Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.
【生词】
1.refer 提到；谈及；涉及
2.referred to as 被称为
3.matrix 矩阵；模型；社会环境
【解析】
①Referred to as matrix planting是过去分词短语作状语，修饰整个句子，表示：被称为矩阵式种植；
②this approach是句子的主语，aims是谓语动词，for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden是介词短语作宾语补足语，in the garden是介词短语作状语，表示：让大自然在花园中承担更多的繁重工作；
③even some of the designing通过and和a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden作do的宾语，表示：甚至参与一些设计工作；
【句意】“矩阵种植”这种做法旨在让自然在花园中承担更多的繁重工作，甚至参与一些设计工作。
The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.
【生词】
1.concept 概念；观念
2.sought to 寻找
3.parkland 邸园；公园绿地；公用场地；稀树草原
4.reproducible 可再生的；可繁殖的；可复写的
5.maintenance 维护；保养；保持；维持
【解析】
①The concept是句子的主语，was born是谓语动词，when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II是when引导的时间状语从句，German city planners是从句的主语，sought是从句谓语动词，to plant large areas of parkland after World War II是非谓语动词to do作从句的宾语，after World War II是介词短语作时间状语，修饰从句的谓语动词，句子意思是：第二次世界大战后，德国城市规划者试图种植大面积的公园，这一概念应运而生；
②in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance是介词短语作方式状语，that would need minimal maintenance是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词way，that在从句中作主语，would need是从句的谓语动词，minimal maintenance是句子的宾语，句子意思是：以一种可复制且维护成本极低的方式；
【句意】这一理念诞生于二战后，当时德国城市规划者试图以一种可复制且维护成本极低的方式，对大片公园绿地进行种植规划。
In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
【生词】
1.matrix 矩阵；模型；社会环境
2.grouped 分组的；化合的；分组；分类
3.cooperative 合作的；协作的；乐于配合的
4.ecosystem 生态系统
5.conserve 保护；保存；节省；节约
【解析】
①In a matrix garden是介词短语作地点状语，表示：在矩阵花园中；
②plants with similar cultural needs是句子的主语，with similar cultural needs是介词短语作后置定语，修饰plants，表示：具有相似文化需求的植物；are grouped是谓语动词，so that they will grow together above and below ground是so that引导的目的状语从句，they是从句的主语，will grow是从句的谓语动词，together是副词作状语，above and below ground是介词短语作地点状语，句子意思是：具有相似生长需求的植物被归为一组，这样它们就能在地上和地下共同生长；
③forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds是现在分词短语作结果状语，表示分组带来的结果，a cooperative ecosystem作forming的宾语，that conserves water and discourages weeds是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词ecosystem，that在从句中作主语，conserves和discourages共同作从句的谓语动词，water和weeds作宾语，句子意思是：形成一个合作的生态系统，既能节约用水，又能抑制杂草的生长；
【句意】在矩阵式花园中，具有相似生长需求的植物被归为一组，这样它们就能在地上和地下共同生长，形成一个合作的生态系统，既能节约用水，又能抑制杂草的生长。
Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife.
【生词】
1.popularize 宣传；推广；使普及
2.flavor 风味；情味；香料；滋味
【解析】
①Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens是句子的主语，popularized是谓语动词，this style是句子的宾语，意思是：荷兰园艺师兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格；
②adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form是现在分词短语作伴随状语，artistic flavors作adding的宾语，to the planting mixes是介词短语作状语，while playing with color and form是while引导的时间状语，表示：在搭配色彩与造型的同时，为种植混合增添了艺术气息；
③including four-season interest和serving the needs of wildlife是现在分词短语作补充说明，进一步描述这种风格的特点，共同作为对前面动作popularized的补充说明，表示：包括四季景观的打造，以及满足野生动物的需求；
【句意】荷兰园艺师兼设计师Piet Oudolf的花园推广了这种风格，在搭配色彩与造型的同时，为植物组合增添了艺术韵味，包括四季景观的打造，以及满足野生动物的生存需求。
Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth.
