一、名词（185个）

1.information 信息；同义：data, details

2.effort 努力；同义：attempt, endeavor

3.situation 情况，形势；同义：circumstances, scenario

4.environment 环境；同义：surroundings, ecosystem

5.community 社区，社群；同义：society, neighborhood

6.energy 能量，精力；同义：power, vitality

7.system 系统；同义：framework, structure

8.process 过程；同义：procedure, operation

9.ability 能力；同义：capacity, skill, capability

10.structure 结构；同义：framework, organization

11.principle 原则，原理；同义：rule, guideline

12.advantage 优势；同义：benefit, edge

13.approach 方法，途径；同义：method, strategy

14.aspect 方面；同义：facet, dimension

15.concept 概念；同义：idea, notion

16.condition 条件，状况；同义：circumstance, state

17.conflict 冲突，矛盾；同义：dispute, clash

18.consequence 结果，后果；同义：result, outcome

19.culture 文化；同义：civilization, heritage

20.difficulty 困难；同义：challenge, obstacle

21.dimension 维度，方面；同义：aspect, extent

22.discussion 讨论；同义：conversation, debate

23.effect 影响，效果；同义：impact, influence

24.element 元素，要素；同义：component, factor

25.equipment 设备；同义：machinery, tools, facility

26.factor 因素，要素；同义：element, consideration

27.function 功能，作用；同义：role, purpose

28.impact 影响，冲击；同义：effect, influence

29.improvement 改善，改进；同义：enhancement, upgrade

30.influence 影响，影响力；同义：impact, sway

31.initiative 倡议，主动性；同义：proposal, start

32.interaction 互动，相互作用；同义：exchange, engagement

33.investigation 调查；同义：inquiry, examination, research, study

34.issue 问题，议题；同义：topic, matter

35.method 方法，方式；同义：approach, technique

36.challenge 挑战；同义：difficulty, test

37.service 服务；同义：assistance, support

38.knowledge 知识；同义：information, awareness, wisdom

39.courage 勇气；同义：bravery, boldness

40.development 发展，开发；同义：growth, progress, expansion

41.organization 组织；同义：company, institution

42.responsibility 责任；同义：duty, obligation

43.achievement 成就，成绩；同义：accomplishment, success

44.opportunity 机会；同义：chance, occasion

45.relationship 关系；同义：connection, bond

46.construction 建设，构造；同义：building, formation

47.contribution 贡献；同义：input, donation

48.determination 决心，坚定；同义：resolve, commitment, resolution

49.impression 印象，感觉；同义：perception, feeling

50.leadership 领导力；同义：guidance, management

51.possibility 可能性；同义：potential, chance

52.recognition 认可，识别；同义：acknowledgment, identification

53.requirement 要求，需求；同义：necessity, condition

54.solution 解决方案；同义：answer, resolution

55.tradition 传统；同义：custom, heritage, legacy

56.analysis 分析；同义：examination, study

57.characteristic 特征，特点；同义：trait, feature

58.circumstance 环境，情况；同义：situation, condition

59.concentration 集中，浓度；同义：focus, intensity

60.confidence 自信；同义：assurance, selfassurance

61.consideration 考虑，体贴；同义：thoughtfulness, concern

62.cooperation 合作；同义：collaboration, teamwork

63.creativity 创造力；同义：innovation, originality, imagination

64.demonstration 演示，示威；同义：showcase, protest

65.distinction 区别，荣誉；同义：difference, honor

66.diversity 多样性；同义：variety, multiplicity

67.efficiency 效率；同义：effectiveness, productivity

68.emphasis 强调；同义：stress, importance

69.evaluation 评估；同义：appraisal, assessment, review, judgment

70.evidence 证据；同义：proof, testimony

71.existence 存在；同义：being, presence

72.exposure 暴露，曝光；同义：revelation, disclosure

73.framework 框架，结构；同义：structure, system

74.generation 一代，产生；同义：era, cohort

75.guidance 指导，引导；同义：direction, advice

76.hypothesis 假设；同义：theory, conjecture, assumption

77.implementation 实施；同义：execution, application

78.indication 指示，迹象；同义：sign, hint

79.insight 洞察力；同义：understanding, perception

80.interpretation 解释，阐释；同义：explanation, translation

81.interview 面试，访谈；同义：quiz, questioning

82.survival 生存；同义：endurance, being alive

83.celebration 庆祝；同义：festivity, applause

84.communication 沟通；同义：interaction, exchange

85.hesitation 犹豫；同义：pause, uncertainty

86.preparation 准备；同义：readiness, arrangement

