九上/中考重点语法——宾语从句——最全知识清单(附练习)

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九上/中考重点语法——宾语从句——最全知识清单(附练习)

宾语从句 · 中考全解

三大考点:引导词 · 语序 · 时态

九上的同学马上会迎来英语学习中的第一个从句:宾语从句

从学生的暑假预习作业来看,这是很多学生通过自己预习很难掌握到位的一个知识点。所以今天这份讲义文章,给大家做了全面、详细的宾从知识点总结,后附练习帮助巩固。

(文末领取电子版用于打印)

掌握这个从句极其重要,让之后的其他从句的学习能达到事半功倍的效果。



一、什么是宾语从句

在复合句中,用一个句子充当主句谓语动词(或介词、某些形容词)的宾语,就叫宾语从句。

主句
I think ...
我认为...

引导词

that

无词义

宾语从句
he is right 
他是对的

 整句:I think (that) he is right.(我认为他是对的。)

She said that she would go to Beijing.

她说她要去北京。

划线部分就是宾语从句,作 said 的宾语。

💡 一句话理解

普通宾语是一个词(I know him),宾语从句是一个句子(I know that he is right)。位置一样,只是"宾语"变长了。

二、宾语从句的"三要素"

中考对宾语从句的考查,永远围绕以下三点。做题时按这三步检查,不会错。

① 引导词                  从句前面用哪个连接词?that / if(whether) / 疑问词?看从句原来是陈述句、一般疑问句还是特殊疑问句。

② 语序                  从句必须用陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后),绝不能用疑问语序。这是中考最高频的易错点!

③ 时态                  主句和从句的时态要呼应。主句过去时,从句变相应过去时态;客观真理永远用一般现在时。

三、引导词分类详解

1. that 引导(从句来自陈述句)

当原来的句子是陈述句时,用 that 引导。that 在从句中不充当句子成分,也没有词义,口语和非正式文体中常省略。

He told me (that) he had finished his homework.

他告诉我他已经做完作业了。

原句:He had finished his homework.(陈述句 → that)

I believe (that) you can pass the exam.

我相信你能通过考试。

💡 什么时候 that 不能省?

① 多个并列宾语从句中,第二个及以后的 that 不能省;② it 作形式宾语时 that 不省;③ that 引导主语从句、表语从句时不省。

2. if / whether 引导(从句来自一般疑问句)

当原来的句子是一般疑问句(用 Yes/No 回答的问句)时,用 if 或 whether 引导,意为"是否"。

Do you know if/whether he will come tomorrow?

你知道他明天是否会来吗?

原句:Will he come tomorrow?(一般疑问句 → if/whether)

✗ 错误

✓ 正确

I don't know if will he come.

语序错了!从句要用陈述语序。

I don't know if he will come.

主语 he 在前,谓语 will come 在后。

⚠ if vs whether 的区别(中考高频)

① 紧跟 or not 时只用 whether;② 介词后面只用 whether;③ 接不定式时只用 whether;④ 句首只用 whether。

3. 连接代词/连接副词引导(从句来自特殊疑问句)

当原来的句子是特殊疑问句时,用原来的疑问词引导。常见的有:

类别

引导词 / 在从句中的作用

连接代词                  (作主语/宾语/定语)

what(什么事物)、who(谁,主格)、whom(谁,宾格)、whose(谁的)、which(哪一个)

连接副词                  (作状语)

when(时间)、where(地点)、why(原因)、how(方式)

Can you tell me where the nearest station is?

你能告诉我最近的车站在哪里吗?

原句:Where is the nearest station? → where the nearest station is

I don't know what he is doing now.

我不知道他现在在做什么。

She asked me how I had solved the problem.

她问我是怎么解决这个问题的。

四、陈述语序——中考第一易错点

宾语从句一律用陈述语序,即"主语 + 谓语"的顺序。不管原来的问句怎么倒装,变成从句后都要还原。

疑问句(不能直接做从句)

宾语从句(陈述语序)

Where does he live?

I don't know where he lives.

What is she doing?

Tell me what she is doing.

When will they come?

Do you know when they will come?

How can I get there?

He asked how I could get there.

Who is your teacher?

I know who your teacher is.

⚠ 语序变化的规律

① 有助动词 do/does/did → 去掉助动词,动词变回相应形式;② 有 be 动词/情态动词 → 把它们放回主语后面;③ 疑问词本身作主语时 → 语序不变。

💡 做题口诀

先看引导词,再调陈述序,最后对时态。三步法搞定宾语从句选择题。

五、时态呼应规则

规则一:主句是现在时/将来时 → 从句按需用时态

主句如果是一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时,从句根据实际情况用任何需要的时态,不受限制。

I know that he lives in London.(一般现在时)

I know that he is writing a letter now.(现在进行时)

I know that he has finished it.(现在完成时)

I know that he will come tomorrow.(一般将来时)

主句都是 I know(一般现在时),从句时态随心所欲。

规则二:主句是过去时 → 从句变"相应过去时态"

主句如果是一般过去时、过去进行时等,从句必须把现在时"倒退一步"变成过去时态。

现在 → 过去

He says, "I am busy." → He said that he was busy.