【生词】
1.concept 概念；观念
2.soil 泥土；土壤
3.arrange 安排；筹备
4.pattern 模式；方式；图案；花样
【解析】
①Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,”是过去分词短语作状语，为句子提供背景信息，表明动作发生的前提条件，of “right plant, right place,”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰the concept，表示：“适地适树”的理念；句子意思是：在“适地适树”理念的引领下；
②they是句子的主语，match是句子的谓语动词，plants是句子的宾语，that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词plants，that在从句中作主语，enjoy是从句的谓语，the same soil, sun and weather conditions是从句的宾语，句子意思是：他们将喜好相同土壤、光照和气候条件的植物进行搭配；
③arrange them according to their patterns of growth是通过and和match并列的谓语动词，them作宾语，according to their patterns of growth是介词短语作方式状语，说明arrange的方式或依据，意思是：并根据它们的生长模式进行排列；
【句意】在“适地适树”理念的引领下，他们将喜好相同土壤、光照和气候条件的植物进行搭配，并根据它们的生长模式进行排列。
Yet as Martin has found in her work, gender is one of the fundamental ways people form connections with objects, particularly those designed with human characteristics.
【生词】
1． fundamental 根本的；基本的；必需的；必不可少的
2． particularly 非常；尤其；特别是
3． designed 精心设计的；有计划的
4． characteristic 特征；特点；特色
【解析】
① Yet 连接词，用于引出对比或转折，表示与前述内容形成对比或补充；
② as Martin has found in her work是as引导的状语从句，提供信息的来源，这里说明了接下来的观点是基于Martin在其研究中发现的事实。Martin是句子的主语，has found是句子的谓语动词，in her work是介词短语作状语，修饰谓语动词，宾语被省略了，以符合英语中常见的省略结构，但根据语境和语法规则，我们可以推断出这个宾语应该是与Martin的工作发现相关的内容或事实。意思是：然而，正如Martin在她的工作中发现的那样；
③ gender是主句的主语，is是系动词，one of the fundamental ways是句子的表语，people form connections with objects是省略了关系代词that/in which的定语从句，修饰先行词ways，people是定语从句的主语，form是从句的谓语动词，connections是从句的宾语，with objects是介词短语作状语，修饰谓语form，句子意思是：性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式之一；
④ particularly是副词作状语，those是代词，代指前面提到的objects，designed with human characteristics是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰those，表示：尤其是与那些具有人类特征设计的物品；
【句意】然而，正如Martin在她的工作中发现的那样，性别是人们与物体建立联系的基本方式之一，尤其是与那些具有人类特征设计的物品。
In her study, Martin asked participants to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.”
【生词】
1． participant 参加者；参与者
2． rate 评价；评定；分级；速度；速率；比率
3． attachment 附加设备；附属物；附件
4． genderless 无性的
【解析】
① In her study是介词短语作状语，表明整个句子发生的背景，即：在她的研究中；
② Martin是句子的主语，asked是句子的谓语动词，participants作句子的宾语，to rate their attachment to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.”是非谓语动词to do结构作宾语补足语，their attachment作rate的宾语，to male, female, and genderless versions of a digital voice assistant and a self-driving car known as “Miuu.”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰attachment，表示：对男性、女性和无性别版本的数字语音助手以及一款名为“Miuu”的自动驾驶汽车的依恋程度；of a digital voice assistant是介词短语做后置定语，修饰version， known as “Miuu.”是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰a self-driving car，表示：一款名为“Miuu”的自动驾驶汽车；整个宾语补足语的意思是：对男性、女性和无性别版本的数字语音助手以及一款名为“Miuu”的自动驾驶汽车的依恋程度；
【句意】在她的研究中，Martin要求参与者对男性、女性和无性别版本的数字语音助手以及一款名为“Miuu”的自动驾驶汽车的依恋程度进行评分。
For example, participants said they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.
【生词】
1． participant 参加者；参与者
2． genderless 无性的
【解析】
① participants是句子的主语，said是句子的谓语动词，they would be less likely to buy a genderless voice assistant than versions with male or female voices.是省略了that的宾语从句，they是句子的主语，would be是从句的系动词，less likely是句子的表语，to buy a genderless voice assistant是非谓语动词to do不定式作状语，表明不太可能做的事情，than versions with male or female voices是than引导的比较状语，with male or female voices是介词短语作后置定语，修饰versions，表示：具有男性或女性声音的版本；
【句意】例如，参与者表示，与具有男性或女性声音的版本相比，他们不太可能购买无性别的语音助手。
For instance, if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu, participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”
【生词】
1． genderless 无性的
2． participant 参加者；参与者
3． assign 分派；布置；分配；指派
4． assign．．．to．．． 分派；分配
【解析】
① if an object’s name was meant to sound genderless, like Miuu，是if引导的条件状语从句，an object’s name是从句的主语，was meant to sound是句子的谓语动词，genderless是主语补足语，补充说明名字的特征，like Miuu是介词短语作插入语，举例说明，具体指出一个听起来无性别特征的名字；意思是：如果一个物体的名字听起来没有性别，比如Miuu；
② participants would still assign a gender to it — they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”是句子的主句，participants是主句的主语，would still assign是主句的谓语动词，a gender是直接宾语，to it是介词短语，表明动作assign的方向，it指代前文提到的object，意思是：参与者们仍然会给它赋予一个性别；
③ they would assume Miuu was a “he” or “she.”破折号后面的内容，是对主句进行补充说明，they作主语，would assume是谓语动词，Miuu was a “he” or “she.”是宾语从句，其中Miuu是主语，was是系动词，a “he” or “she.”不哦表语，意思是：他们会认为Miuu是一个“他”或“她”。
【句意】例如，如果一个物体的名字听起来没有性别，比如Miuu，参与者们仍然会给它赋予一个性别——他们会认为Miuu是一个“他”或“她”。
Similarly, anthropomorphized products could be created to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles — a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations, for instance.