87.profession 职业，专业；同义：occupation, vocation

88.significance 重要性；同义：importance, meaning, value

89.tendency 倾向；同义：trend, inclination

90.university 大学；同义：college, institution

91.admission 入学，承认；同义：entry, acceptance

92.competition 竞争；同义：contest, rivalry

93.curiosity 好奇心；同义：concern, interest

94.expectation 期望；同义：anticipation, hope, desire

95.exploration 探索；同义：investigation, discovery

96.expression 表达；同义：articulation, statement

97.foundation 基础；同义：base, groundwork

98.innovation 创新；同义：novelty, invention, creation

99.perspective 观点，视角；同义：viewpoint, outlook

100.phenomenon 现象；同义：occurrence, event, incident

101.philosophy 哲学；同义：doctrine, theory

102.potential 潜力；同义：possibility, capacity

103.psychology 心理学；同义：study of mind, psychiatry

104.reflection 反思，反射；同义：reaction, image

105.reputation 名声，声誉；同义：fame, renown

106.strategy 策略；同义：plan, tactic

107.technique 技术，技巧；同义：method, skill

108.theory 理论；同义：hypothesis, doctrine

109.treatment 治疗，处理；同义：therapy, handling

110.variation 变化，变体；同义：change, diversity

111.vision 视野，愿景；同义：sight, foresight

112.adaptation 适应，改编；同义：adjustment, modification

113.complexity 复杂性；同义：intricacy, complication

114.component 组件，要素；同义：part, element

115.criterion 标准，准则；同义：standard, measure

116.definition 定义；同义：explanation, description

117.dependency 依赖；同义：dependence, reliance

118.agreement 协议，同意；同义：accord, contract

119.ambition 雄心，抱负；同义：aspiration, goal

120.appreciation 欣赏，感激；同义：gratitude, recognition

121.argument 论据，争论；同义：debate, discussion

122.atmosphere 气氛，大气层；同义：surrounding, setting

123.behavior 行为；同义：conduct, action

124.belief 信仰，信念；同义：faith, trust

125.benefit 好处，利益；同义：advantage, profit, welfare

126.commitment 承诺，投入；同义：dedication, pledge

127.conversation 对话，交谈；同义：dialogue, chat

128.core 核心；同义：center, essence, spirit

129.criticism 批评，批判；同义：critique, review

130.data 数据；同义：information, statistics

131.debate 辩论，争论；同义：argument, discussion

132.decision 决定，决策；同义：choice, determination

133.dedication 奉献，专注；同义：commitment, devotion

134.description 描述；同义：account, portrayal

135.detail 细节；同义：particular, specifics

136.direction 方向，指导；同义：guidance, orientation

137.discovery 发现；同义：finding, revelation

138.document 文件，文档；同义：record, report

139.emotion 情感，情绪；同义：feeling, sentiment, affection

140.instance 实例，情况；同义：example, case

141.explanation 解释；同义：clarification, interpretation

142.experience 经验；同义：encounter, expertise

143.failure 失败；同义：defeat, flop

144.quality 质量；同义：excellence, standard

145.adventure 冒险；同义：expedition, journey

146.mystery 神秘事物；同义：enigma, puzzle

147.sacrifice 牺牲；同义：offering, surrender

148.treasure 宝藏；同义：wealth, hoard

149.donation 捐赠；同义：contribution, gift

150.drive 动力，驱动；同义：motivation, impetus

151.encounter 遇见，遭遇；同义：meeting, confrontation

152.disappearance 消失；同义：vanishing, loss

153.delay 延迟；同义：postponement, deferment

154.barrier 障碍；同义：obstacle, hindrance

155.ignorance 无知；同义：lack of knowledge, unawareness

156.limit 限制；同义：boundary, restriction

157.appeal 上诉，吸引力；同义：request, charm

158.vacation 假期；同义：holiday, break

159.transport 运输；同义：conveyance, transit

160.attendance 出席，参加；同义：presence, participation

161.shelter 庇护所；同义：refuge, haven

162.schedule 时间表；同义：timetable, plan

163.hatred 憎恨；同义：animosity, loathing

164.obstacle 障碍物；同义：impediment, hurdle

165.pursuit 追求，追赶；同义：chase, quest

166.policy 政策；同义：guideline, rule

167.patience 忍耐；同义：endurance, tolerance

168.origin 起源，来源；同义：source, root

169.consciousness 意识；同义：awareness, perception

170.reference 参考，引用；同义：citation, mention

171.response 回应，反应；同义：reply, reaction

172.role 角色；同义：part, function

173.rule 规则，规定；同义：regulation, guideline

174.scenario 场景，情景；同义：situation, setting

