2023-2025高考真题题目-环境保护

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A composting (堆肥) program at The Wesley School in Los Angeles is helping students get hands-on experience and ways 31(handle) human-driven climate change. For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill 32it would be buried and would produce planet-warming gases.

The school’s composting program 33(come) into being in 2022, and this year, the school held a 34（celebrate) to reveal what happened inside a series of five-foot-tall containers. Steven Wynbrandt, a local farmer 35composting consultant who has helped the school with its program, broke the ties that held the container closed. Rich black compost spilled out from the container.

The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will 36(offer) to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.

It takes two hours for the container to be emptied and prepared to receive 37next day’s lunch leftovers. The other containers remain full of food waste that is in the process of 38(break) down. Decorated 39(poster) on the outside of each container indicate when they can be opened so that the next generation of plants on campus can benefit 40the rich soil.

2022年全国乙卷：阅读理解D

D

The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown. 

First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease. 

Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports. 

It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content. 

However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year. 

Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part. 

32. Why was the sugar tax introduced? 

A. To collect money for schools.B. To improve the quality of drinks. 

C. To protect children's health.D. To encourage research in education. 

33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax? 

A. They turned to overseas markets.B. They raised the prices of their products. 

C. They cut down on their production.D. They reduced their products' sugar content. 

34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected? 

A. Most alcoholic drinks.B. Milk-based drinks.C. Fruit juices.D. Classic Coke. 

35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy? 

A. It is a short-sighted decision.B. It is a success story. 

C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets customers. 

1.

2023全国甲卷阅读理解D

D

Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche—we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.

“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans.

The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.

Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.

Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.

32. How do Americans look at grizzlies?

A. They cause mixed feelings in people.

B. They should be kept in national parks.

C. They are of high scientific value.

D. They are a symbol of American culture.

33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?

A. The European settlers’ behavior.

B. The expansion of bears’ range.

C. The protection by law since 1975.

D. The support of Native Americans.

34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies?

A. The opposition of conservation groups.

B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.

C. The voice of the biologists.

D. The local farmers’ advocates.

35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.

B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.

C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.

D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.

2023全国乙卷：七选五

Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.

What are indoor plants?

Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.37.

Why are indoor plants good for you?

Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “38. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.39.

Which plants can you grow?

Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “40,” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”

A. All plants are different

B. Not only do they look beautiful

C. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors

D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer

E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best

F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help

G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding