覆盖2012—2026 全国卷 / 新高考卷 / 北京 / 浙江 / 天津卷 文末可下载word文档版
一、定语从句嵌套
1. 【2025 全国 I 卷 阅读 B】
【原句】In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern-day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.
【主干】I met a cowboy, a strict father, and a modern-day Juliet.
【分层】who saved his town 定从修饰 cowboy；who demanded...A's 定从修饰 father；who died...life 定从修饰 Juliet，内含 after 时间状从。
【翻译】去年九年级写作课上，我遇见了一个拯救小镇的牛仔、一个要求儿子门门优秀的严父，以及一个因父母拆散初恋而心碎离世的现代版朱丽叶。
【考点】三并列表语各带who 定从，demand sb do 虚拟省略 should。
2. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.
【主干】This makes sense because the people are citizen scientists.
【分层】because 原因状从；who...devices 定从修饰 people；recording...nearby 现在分词作后置定语修饰 scientists。
【翻译】这很合理，因为用移动设备获取生物多样性观察数据的人往往是民间科学家，他们记录的是附近区域遇到的物种。
【考点】because 状从 + 定从 + 分词定语三层嵌套。
3. 【2024 新课标 I 卷 阅读 D】
【原句】Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
【主干】Daru and his team tested how well these data represent patterns.
【分层】Using...animals 现在分词作方式状语；how 引导宾语从句。
【翻译】Daru 及其团队利用含 19 亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类、动物记录的全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上反映实际的全球生物多样性模式。
【考点】分词状语+ how 宾语从句。
4. 【2023 全国甲卷 阅读 D】
【原句】As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven't been seen in a century or more, they're increasingly being sighted by humans.
【主干】they're being sighted by humans.
【分层】As 引导时间状从；where...more 定从修饰 places；现在进行时被动。
【翻译】随着灰熊活动范围扩展到人们一个多世纪未见其踪迹的地方，它们被人类目击的次数正日益增多。
【考点】As 时间状从 + 定从 + 现在进行被动。
5. 【2023 新课标 II 卷 阅读 B】
【原句】More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
【主干】artists have used them as the raw material.
【分层】as 原因状从；破折号后 transforming...sculptures 现在分词作伴随状语。
【翻译】近来，随着书籍变得廉价甚至可随手丢弃，艺术家们已把它们当作艺术品原材料——将封面、书页乃至整本书变成绘画与雕塑。
【考点】as 状从 + 破折号分词伴随。