【生词】
1． anthropomorphize 赋予人性；人格化
2． stereotype 模式化的思想；成见；刻板印象
3． inconsistent 不一致的；不协调的；前后矛盾的；反复无常的；易变的
4． assist 帮助；协助
【解析】
① anthropomorphized products是句子的主语，could be created是句子的谓语动词，to take on stereotype-inconsistent roles是非谓语动词to do不定式作目的状语，表示：拟人化产品可以被设计成承担与刻板印象不符的角色；
② a male robot that assists with nursing or a female robot that helps do calculations通过破折号引入具体例子，进一步说明stereotype-inconsistent roles的含义，增强对前面所述内容的理解。that assists with nursing是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词robot，that在从句中作主语，assists with nursing是从句的谓语，表示：一个协助护理工作的男性机器人；that helps do calculations是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词robot，that在从句中作主语，helps是从句的谓语，calculation作宾语，意思是：一个帮助进行计算的女性机器人；
【句意】同样，拟人化产品可以被设计成承担与刻板印象不符的角色，例如，一个协助护理工作的男性机器人，或者一个帮忙做计算的女性机器人。
We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。while 引导的状语从句的主语和主句主语We一致，且状语从句谓语中有be动词，可以将状语从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。完整的状语从句为：while we are conducting invasive plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection。
【翻译】我们将在探索美丽的公园场地的同时，进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子采集工作。
The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，其中like identifying the main idea in a reading passage和such as drawing inferences from a text分别补充说明simple tasks和ones that require mental abstraction。
【翻译】纸质阅读的好处尤其突显在实验者从简单任务——比如识别阅读文章的主旨——转向需要思维抽象的任务时——比如从文本中推断出信息。
According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print．
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。 suited to social media作后置定语修饰mindset, which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词social media，and连接主句并列的谓语approach和devote。
【翻译】根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。
These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know： Are they usable?
【分析】本句是一个并列复合句。前半句中的that作关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the primary data ; 后半句中的since引导原因状语从句，how引导宾语从句作investigate的宾语。
【翻译】现在，这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些观察数据可靠吗?
Using a global dataset of 1．9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns．
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。Using a global dataset ...为分词短语作状语， how引导宾语从句作test的宾语。
【翻译】Daru和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。
This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby．
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。because引导原因状语从句，who引导定语从句修饰先行词the people, recording ...nearby为分词短语作后置定语，修饰citizen scientists 。
【翻译】这是有道理的，因为民间科学家经常通过移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据，他们记录的是在附近地区接触到的物种。
Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.