175.source 来源，源头；同义：origin, resource

176.stability 稳定性；同义：steadiness, constancy

177.support 支持，支撑；同义：assistance, backing

178.threat 威胁；同义：menace, danger

179.volume 体积，卷；同义：quantity, book

180.weakness 弱点；同义：flaw, vulnerability, shortcoming

181.decade 十年；同义：ten years

182.fortnight 两周；同义：two weeks

183.score 二十；同义：twenty

184.dozen 十二；同义：twelve

185.adult 成人；同义：grownup

二、动词及动词短语（126个）

1.distinguish/tell A from B 区分 A 与 B

2.publish 出版；同义：come out, be published

3.exercise 锻炼；同义：work out

4.earn/make a living 谋生

5.represent 代表；同义：stand for, (be) on behalf of

6.combine 结合；同义：mix sth up

7.advance 前进；同义：move forward

8.delete 删除；同义：cut out

9.decline 下降，减少；同义：come/go down, drop, fall, decrease, reduce

10.remove 移走；同义：take away

11.absorb 吸收；同义：take in

12.correspond with 与…… 一致；同义：agree with, be consistent with

13.separate 把…… 分开；同义：break sth apart, split, divide

14.replace 用…… 替换；同义：replace…with, use…as an alternative to…

15.answer 回答；同义：reply to

16.harvest 收割；同义：gather, get in

17.boycott 抵制；同义：refuse to accept, resist, reject

18.contradict 与…… 相反 / 对立；同义：be opposite to

19.recite 背诵；同义：learn…by heart

20.fear 害怕；同义：be afraid/scared of

21.quit 退（学）；同义：drop out of (school)

22.delay 推迟；同义：postpone, put off

23.fetch 去拿来；同义：go and bring back

24.match 相匹配；同义：go with

25.bother 打扰；同义：cause trouble to, disturb

26.describe 描述；同义：give a description of

27.announce 宣布；同义：declare sth, make sth known to the public

28.worry about 担心；同义：be concerned/anxious about

29.mention 提到；同义：refer to, talk about/of

30.cater to 满足需要；同义：meet, satisfy the need

31.abandon 放弃；同义：go away from, leave, give up

32.trust 信任，信赖；同义：believe, have confidence/faith in

33.advise 劝某人做；同义：try to persuade sb to do

34.cancel 取消；同义：call off

35.discourage 劝某人不要做；同义：persuade sb not to do

36.draw up 制订计划；同义：make a plan, work out a plan

37.escape 逃跑；同义：run away

38.come into being 开始存在；同义：appear, come into existence

39.enter 进入；同义：come/go into

40.prevent 防止疾病；同义：protect…from sickness, avoid sickness

41.run out of 用完某物；同义：lack sth, sth run out, sth be used up

42.turn a deaf ear to 置若罔闻；同义：refuse to listen to

43.cheer up 高兴起来

44.calculate 算出；同义：figure out

45.differ from 与…… 不同；同义：be different from, vary from…to…

46.determine 做出决定；同义：decide, make a decision

47.resemble 相似，相像；同义：be like, be similar to

48.whisper 低语，耳语；同义：speak in a low voice

49.seek 寻找，追求；同义：look/search/hunt for

50.tease 取笑，逗弄；同义：make fun of, laugh at

51.improve 提高，改善；同义：make/become better, enhance, raise, increase, promote, strengthen

52.celebrate 庆祝；同义：hold a celebration

53.gain weight 长胖；同义：put on weight, grow fat

54.handle 处理；同义：settle, deal with, cope with

55.accelerate 加速；同义：speed up, quicken

56.deserve 值得，应得；同义：be worthy of sth, be worth doing sth

57.ensure 保证，确保；同义：guarantee, make sure/certain

58.allocate 把某物分配给某人；同义：divide sth among sb

59.enable 使能做某事；同义：make sb able to do

60.accuse 控告；同义：accuse sb of sth, charge sb with sth

61.manage to do 成功做某事；同义：succeed in doing sth

62.burst into 突然笑 / 哭起来；同义：burst into laughter/tears, burst out laughing/crying

63.ignore 不理，忽视；同义：overlook, pay no attention to

64.starve 挨饿，饿死；同义：go hungry, die from hunger

65.act as 充当；起…… 的作用；同义：serve as

66.glare at 怒视；同义：look at sth angrily

67.annoy 使生气；同义：make sb angry

68.cover 报道此事；同义：report the event

69.block 影响交通；同义：hold up traffic

70.clarify 澄清，阐明；同义：make sth clear

71.attract 吸引某人；同义：interest/draw sb, appeal to sb, catch sb’s eye/attention

72.cheer sb up 使某人高兴；同义：make sb happy

73.employ 雇用某人；同义：hire sb, take sb on

74.conclude 得出结论；同义：draw a conclusion

75.find out 弄明白；同义：figure out

76.try out 试验；同义：test, experiment (on /with)

