掌握核心句型是中考英语取得好成绩的关键。这些句型不仅是语法填空题的考点,更是书面表达的框架。以下是根据近年中考考纲和真题整理的中考英语必记句型分类速览,包含结构公式、典型例句和考点提示。
中考英语必记句型分类速览
一、 并列与连接句型
这类句型主要考察两个或多个对等成分的连接,以及主从句之间的关系,是中考语法填空和写作的常用结构。
1. as soon as (一……就……)
结构:
+ 从句(主将从现)例句:He will call us as soon as he arrives in the USA. (他一到美国就会给我们打电话。)
2. not only … but also … (不但……而且……)
结构:连接主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
例句:Not only the students but also the teacher likes this movie. (不仅学生们,而且这位老师也喜欢这部电影。)
3. either … or … (要么……要么……)
结构:连接主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
例句:Either you or he is wrong. (要么是你错了,要么是他错了。)
4. neither … nor … (既不……也不……)
结构:连接主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
例句:Neither he nor I am a student. (他和我都不是学生。)
5. not … until … (直到……才……)
注意:主句的谓语动词必须是短暂性动词。
例句:He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. (直到他妈妈回来他才睡觉。)
6. so … that … / such … that … (如此……以至于……)
结构:
so + 形容词/副词 + that 从句;such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that 从句例句:He ran so fast that we couldn‘t catch up with him. (他跑得如此快以至于我们赶不上他。)
例句:It is such an interesting book that I read it again. (这是如此有趣的一本书以至于我又读了一遍。)
二、 动词接续与搭配句型
这类句型考察动词后跟动词的形式(to do / doing / do),是考试中的“固定搭配”高频区。
7. had better (not) do sth. (最好做/不做某事)
结构:
had better + (not) + 动词原形例句:You’d better not eat too much meat. (你最好不要吃太多肉。)
8. Why not do sth.? / Why don‘t you do sth.? (为什么不做某事?)
功能:提建议的经典句型。
例句:Why not ask the teacher for help? (为什么不向老师求助呢?)
9. Would / Could you please do sth.? (请你做某事好吗?)
功能:委婉地提出请求。
例句:Could you please say it again more slowly? (请你再慢一点说一遍好吗?)
10. enjoy / practice / finish / mind / keep + doing sth. (喜欢/练习/完成/介意/继续做某事)
规律:后接动名词作宾语的动词集合。
例句:We enjoy watching TV. (我们喜欢看电视。)
11. tell / ask / want / would like / teach sb. (not) to do sth. (告诉/要求/想要/教某人(不)做某事)
结构:
动词 + 宾语 + (not) + 动词不定式例句:My mother told me to buy some milk. (我妈妈叫我去买些牛奶。)
12. let / make / have sb. do sth. (让/使某人做某事)
结构:使役动词后接不带to的动词不定式。
例句:The news made her cry. (这个消息让她哭了。)
13. see / hear / watch sb. do / doing sth. (看见/听见某人做了/正在做某事)
辨析:
do表示看见全过程或经常发生;doing表示看见正在发生。例句:I saw him pick up the trash. (我看见他捡起了垃圾。)
14. spend … (in) doing / on sth. (花费时间/金钱做某事)
结构:
人 + spend + 时间/钱 + (in) doing sth.或on sth.例句:I spent two hours doing my homework. (我花了两个小时做作业。)
15. It takes sb. some time to do sth. (做某事花了某人多长时间)
结构:
It takes + 人 + 时间 + to do sth.例句:It took me two hours to finish the work. (完成这项工作花了我两个小时。)
16. stop to do / stop doing (停下来去做/停止做)
辨析:
stop to do是停下(原来的事)去做另一件事;stop doing是停止正在做的事。例句:The bell rang. We stopped talking and began to have our lesson. (铃响了,我们停止了讲话开始上课。)
三、 比较与选择句型
17. as … as … (和……一样……)
结构:形容词/副词原级。
例句:This film is as interesting as that one. (这部电影和那部一样有趣。)
18. not as/so … as … (不如……)
结构:形容词/副词原级。
例句:He doesn‘t run so fast as Jim. (他跑得不如吉姆快。)
19. 比较级 + and + 比较级 (越来越……)
例句:The weather gets warmer and warmer. (天气变得越来越暖和。)
20. The + 比较级 …, the + 比较级 … (越……,就越……)
例句:The more you read, the better you will understand. (你读得越多,理解得就越好。)
四、 It作形式主语句型
21. It‘s + adj. (+ for sb.) + to do sth. (做某事对某人来说是……的)
例句:It’s important for us to learn English well. (对我们来说学好英语很重要。)
22. It‘s time (for sb.) to do sth. / It’s time for sth. (该做某事了)
例句:It‘s time for us to go to school. (我们该去上学了。)
23. It’s one‘s turn to do sth. (轮到某人做某事了)
例句:It’s your turn to clean the blackboard. (轮到你擦黑板了。)
24. It‘s said / reported / believed that … (据说/据报道/人们相信……)
例句:It’s said that the new bridge will be finished next year. (据说这座新桥明年完工。)
五、 存在与疑问句型
25. There be … (某地有某物)
结构:
There be + 名词 + 地点,be动词的单复数由就近的名词决定。例句:There is a boat in the river. (河里有条船。)
26. What‘s wrong with …? / What’s the matter with …? (……怎么了?)
例句:What‘s wrong with your watch? (你的手表怎么了?)
27. How do you like …? / What do you think of …? (你觉得……怎么样?)
例句:How do you like your new school? (你觉得你的新学校怎么样?)
28. I don‘t think that … (我认为……不……)
注意:否定转移现象。
例句:I don’t think he can come. (我认为他不能来。)
六、 常用交际与功能句型
29. Thank you for doing sth. (感谢你做某事)
例句:Thank you for helping me. (感谢你帮助我。)
30. What / How about doing sth.? (做某事怎么样?)
例句:What about going to the cinema? (去看电影怎么样?)
31. So + 助动词/情态动词/be + 主语 (……也是如此)
例句:He is a student. So am I. (他是学生,我也是。)
32. Neither / Nor + 助动词/情态动词/be + 主语 (……也不这样)
例句:He doesn‘t like sports. Neither do I. (他不喜欢运动,我也不喜欢。)
附:中考英语必备8大时态结构简表
一般现在时:
do/does(习惯,真理)一般过去时:
did(过去动作)一般将来时:
will do或be going to do(计划或预测)现在进行时:
am/is/are doing(正在进行)过去进行时:
was/were doing(过去某时正在进行)现在完成时:
have/has done(过去发生,对现在有影响或持续到现在)过去完成时:
had done(过去的过去)过去将来时:
would do(从过去看将来)
复习建议
建议考生不要死记硬背,而是将每个句型代入不同的话题语境(如:环保、家庭、学校生活)中进行造句练习。例如,复习“so...that”时,可以造句:“The environment is so polluted that we must take action.” 这样不仅能记住结构,更能灵活运用于写作之中 。