【分析】本句是一个并列复合句。but连接两个分句。在后半个分句中，包含一个省略了关系词的定语从句，修饰先行词pages。
【翻译】当然，如今虽然有很多在线词典和同义词词典，但我还是足够守旧，更喜欢硬皮封面和可以用手指翻阅的页面。
Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。句子的主干为I decided that 。Between ...and… 为介词短语作状语，其中making my achievement seem small为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰the girl；that引导的宾语从句中，the reason (that) ...表示的原因/理由”。
【翻译】那个女孩让我觉得自己的成就微不足道，加上慢跑让我感觉无聊，我决定以后再也不跑步了，除非有一只大狗追着我跑！
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time．
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。主句为the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road…，by which是“介词+which”引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词the ancient Silk Road。
【翻译】此外，温室周围的丝绸之路花园将带领游客体验受古丝绸之路影响的旅程，丝绸和许多植物物种就是通过这条丝绸之路首次来到英国的。
Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。该句中who引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词是Those。
【翻译】着装不得体者将被拒绝参加。
“You enter the fare gates and you’ll see a kiosk that is lit up and it tells you can get a one-minute, a three-minute, or a five-minute story,” says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit—known as BART.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。句中that引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，先行词是a kiosk；tells后是省略了that的宾语从句；the chief communications officer for the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit是Alicia Trost的同位语；known as BART是过去分词短语作后置定语。
【翻译】旧金山湾区捷运系统(BART)的首席通讯官Alicia Trost说：“你进入检票口，就会看到一个亮着灯的亭子，它告诉你可以选择一分钟、三分钟或五分钟的故事。”
We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干是：We wanted to do something ; where引导定语从句，修饰先行词 something，说明其具体内容，即发起一个呼吁。不定式短语to submit stories for a contest作目的状语，说明发起呼吁的目的，即让艺术家提交故事参加比赛。
【翻译】我们想要做一些事情，即向湾区的艺术家发起呼吁，让他们提交故事参加比赛。
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zero emissions from transporting plants from soil to salad.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。 having a system in the same building为动名词短语作主语，where it’s eaten引导定语从句，修饰先行词building，means为句子谓语。
【翻译】此外，在同一楼内的这一系统(从种植到食用)意味着蔬菜从土壤到沙拉过程中的零排放。
She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic; making for ...as AI是非谓语短语作伴随状语，其中嵌人两个which引导的定语从句，都修饰先行词guide。
【翻译】她从商业人士(而非学者)的实用角度出发，使得这本指南通俗易懂、内容丰富，读完之后，你会觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明。
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
【分析】本句为but连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中包含一个限制性定语从句that powers AI，修饰先行词the computer code。
【翻译】这本书如果落入不当之手，可能会像人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，Campbell拥有二十多年的专业经验，可以将枯燥的内容转化为通俗易懂的内容。
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable, moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句，moving from...to...为V-ing短语作伴随状语。
【翻译】从《AI by Design》中我们很快就会了解到，人工智能已经非常智能，并且将变得更加强大，从当前的“狭义人工智能”一代向通用人工智能发展。
You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构是You’ll compete …, save …, experience …, and boost…，其中when引导时间状语从句。
【翻译】你将与更少的游客竞争，节省开支，体验热门景点的另一面，并在传统的旅游淡季促进经济发展。
Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。主句为…the problems are forgotten…，里面包含一个once引导的条件状语从句；Whatever引导让步状语从句。
【翻译】无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，只要你坐下来与亲朋好友大吃一顿，这些问题都会被忘得一干二净。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating Tang Xianzu, who is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。本句的主体结构是Chinese cultural elements…add an international character to…，其中who引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词Tang Xianzu。
【翻译】纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖的中国文化元素为威廉-莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔的斯特拉福德增添了国际特色。
That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。 That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately; why most pet cats are able to tell immediately为why引导的表语从句；if their owners were around any other cats为if引导的宾语从句作tell的宾语；which they don't usually like为which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰说明它们的主人接触过其他猫的这种情况。
【翻译】这就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即判断它们的主人是否曾接触过其他猫，而它们通常不喜欢主人这样做。
He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters, endings that satisfied the story even if they didn't have a traditionally positive outcome.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。句中that I wanted for the characters、that were right for the characters和that satisfied the story均是定语从句，均修饰各自前面的endings; even if引导让步状语从句;He suggested I think about ...中，suggest意为“建议”其后的宾语从句中用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气，think前省略了should。
【翻译】他建议我思考我想要的角色结局和适合角色的结局之间的区别，即满足故事需要的结局，即使这些结局不是传统意义上的美满结局。
This training taught her to read and write her Chinese upside down — a skill that has turned out to be quite practical, especially whenever we share the newspaper.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。主句主干“This training taught her to read and write her Chinese”为主谓宾补结构;“upside down”为副词短语作方式状语;破折号后面“a skill”为插入语，补充说明前面内容是一项技能;“that has turned out to be quite practical”为关系代词that 引导的限制性定语从句修饰先行词 skill;“especially whenever we share the newspaper”为副词 especially 修饰 whenever 引导的时间状语从句，起强调作用。
【翻译】这次培训教会了她倒着读和写中文--这项技能非常实用，尤其是在我们分享报纸的时候。
A person is thought to develop a habit in the course of pursuing goals by beginning to associate certain cues with behavioural responses that help meet the goal.