77.oppose 反对；同义：be against, object to, disagree with, disapprove of

78.hold the view that 认为；同义：think/believe that, argue/claim that

79.give a speech 做报告；同义：give a presentation /talk

80.account for 占… 比例；同义：make up

81.consult 看医生；同义：go to see a doctor

82.prefer 更喜欢；同义：like sth better

83.inform 告诉某人某事；同义：tell sb sth, keep sb informed of sth

84.devote 致力于；同义：apply/bend/commit oneself to, be bent/committed/devoted to

85.aim at 旨在做；同义：be aimed at doing, be designed/intended to do, be meant to do sth

86.thank 因某事感激某人；同义：be thankful to sb for sth, be grateful to sb for sth, express one’s gratitude to sb for sth, appreciate sth

87.participate in 参加（活动／比赛）；同义：join in, take part in, go in for, get involved in, compete in

88.contribute to 有利于，有助于

89.bear in mind 记住某事；同义：remember sth, keep sth in mind

90.be convinced that 相信，认为；同义：be sure that, think/believe that, hold the firm belief that, have the confidence that

91.assist 帮助某人；同义：help/aid sb, give sb a hand, do sb a favor

92.take…into account 考虑某事；同义：think about sth, consider sth, take sth into consideration

93.long to do 期望做某事；同义：expect/want to do sth, look forward to doing sth, can’t wait to do sth, desire to do sth

94.concentrate on 全神贯注于；同义：focus on, put one’s heart into, be absorbed in, be devoted to

95.affect 影响；同义：have an effect/influence/impact on

96.decline 拒绝；同义：refuse, reject, turn down, say no to

97.admire 尊敬，尊重；同义：respect, show respect for, look up to

98.employ 使用，利用；同义：use, make use of, take advantage of, make the best of

99.pay a visit to 参观；同义：visit, go to…for a visit

100.occur 发生；同义：happen, hit/strike sp., take place, come about

101.occur to sb 想到；同义：sb think of sth, sth strike sb, sb come up with sth

102.recommend 建议；同义：suggest that, advise that, put forward the suggestion that

103.lead to 促成；导致；同义：cause, contribute to, result in, bring about

104.devote…to 把时间用于；同义：spend time (in) doing sth/on sth

105.apologize 向某人道歉；同义：say sorry to sb, make an apology to sb

106.make up one’s mind 决心做某事；同义：decide to do sth, determine/be determined to do sth

107.be located in 位于；同义：be in, lie in, be situated in

108.be aware of 知道，意识到；同义：know, realize, be conscious of, come to realize

109.share the same idea 同意某人的观点；同义：agree with sb

110.attach great importance to 重视，关注；同义：value, pay attention to, take sth seriously, lay stress on

111.spare no efforts 试图做、尽力做某事；同义：try to do sth, try one's best to do sth, attempt/seek to do sth, make an attempt to do sth, make every effort to do sth

112.be satisfied with 对…… 满意；同义：express one’s satisfaction with

113.be occupied with 忙于……；同义：be busy with, bury oneself in

114.consist of 由…… 组成；同义：be made up of, be composed of

115.cover 走（一段路程）；同义：walk/travel

116.cultivate 养成；培养；同义：develop, train, foster

117.count on 指望；同义：depend on, rely on

118.be supposed to 应该；同义：should

119.make up for 弥补；同义：compensate for

120.pick out 挑选；同义：choose, select

121.amount to 总计；同义：add up to

122.attend to 照顾；同义：look after, take care of, tend

123.be confronted with 面对；面临；同义：face, be faced with

124.donate 捐赠；同义：give…away, contribute

125.rocket 激增；同义：increase rapidly, multiply

126.be bound to do 一定做；同义：be sure/certain to do

三、形容词、副词（72个）

1.personally 亲自；同义：in person

2.only 只有；同义：nobody/nothing but

3.particularly 尤其；同义：in particular

4.comfortable 舒适；同义：at ease

5.energetic 精力充沛；同义：full of energy

6.minor 少数；同义：a minority of, a small number of

7.afterwards 后来；同义：after that, later on

8.absent 缺席；同义：be not present at

9.nowadays 目前；同义：at present, at the present time, presently

10.significant 重要；同义：count, matter, be important, be of importance, vital, crucial, essential

