一般现在时1. 概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2. 基本结构:① is/am/are;② do/does. 否定形式:① am/is/are + not;② 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don t,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn t,同时还原行为动词。3. 一般疑问句:① 把is/am/are动词放于句首;② 用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。4. 用法(1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning.每天早上我七点离开家。(2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。(3) 表示格言或警句。例如:Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如:Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。(4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:I don t want so much.我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。 (5) 一般现在时表示将来含义a. 下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。b. 在时间或条件句中。例如:When Bill comes (不是will come),ask him to wait for me.比尔来后,让他等我。I ll write to you as soon as I arrive there.我到了那里,就写信给你。一般过去时1. 概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2. 基本结构:① was/were;② 行为动词过去式否定形式:① was/were + not;② 在行为动词前加didn t,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:① was或were放于句首;② 用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。3. 用法(1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?(2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:When I was a child,I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit,they were given a warm welcome.那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。 注意:used to + do:“过去常常”表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:Mother used not to be so forgetful.老妈过去没那么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk.斯卡夫过去常常散步。现在进行时1. 概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2. 时间状语:now,at this time, these days, etc.3. 基本结构:am/is/are + doing否定形式:am/is/are + not + doing.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。4. 用法:(1)表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如: We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。 (2)习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:Mr.Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)(3)表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become,turn, run, go, begin等。 例如:The leaves are turning red.叶子在变红。It s getting warmer and warmer.天越来越热了。(4)与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:You are always changing your mind.你老是改变主意。(5)用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬时动词的现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:I m leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week?你会在这儿呆到下周吗?过去进行时1. 概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 例如:My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。When I got to the top of the mountain,the sun was shining.我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。2. 时间状语:at this time yesterday,at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3. 基本结构:was/were + doing. 否定形式:was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。4. 用法:(1)过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。(2) 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。例如:What was she doing at nine o clock yesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么? (介词短语表示时间点) She was doing her homework then.那个时候她正在写作业。(副词表示时间点)When I saw him he was decorating his room.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点)(3)在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如:When he was waiting for the bus,he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)一般将来时1. 概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2. 时间状语:tomorrow,next day(week,month,year),soon,in a few minutes,by the day after tomorrow,etc。3. 基本结构:① am/is/are/going to + do;② will + do。否定形式:① am/is/are + not + going to + do② will not(won t)+ do。一般疑问句:① am/is/are放于句首; ② will提到句首。4. will主要用于在以下三个方面:(1)表示主观意愿的将来。They will go to visit the factory tomorrow。明天他们将去厂参观工厂。 I ll come with Wang Bing,Liu Tao and Yang Ling。我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。Today is Saturday.Tomorrow will be Sunday.今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。 He will be thirty years old this time next year.明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。 (3)表示临时决定,通常用于对话中。Mary has been ill for a week.玛丽病了一周了。Oh,I didn t know.I will go and see her.噢,我不知道。我去看看她。5. be going to主要用于一下两个方面:(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。 (2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。Look!There come the dark clouds.It is going to rain. 瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。过去将来时1. 概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。2. 时间状语:the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc.3. 基本结构:① was/were/going to + do;② would + do.否定形式:① was/were/not + going to + do;② would + not + do.一般疑问句:① was或were放于句首;② would 提到句首。 4. 用法:(1)“would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。例如:He said he would come to see me.他说他要来看我。He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。(2)“was/ were + going to + 动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。例如:She said she was going to start off at once.她说她将立即出发。I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看,很可能或即将发生的事情。例如:It seemed as if it was going to rain.看来好像要下雨。 (3)come, go, leave, arrive, start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。例如:He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。She told me she was coming to see me.她告诉我她要来看我现在完成时1. 概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在并且有可能继续下去的动作或状态。2. 时间状语: recently, lately, since, for, in the past few years, etc.3. 基本结构:have/has + done.否定形式:have/has + not +done.一般疑问句:have或has。4. since的三种用法:(1)since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:I have been here since 1989.1989起,我一直在这儿。(2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如:I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿,已经有五个月了。(3)since +从句(一般过去时)。例如:Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。比较since和forsince 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years.我现在已不在这里工作。过去完成时1. 概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。2. 时间状语:before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc.3. 基本结构:had + done.否定形式:had + not + done.一般疑问句:had放于句首。4. 用法:(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句种。例如:She said (that)she had never been to Paris.她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。(2)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本…,未能…”。例如:We had hoped that you would come,but you didn t. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。注意: had hardly… when...刚。。。。。。就。。。。。。。例如:I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me.我刚打开门,他就打了我。had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。