【词汇拓展】
in the course of 在...的过程中
pursue (v.)追求 → (n.) pursuit
associate (v.) 联系 → (n.) association → 把...和...联系在一起 associate A with B
* cue (n.) n.暗示，提示
behavioural (adj.) 行为的，行为上的 → (n.) behavior → (v.) behave
【句子分析】
本句为主从复合句。
主干：A person is thought to develop a habit。
其修饰成分为：
① in the course of pursuing goals
② by beginning to associate certain cues with behavioural responses
③ that help meet the goal
翻译：人们认为，一个人在追求目标的过程中，会将某些特定的刺激与有助于实现目标的行为反应联系起来，从而养成一种习惯。
【知识拓展】特殊考点
be believed / known / thought / said / reported / considered to +
动作未完成的动作：主动do
被动be done
已完成的动作：主动have done
被动have been done
The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
【词汇拓展】
key (adj.) 关键的
crowd (n.)人群/ (v.) 聚集 → (adj.) crowded
far → further → furthest指的是程度更深
→ farther → farthest指的是范围更大，距离更远
be divided into被拆分成...
accurate (adj.) 准确的，精确的 → (adv.) accurately
independent (adj.)独立的 → 反义词 dependent → (n.) (in)dependence → (v.) depend → 依赖于 depend on
individual (n.)个人，个体 / (adj.) 单独的，独特的
【句子分析】
本句含有多个从句。主句：The key finding of the study was ...。
①that引导的表语从句，that在句子中不作成分，无含义，该从句的主干是the averages were more accurate。
②when引导的时间状语从句。
③that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smaller groups。
翻译：该研究最重要的发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的组，允许彼此进行讨论时，这些小组的平均结果比同等数量独立个体的平均结果更加准确。
In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
【词汇拓展】
philosophical (adj.)哲学的 → (n.) philosophy/philosopher → (v.) philosophize
foundation (n.) 基础，地基 → (v.) found 建立 → (n.) founder
digital (adj.)数字的，数码的 → (n.) digitalization 数字化
* minimalism (n.)极简主义 → (n.) minimum 最小值
force (n.) 武力，力量/ (v.) 强迫{在本句中引申为某种事物的催动力，促进因素}
increasingly (adv.) 越来越多地，不断增加地 → (v.) increase
intolerable (adj.)难以忍受的 → (v.) tolerate → (adj.) tolerant 宽容的（态度观点题常见）
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。主句：I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism。
①starting作非谓语动词，引导状语，相当于which start with...；其中，that引导的是定语从句，修饰the forces。
②moving作非谓语动词，引导状语，且与①形成先后顺序的逻辑关系。
③注意在英译汉中，定语从句和“名介名”的短语需要从后往前翻。
翻译：在第一部分里，我描述了数字极简主义的哲学基础，首先分析了让许多人的数字生活越来越难以忍受的因素，然后详细探讨了什么是数字极简主义哲学。
The Caribbean Taino, the AustralianAboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice.
【词汇拓展】
The Caribbean Taino 加勒比的泰诺人
Aboriginal土著居民
Benin贝宁（位于非洲西部）；贝宁湾（几内亚湾一部分）
Incas 印加人
achievement (n.) 成绩，成就 → (v.) achieve → (adj.) achievable
give back 归还：将东西送回或归还给原主
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。主句：The CT, AA, AP, I can speak to us。
①all of whom引导的是定语从句。
②speak (to sb.) of sth. 意为“谈论，提及...”。
③through the objects they made作方式状语，they made是定语从句，省略了关联词that。
④a history told through things gives them back a voice中told through things作定语，修饰history。
翻译：加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的原住民、非洲的贝宁人和印加人，所有这些出现在本书中的人们，都可以通过他们制造的物品最有力地向我们讲述他们过往的成就：通过物品讲述的历史让他们重新得到了发声的机会。
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
【词汇拓展】
exploration (n.) 探索，勘察 → (v.) explore → (adj.) explorative
adopt (v.)收养；采纳 → (adj.) adopted/adoptive → (n.) adoption
[辨析] adapt (v.)适应；调整；改编 → (n.) adaption 改编 / adaptability 适应性
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。主句：The goal is to make...and then to teach...。
①make the case for sth 意为“说明某物的情况”。