11.accidental 偶然地；同义：incidentally, by chance/accident/coincidence, casually, occasionally, at times, now and then, from time to time, once in a while

12.illegal 违法的；同义：not legal, against the law

13.annual 一年一次的；同义：yearly, every year

14.accessible 可进入，可接近的；同义：be easy to enter/reach/use

15.alone 独自地；同义：by oneself

16.endangered 有危险；同义：in danger, at risk

17.adolescent 青少年；同义：teenager

18.available 可得到的；同义：be easily got, obtainable, within the reach of sb

19.anyhow 无论如何；同义：in any way, anyway, in any case

20.whatever 无论什么；同义：no matter what

21.popular 受欢迎的；同义：be well received (by…)

22.calm 平静的；同义：not excited, peaceful

23.abstract 抽象的；同义：not specific

24.active 积极的；同义：not passive, positive

25.cruelly 残酷地；同义：without mercy, mercilessly

26.complicated 复杂的；同义：not simple, complex, intricate

27.artificial 人造的；同义：manmade

28.deliberately 故意地；同义：on purpose, purposely

29.repeatedly 再一次；同义：again, once more, once again, over and over again

30.puzzled 茫然，困惑；同义：at a loss, confused

31.harmful 对…… 有害；同义：do harm to

32.similar 相似，相像；同义：resemble, be like

33.breathless 气喘吁吁；同义：out of breath

34.messy 乱七八糟；同义：in a mess, in disorder

35.rural 农村的；同义：in the countryside

36.urban 城市的；同义：in the city

37.familiar 熟悉；同义：know…well, be acquainted with

38.everywhere 到处；同义：here and there

39.senior 老年人；同义：old people, the old, senior citizens, the aged, the elderly

40.smart 聪明的；同义：clever, bright, wise, intelligent, brilliant

41.fond 喜欢，爱好；同义：like, love, enjoy, be interested in, have a bent for, have an amazing appetite for, be keen on/about, be drunk with, be crazy about, be addicted to, be bent on

42.beneficial 有利于，有助于；同义：be good for, do good to, contribute to, helpful, rewarding

43.upcoming 即将到来；同义：be coming soon, be approaching, be around the corner

44.satisfied 对…… 满意；同义：express one’s satisfaction with

45.angry 对某人生气；同义：get angry with sb, get cross with sb, be annoyed with sb

46.occupied 忙于……；同义：be busy with, bury oneself in

47.expert 擅长做……，精通，熟悉；同义：be good at, be skilled at/in, do well in, have a good command/knowledge of, be familiar/acquainted with

48.suitable 适当的，适合的；同义：be fit for, be appropriate for

49.famous 因…… 而著名；同义：be wellknown for, be noted for, be celebrated for

50.accustomed 习惯于（做）某事；同义：be used to (doing) sth

51.wealthy 富裕的；同义：rich, welloff, welltodo, affluent

52.numerous 许多的；同义：many, much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large number of, a large quantity of, a large amount of

53.exhausted 累的；精疲力竭的；同义：be tired, be worn out

54.immediate 立即；马上；同义：immediately, without hesitation, without delay, swiftly, at once

55.actual 事实上；同义：in fact, in reality, as a matter of fact, in practice, in effect

56.growing 越来越多的；同义：more and more, an increasing number of

57.excellent 优秀的；同义：good, outstanding, distinguished, extraordinary

58.necessary 需要；同义：need, call for, require, demand, be in need of

59.related 与…… 相联系；同义：be relevant to, be linked to, be connected with

60.due 因为；同义：because of, on account of, owing to, thanks to, for the reason that

61.abundant 富于；同义：be rich in

62.bored 厌倦；同义：be tired of, be fed up with

63.common 普通的；同义：ordinary, average

64.severe 严重的；同义：serious

65.various 各种；同义：all/different kinds/types of, a variety of, varieties of, a (wide) range of

66.eventual 最后；同义：finally, eventually

67.enough 足够的；同义：adequate, ample, sufficient

68.most 大多数；同义：the majority of

69.extremely 非常；同义：very, greatly, badly

70.abrupt 突然；同义：suddenly, all of a sudden

71.obvious 显然；同义：obvious, apparent

72.beautiful 漂亮的；同义：pretty, attractive, appealing, charming

四、连词、介词及固定句式（4个）

1.besides 除…… 之外；同义：as well as, in addition to, apart from, along with

2.the moment 一…… 就……；同义：on doing, immediately, directly, instantly, the minute, the second, the instant, as soon as, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when

3.during 期间；同义：in the course of, during the process

4.rather than 宁做 A 不做 B；同义：do A instead of (doing) B