。它绝非简单的“做做题，对对答案”，而是一场深度的“语言开采”。实践证明，每天坚持“深度阅读”一篇真题，坚持2个月，能显著提高英语成绩。
四步精读法：
1.限时做题：模拟考试状态，不查词，完成题目。
2.语境译读：查阅生词，从单词认识、到逐句翻译，梳理全文后整理词块。
3.句法解构：挑出所有长难句，进行句子成分分析和翻译。
4.逻辑复盘：复盘题目，分析错题原因，总结题型解题套路。
【高考真题深度阅读3】文末有电子稿免费领取方式
D【2025高考I卷】
Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
12. How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph?
A. By quoting an expert.
B. By defining a concept.
C. By giving examples.
D. By providing statistics.
13. What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water?
A.The hardness of water.
B. The length of cooling time.
C. The frequency of filtering.
D. The type of plastic in water.
14. What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4?
A. The importance of plastic recycling.
B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
C. The danger in overusing pure water.
D. The difficulty in treating polluted water.
15. What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about?
A. Choice of new research methods.
B. Possible direction for further study.
C.Need to involve more researchers.
D. Potential application of the findings.
一．题目详细解析
12. C. By giving examples.
解析：第一段中，作者列举了微塑料在地球上广泛存在的多个实例，例如“深海”“喜马拉雅山”“火山岩”“海鸟的胃”“南极新雪”以及“人类体内”。这些具体的例子生动地说明了微塑料污染已无处不在，并没有引用专家观点、定义概念或提供统计数据，因此答案为 C，举例论证。
13. A. The hardness of water.
解析：根据第三段，煮沸去除微塑料的效果关键取决于水中碳酸钙的含量（即水的硬度）。文中明确指出：硬水（含300毫克碳酸钙）煮沸后塑料减少近90%；而软水（含少于60毫克）仅减少25%。因此决定有效性的因素是 水的硬度，而不是冷却时间、过滤频率或塑料类型。答案为 A。
14. B. The severity of the microplastic problem.
解析：第四段提到，科学家发现瓶装水中的微塑料含量比原先认为的高出10到1000倍。这一信息并非讨论塑料回收、纯净水的危害或处理污染水的难度，而是通过对比突出微塑料问题的严重程度，从而说明减少微塑料暴露的任务日益紧迫。答案为 B。
15. D. Potential application of the findings.
解析：Gauchotte-Lindsay 建议“应当考虑升级饮用水处理厂，使其能够去除微塑料”。这不是在建议新的研究方法、需要更多研究者参与，也不是单纯指出研究方向，而是基于本研究结论（煮沸可去除微塑料）提出的实际应用方向——即如何将这一发现应用于水处理设施的改进。因此答案为 D。
二．高考英语词汇积累
1.microplastic /ˌmaɪkrəʊˈplæstɪk/ n. 微塑料
2.pollution /pəˈluːʃn/n. 污染
3.Himalayas /ˌhɪməˈleɪəz/ n. 喜马拉雅山脉
4.volcanic /vɒlˈkænɪk/ adj. 火山的
5.stomach /ˈstʌmək/ n. 胃；腹部
6.seabird /ˈsiːbɜːd/ n. 海鸟
7.Antarctic /ænˈtɑːktɪk/ adj. 南极的；n. 南极洲
9.tap /tæp/ n. 水龙头；轻拍 v. 轻敲
10.boil /bɔɪl/ v. 煮沸；沸腾
11.filter /ˈfɪltə(r)/ v. 过滤；n. 过滤器
12.significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 显著地；大大地
13.reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少；降低
14.level /ˈlevl/ n. 水平；等级
15.publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v. 出版；发表
16.trap /træp/ v. 捕获；困住；使陷入 n. 陷阱
17.calcium /ˈkælsiəm/ n. 钙
18.carbonate /ˈkɑːbəneɪt/n. 碳酸盐
19.sample /ˈsɑːmpl/ n. 样本；样品
20.type /taɪp/ n. 类型；种类
21.polystyrene /ˌpɒliˈstaɪriːn/ n. 聚苯乙烯
22.polyethylene /ˌpɒliˈeθəliːn/ n. 聚乙烯
23.polypropylene /ˌpɒliˈprəʊpəliːn/ n. 聚丙烯
24.potential /pəˈtenʃl/ adj. 潜在的；可能的 n. 潜力
25.path /pɑːθ/ n. 道路；小路
26.exposure /ɪkˈspəʊʒə(r)/ n. 暴露；接触
27.harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的
28.intake /ˈɪnteɪk/ n. 摄入；摄取
29.demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v. 证明；展示
30.upgrade /ˈʌpɡreɪd/ v. 升级；提升
31.treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗；处理
32.plant /plɑːnt/ n. 工厂；植物
三．文中词块积累
1.settle in 定居；安顿下来
2.fall in 陷入；落入；（雨、雪等）落下
3.fall in fresh Antarctic snow 落在新鲜的南极雪中
4.a simple, cheap measure 一种简单、廉价的方法
5.a common source of pollution 一种常见的污染源
6.stick inside volcanic rocks 卡在火山岩内部
7.fill the stomachs of seabirds 填满海鸟的胃
8.appear inside humans 出现在人体内
9.reduce the level of microplastics 降低微塑料的含量
10.water from your tap 自来水
11.boil and filter it 煮沸并过滤它
12.remove at least 80% of its microplastics 去除至少80%的微塑料
13.hard water 硬水
14.lead to an almost 90 percent drop 导致近90%的下降
15.in samples with less than ... 在低于……的样本中
16.by just 25 percent 仅25%
17.focus only on three common types 只集中于三种常见类型
18.reduce microplastic exposure 减少微塑料暴露
19.become increasingly difficult 变得日益困难
20.contain 10 to 1,000 times more ... than 比……多10到1000倍
21.originally thought 原先认为的
22.determine how harmful ... are 确定……有多大危害
23.raise concerns 引发担忧
24.limit intake 限制摄入
25.upgrade drinking water treatment plants 升级饮用水处理厂
26. be involved in 参与；卷入
四．长难句分析
1. Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.