②including引导的状语用来补充具体内容，后面只能加名词(性短语)。
③why&who&how引导的是宾语从句；work作为动词时意为“起作用，生效”。
④if引导的是条件状语从句。
⑤it’s right for you是decide的宾语从句，省略了关联词that。
翻译：本书的目的是说明数字极简主义的理由，包括详细探讨它有何要求，以及为什么有效，然后教你如何应用这种哲学，如果你确定适合自己。
Even though Britain has a reputation forless-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
【词汇拓展】
reputation (n.) 名声，名誉→ have a reputation for 有...的名声
impressive (adj.) 令人印象深刻的 → (v.) impress → (n.) impression → 给某人留下深刻的印象 leave/make sb. a deep impression → less-than-impressive 令人没什么印象的
top-class (adj.)顶级的 → 中等的 middle-class → 工人阶级 working-class
appear (v.)出现 → (n.) appearance → (反义词) disappear
frequently (adv.)频繁地，经常地 → (adj.) frequent → (n.) frequency
[辨析] fluent (adj.)流利的 → (n.) fluency
recipe (n.)烹饪法，食谱；诀窍，秘诀；原因
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。本句虽然较长，但是结构简单，只需找准结构既可快速拆分句子，理解整体大意。主句：it is producing more top class chefs。
①even though引导的是条件状语从句。
②who&whose作为并列的定语从句，修饰先行词chefs。
③top在本句中作谓语动词，意为“登上顶峰，名列前茅”。
翻译：尽管英国的菜肴有个不怎么样的名声，但是越来越多的顶级厨师来自英国，他们经常出现在电视屏幕上，他们的食谱经常在畅销书列表上名列前茅。
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away frommeat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.
【词汇拓展】
thanks to多亏了
advertise (v.) 打广告 → (n.) advertisement
campaign (n.)活动，战役
*meat-and-two-veg 一荤两素的
ready-made (adj.) 准备好的
adventurous (adj.)冒险的 → (v./n.) adventure → (n.) adventurer
【句子分析】
本句是强调句。该句主要结构为：It is + 强调内容 + that/who 从句，其主要特征是删除掉结构后整个句子仍然完整。
主句：Britons are turning away and becoming more adventurous。
①from和in引导的介词短语作为修饰词，对句子的内容进行进一步解释说明。
②一般用连字符“-”连接在一起的合成词都为形容词。
翻译：正是由于这些电视大厨而不是任何广告活动，英国人正在远离一荤两素和预制菜，他们的烹饪习惯变得更加大胆。
Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
【词汇拓展】
shot (n.)照片 【熟词新义】 → (v.) shoot 射击
prepare (v.)准备 → (n.) preparation → 为...做好准备 make a good preparation for sth./ prepare for
manage (v.)管理 → (n.) management / manager
wisely (adv.)明智地 → (adj.) wise → (n.) wisdom
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。
主句：they are some of my best shots。
①looking back引导的是现在分词作状语，意为“回顾”。
②thought引导的是让步状语从句。
③if引导的是条件状语从句；would have done为虚拟语气，表示“本应该，本能够”，指代与现在事实相反。
翻译：不过，回顾这些照片，它们是我拍得最好的照片，虽然如果我能做好准备并且合理管理时间，它们可能会好得多。
Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowdin the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
【词汇拓展】
process (n.) 步骤，程序，过程 → 在...的过程中 in/during the process
interpretation (n.) 理解，解释，口译 → (v.) interpret → (n.) interpreter
【句子分析】
本句是并列句。
主句：Weiner enters ...and he becomes...。
①with的复合结构表示伴随。
②part of引导的介词短语作becomes的宾语。
③by引导两个并列动词作非谓语，表示“通过...方式”。
翻译：韦纳与历史上最重要的一些哲学家进行对话，在这个过程里，通过解读他们的话语并加入自己的解释，他也融入到了哲学家之中。
Rather than setting plans in stone, I’ve learned that sometimes I need to take the opportunities that are offered, even if they don’t sound perfect at the time, and make the most of them.
【词汇拓展】
rather than 而不是
at the time 在当时 → at times 有时候
make the most of 充分利用
【句子分析】
本句是主从复合句。
主句：I’ve learned that I need to take the opportunities and make the most of them。
①rather than作状语，是直接被转折短语否定掉的信息，侧重的内容在后面；set ... in stone意为“板上钉钉”。
②learned后的that引导宾语从句；而opportunities后的that引导定语从句。
③even if引导的是让步状语从句；and连接的是并列句。
翻译：我明白了有时需要去抓住出现的机会，并且充分利用它们，而不是一成不变地按照计划做，即使这些机会当时听起来并不完美。
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