现在进行 → 过去进行

She says, "I am reading." → She said that she was reading.

现在完成 → 过去完成

They say, "We have finished." → They said that they had finished.

一般将来 → 过去将来

Tom says, "I will go." → Tom said that he would go.

规则三:客观真理 → 永远用一般现在时

如果从句说的是客观事实、科学真理、自然现象、名言警句,即使主句是过去时,从句仍然用一般现在时,时态不后退。

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。

光速是客观真理 → travels 不变,不用 traveled。

He said that the earth goes around the sun.

他说地球绕着太阳转。

⚠ 中考最爱考的"例外"

看到主句是过去时,不要条件反射地把从句也改成过去时!先判断从句是不是客观真理。例如:The teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.(不是 moved)

六、否定转移

当主句的谓语是 think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine 等表示"认为、猜想"的动词,且主语是第一人称 I/we、时态为一般现在时时,从句的否定要转移到主句上来。

✗ 错误

✓ 正确

I think he is not right.

中文思维,英语习惯不这样说。

I don't think he is right.

我认为他不对。否定转移到主句。

I don't believe (that) he can finish the work by himself.

我相信他不能独自完成这项工作。

💡 反意疑问句也跟着转移走

I don't think he is right, is he?(不是 don't you?)否定转移到了主句,但从句的 he is right 才是真正的表意核心。

七、it 作形式宾语

当宾语从句后面还有宾语补足语时,常用 it 作形式宾语,把真正的宾语从句放到后面去,保持句子平衡。

I think it important that we should learn English well.

我认为学好英语很重要。

= I think that we should learn English well is important.(但太头重脚轻)

常见结构:主语 + find/think/make/consider + it + 形容词/名词 + that 从句

八、中考常见题型与解题技巧

题型一:选择填空——选引导词

解题步骤:看从句原来是什么句——陈述句用 that;一般疑问句用 if/whether;特殊疑问句用原疑问词。

题型二:语序判断——找陈述语序

第1题:Could you tell me ______ the nearest hospital is?

A. whatB. howC. whereD. when

【答案】C. where。从句说的是"最近的医院在哪里",问地点用 where。

第2题:I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow. ______ he comes, I'll tell you.

A. if; WhetherB. whether; IfC. if; ThatD. if; If

【答案】B. whether; If。第一空宾语从句"是否";第二空条件状语从句"如果",只能用 if。

第3题:Do you know ______ at the bus stop?

A. who are they waiting forB. whom they are waiting forC. who they are waitingD. whom are they waiting for

【答案】B。首先排除 A、D(疑问语序错);wait for 是固定搭配,介词 for 不能丢,排除 C。

第4题:The teacher told us that the earth ______ around the sun.

A. movedB. movesC. is movingD. was moving

【答案】B. moves。地球绕太阳转是客观真理,即使主句 told 是过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。

第5题:He asked me ______.

A. what was the matter with meB. what the matter was with meC. what is the matter with meD. what the matter is with me

【答案】A. what was the matter with me。what's the matter 本身就是陈述语序(what 作主语);主句 asked 是过去时,is 变 was。

九、易错点 TOP 8 汇总

#

易错点

正确做法

1

从句还用疑问语序(Where does he live?)

改为陈述语序:where he lives

2

if 和 whether 混用(介词后用 if)

介词后、or not 前、不定式前用 whether

3

主句过去时,从句忘记倒退时态

现在→过去,现在完成→过去完成,will→would

4

客观真理也跟着倒退时态

客观真理/科学事实永远一般现在时

5

think 否定不转移

I think he is not right → I don't think he is right

6

what's wrong / what's the matter 语序调整错误

本身就是陈述语序,what 作主语,语序不变

7

that 在并列从句中全部省略

第二个及以后的 that 不能省

8

宾语从句中重复使用助动词 do/does/did

陈述语序中不需要助动词,直接用动词正确形式

十、实战练习(附答案)

1. — Do you know ______ the Capital Museum?— Next Friday.

A. when will they visitB. when they will visitC. when did they visitD. when they visited

2. Mike says ______ he will be back in an hour.

A. whatB. ifC. thatD. where

3. I was told ______ Bill Gates is thirteen years old when he first began to play with computers.

A. whatB. thatC. whenD. why

4. — Could you tell me ______?— He is a doctor.

A. what is heB. what he isC. who is heD. who he is

5. He asked his father ______.

A. where it happensB. what was happenC. how it happenedD. how did it happen

6. 用括号中动词的正确形式填空:The teacher told us that light ______ (travel) much faster than sound.

7. 改为同义句:"Where does he live?" Could you tell me?→ Could you tell me ______ ______ ______?

答案:1~5:BCBBC      6:travels     7: where he lives

十一、考点速记口诀

宾语从句三要素,引导词语序时态。

陈述用 that,疑问 if/whether,特殊疑问词照原样。

从句永远陈述序,主前谓后记心间。

主句现在从句随便,主句过去从句倒退。

客观真理不动摇,一般现在永不改。

think believe 要转移,否定移到主句来。


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