结构：破折号前后为两个并列分句。后一分句中，主语 they 指代 microplastics，谓语为四个并列的完成时动词：have settled, (have) stuck, (have) filled, (have) fallen，其中 stuck 前省略了 have。
翻译：微塑料已成为地球上一种常见的污染源——它们沉降在深海和喜马拉雅山脉，卡在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至飘落在新鲜的南极雪中。
2. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
结构：主句为 researchers found that...；that 引导宾语从句。宾语从句中动名词短语 boiling tap water是主语，谓语是 could remove 。两个破折号之间的内容 then filtering it after it cools 是插入语，补充说明煮沸后的步骤；其中 after it cools 是时间状语从句。
翻译：在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中，中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸仅五分钟——然后冷却后过滤——可以去除其中至少80%的微塑料。
3. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.
结构：句首介词短语 in samples... 作状语，主语 boiling，谓语 reduced，宾语 the level of plastics，by just 25 percent 表示减少的幅度。
翻译：但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本中，煮沸仅使塑料含量减少了25%。
4. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
结构：主句为 bottled water contains ... microplastics。插入语 scientists found earlier this year 为主谓结构，相当于 “as scientists found earlier this year”。比较结构 “times more ... than” 表示倍数。
翻译：科学家今年早些时候发现，即使是瓶装水，其含有的微塑料也比原先认为的多10到1000倍。
5. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns.
结构：破折号连接两个分句。前一分句中 how harmful microplastics are 为 determine 的宾语从句；后一分句中 what they do know 为主语从句，has raised 为谓语。
翻译：科学家仍在试图确定微塑料有多大危害——但他们已知的情况已经引发了担忧。
6.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice, ”Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist.
结构：复合句。主句是 Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay... tells New Scientist 。主语 The way 后省略了关系代词 that/in which 引导定语从句；从句 how microplastics were trapped... 作 demonstrated 的宾语。中间的 an environmental engineer... 是插入语对主语身份进行解释，其中 who was not involved... 是定语从句修饰先行词 engineer 。
翻译：未参与该研究的苏格兰格拉斯哥大学环境工程师卡罗琳·高肖特-林赛告诉《新科学家》：“他们演示了微塑料如何在煮沸过程中被捕获的方法很不错。”
五．全文翻译
微塑料已成为地球上一种常见的污染源——它们沉降在深海和喜马拉雅山脉，卡在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至飘落在新鲜的南极雪中。它们甚至出现在人类体内。
现在，一项新的研究表明，一种简单、廉价的方法可能显著降低自来水中微塑料的含量：煮沸并过滤。在周三发表于《环境科学与技术快报》的一项研究中，中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸仅五分钟——然后冷却后过滤——可以去除其中至少80%的微塑料。
关键在于，这个过程依赖于水中含有足够的碳酸钙来捕获塑料。在这项研究中，煮沸含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水导致塑料含量下降近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样本中，煮沸仅使塑料含量减少了25%。此外，该研究并未涵盖所有类型的塑料。研究团队只集中研究了三种常见类型——聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯和聚丙烯——他们没有研究之前在水里发现的其他化学物质，如氯乙烯。
尽管如此，这些发现为减少微塑料暴露提供了一条潜在的路径——而这项任务正变得越来越困难。科学家今年早些时候发现，即使是瓶装水，其含有的微塑料也比原先认为的多10到1000倍。
科学家仍在试图确定微塑料有多大危害——但他们已知的情况已经引发了担忧。这项新研究表明，煮沸自来水可以成为一种限制摄入的工具。“他们通过煮沸过程展示微塑料如何被捕获的方式很不错，”未参与该研究的苏格兰格拉斯哥大学环境工程师卡罗琳·高肖特-林赛（Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay）告诉《新科学家》，“我们应该考虑升级饮用水处理厂，以便它们能去除微塑料。”
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