中考英语时态用法汇总大全
1. 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2. 基本结构:①is/am/are;②do/does②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。(1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 例如:The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 例如:Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 例如:I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 a. 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。 例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开? 十分钟后。 例如:When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。 ②用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词。 (1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。 例如:Where did you go just now? (2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。 例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 注意:used to+ do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。 例如:Mother used not to be so forgetful. Scarf used to take a walk. 1. 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2. 时间状语:now, at this time, these days, etc. 否定形式:am/is/are+not+doing. 例如:We are waiting for you. (2)习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。 例如:Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态) (3) 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 例如:The leaves are turning red. It's getting warmer and warmer. (4) 与always, constantly, forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:You are always changing your mind. (5) 用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。 Are you staying here till next week? 1. 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 例如:My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 2. 时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 否定形式:was/were + not + doing. (1)过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。 例如:We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. (2)过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。 例如:What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday? She was doing her homework then. When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点) (3)在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。 例如:When he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. He was cleaning his car while I was cooking. 1. 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2. 时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes, by the day after tomorrow, etc. 3. 基本结构:①am/is/are/going to+ do;②will+ do. 否定形式:①am/is/are+not+going to+ do;②will not(won't) + do. 一般疑问句:①am/is/are放于句首;②will提到句首。例如:They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. I'll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 例如:Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. He will be thirty years old this time next year. 例如:——Mary has been ill for a week. 玛丽病了一周了。 ——Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her. 噢,我不知道。我去看看她。 5. be going to主要用于一下两个方面: (1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。 例如:Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. (2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。 例如:Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.1. 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。 2. 时间状语:the next day(morning, year), the following month(week), etc. 3. 基本结构:①was/were/going to+ do;②would+ do. 否定形式:①was/were/not+ going to+ do;②would+ not+ do. 一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②would提到句首。 (1)“would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如: 例如:He said he would come to see me. He told me he would go to Beijing. (2)“was/ were+going to+动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。 例如:She said she was going to start off at once. I was told that he was going to return home. 此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看,很可能或即将发生的事情。例如:It seemed as if it was going to rain. (3) come, go, leave, arrive, start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. She told me she was coming to see me. 1. 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。 2. 时间状语:recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc. 否定形式:have/has + not +done. (1) since+ 过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。 例如:I have been here since 1989. 例如:I have been here since five months ago. 例如:Great changes have taken place since you left. 比较since和for:since用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。 例如:I have lived here for more than twenty years. 注意:并非有 for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 例如:I worked here for more than twenty years. 1. 概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。 2. 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month), etc. (1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。 例如:She said (that)she had never been to Paris. (2)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。 例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. (3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。 例如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 注意:had hardly......when...... 刚......就......。 例如:I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. had no sooner......than...... 刚......就......。 例如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
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