考点七：不定代词的用法
例7． It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which ________of his parents spoke the language.
【答案】neither
【解析】考查代词。句意：在一个父母都不说英语的家庭里，他很难学习英语。由前一句意义可知，父母两人都不说英语，应用neither of。故填neither。
考点八：“介词+名词” 短语
例8．Two experts from Sotheby's confirmed the bowl was from the 1400s when they were able to look at it ________ person.
【答案】in
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：两位苏士比拍卖行专家表示，当亲眼看到这只瓷碗时，他们确信这件文物可追溯到15世纪。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配in person，表示“亲自”的意思，符合句意。故填in。
考点九：“形容词+介词”短语
例9．The “new four great inventions” are all related __________ China’s high-tech innovation (创新), which has improved the people’s living standard.
【答案】to
【解析】 考查固定词组。句意：“新四大发明”全都与中国的高科技创新有关系，这种创新已经改善了人们的生活水平。be related to是固定短语，意思是“同……有联系”。故填to。
考点十：“动词+介词”短语
例10．You are not wearing your seat belt, so you can slide in and out of your seat easily. That sounds __________ a lot of fun.
【答案】like
【解析】考查固定词组。句意：你没有带安全带，因此你可以容易地在座椅上移动。这听起来像是很有趣。sound like意为“听起来像……”。故填：like。
考点十一：介词习惯用法
例11．The survey shows that roughly three-quarters of the 86 tree species surveyed have shifted their population centers westward __________ 1980.
【答案】since
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个调查表明自1980年以来，被研究的86个树种中大约有3/4的树种把种群中心往西移动。since作介词，意思是“自……以来”。故填since
考点十二：介词短语用法
例12． In addition __________ many awards Damon has received, including Academy Awards and Golden Globe Awards, he received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2007 for his work in the film industry.
【答案】to
【解析】 考查固定词组。句意：Damon除了获得包括奥斯卡金像奖及金球奖的许多奖项外，他因为在电影业中的工作在2007成为好莱坞星光大道上的明星。in addition to是固定短语，意思是“除……之外”。故填to。
真题演练
1. (2023•浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history ___________ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic events.
1. as
考查介词。句意：感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史，同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事，甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知，空格处译为“作为”，as是介词意为“作为”，符合句意。故填as。
2.（2022新高考I卷）Giant pandas also serve ___________ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
2. as。
【解析】考查介词。句意：大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色，为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。固定短语：serve as (充当)。故填as。
3.（2022全国甲卷）Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___________ Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
3. from。
【解析】考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
4.（2022全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___________ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
4. by。
【解析】考查介词。句意：2019年11月47日，联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知，此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动，使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
5.（2022北京卷）Helen was walking down the street late ________ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags.
5. in
【解析】考查介词。句意：深夜，海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”，固定搭配。故in。
6. (2021全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It was built originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
6 in
【解析】考查介词。句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知，表示“在某个朝代”应用介词in。
7. (2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism has its origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept __________ the late 1980s.
7. until
【解析】考查介词。句意：直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知，此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”，表示“直到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。
8. (2021浙江6月卷) In 1844 they bought it __________ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
8. for
【解析】考查介词。buy sth for money是固定搭配，表示“用……价钱买东西”。
9. (2021浙江1月卷) The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased __________2.1 in women and men.
9. by
【解析】考查介词。increase by是固定词组，表示“增加了……”，by表示数量的变化。
10. (2020全国II卷)Bamboo plants are associated __________ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy to care for and make great presents.
10. with【解析】考查介词。be associated with是固定词组，表示“与……有联系”。
11. (2020新高考卷)Museums must compete __________people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.
11. for
【解析】考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:compete for，意为: “为了……竞争”。
12. (2020浙江6月卷)Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived __________, through agriculture.
12. in
【解析】考查介词。公元前10000年以后，人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知，“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句，定语从句引导词被省略，可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语，即：they lived in the world. live in+名词，意为“居住在某地”。
13. (2020浙江1月卷)This aging of the population is driven __________ two factors. The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes older than before.
13. by
【解析】考查介词。此句为被动语态，介词by的宾语是动作的执行者。
14. (2020北京卷) Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall apart __________countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them.
14. to/into
【解析】考查介词。fall apart是固定词组，表示“坍塌，破碎”，后面to/into表示结果。
15. (2020天津卷) For my fifth birthday, my mother baked me a cake __________ the shape of a monkey.
15. in
【解析】考查介词。in the shape of是固定词组，表示“以……的形状”。
16. (2020天津卷) I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother kept an eye __________ him.
16. on
【解析】考查介词。keep an eye on 是固定词组，表示“关照，注意”。
17. (2020江苏卷) Taking on this challenge will bring you in contact __________ someone who shares your interests.
17. with
【解析】考查介词。in contact with是固定词组，表示“与……保持联系”。
18. (2019全国I卷) Modern methods __________ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
18. of/for
【解析】考查介词。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。
19. (2019全国III卷) We were first greeted with the barking by a pack __________ dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
19. of
【解析】考查介词。考查介词。“a pack of” 是固定词组，意为“一群”。故填of。
20. (2019浙江6月卷) But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer __________ this question is not clear.
20. to
【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。
21. (2019北京卷) Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated __________1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
21. in
【解析】考查介词。考查介词的用法，年份前面应该加介词in。
22. (2018全国III卷)My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a scientist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching __________ these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.
22. for
【解析】考查介词。search for是固定词组，表示“寻找”。
23. (2018浙江6月卷)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home __________ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
23. for
【解析】考查介词。该句表示“表示去母亲家去吃饭”，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
24. (2018全国I卷)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life ____________ walking, cycling or swimming.
24. than
【解析】考查介词。这是“形容词/副词比较级+than+…”句型。
25. (2017全国II卷) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and __________ work.
25. from
【解析】考查介词。travel to and from work是固定词组，表示“上下班”。
