本模块为2022年医学考博英语真题精讲，医学考博英语共五种题型：听力、词汇、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译与写作。整套真题精讲计划用时17天，本次是阅读理解部分精讲，计划用时六天，今天是第一天。
题量、分值及时间分配
阅读理解板块一共30道单选题，每题1分。试题由6篇短文组成，单篇文章字数区间为300–500词，每篇文章对应5道小题，考生需要阅读文章后，从四个选项中挑选最佳答案。整套医学考博英语统考总时长165分钟，答题分为两大板块：试卷一作答限时115分钟，试卷二写作部分安排50分钟。试卷一包含听力、词汇、完形填空、阅读理解。听力部分固定占用30分钟，剩余时间需要分配给其余题型。阅读理解建议预留65分钟作答，每篇约用时10分钟。这就要求考生加快词汇、完形填空的做题速度，防止最后没有充足时间完成阅读题目。
阅读理解部分计划
阅读理解部分共六篇文章，每篇文章有五道选择题。为保证阅读的连贯性与上下文的一致性，该部分每日精讲一篇文章，分六天完成。今日精讲第一篇文章。后附答案解析、解题技巧及高频考点总结。
People often discuss the dangers of too much stress, but lately a very different view of stress is gaining popularity: this view of stress, held by members of the positive stress movement, argues that stress might actually be beneficial. The positive stress movement is made up of people such as Zachary Rapp who are looking for an edge in a competitive world, and Rapp’s routine is a good example of followers of the movement. He wakes up most mornings at dawn, goes for a run, sips black coffee while rippling through emails, and then steps into freezing cold shower. This is a routine designed to reduce the stress of running simultaneously three different health and biotechnology companies for 18 hours a day.
Although Rapp’s practices may sound extreme, he is part of a growing movement, consisting largely of tech industry workers who claim that such radical tactics will help them live better and longer. Inspired by influential figures in different fields, including entertainers, athletes, entrepreneurs and scientists, positive stress practitioners seek out some combination of extreme temperatures, restrictive diets, punishing exercise routines and general discomfort.
Rapp argues that positive stress keeps him balanced. In addition to running and freezing showers, Rapp uses ice baths, hot yoga, and unconventional eating practices such as eliminating dairy, sugar, alcohol and various other foods high in carbohydrates. He believes that these practices, which put stress on his body, actually make him feel less stress from work. However, Rapp does not credit anyone in particular for his choices: he said he started using these methods in college, where he got into the habit of taking ice baths to recover from sports. He got back into it while trying to get his three companies off the ground.
Rapp works long hours and sleeps only five to seven hours a night but he said he only gets sick once a year. For him, the difference between day-to-day stress, like the kind we feel when moving apartments, and positive stress is that the latter involves pushing the body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.
But it is important to note that not everyone agrees with these practitioners; indeed, some medical professionals argue that positive stress is not for everyone, and that it might even be dangerous for people who are unhealthy or older.
答案速查：61.B 62. D 63. A 64. D 65.C
【内容梗概】
【参考译文】
人们常常讨论压力过大带来的危害，但最近一种截然不同的压力观正逐渐流行：积极压力运动的支持者持有该观点，他们认为压力实际上可能有益。积极压力运动由像扎卡里·拉普这样的人组成，他们想要在竞争激烈的世界中获得优势，拉普的日常做法就是该运动追随者的典型例子。他大多黎明醒来，出门跑步，一边喝黑咖啡一边快速浏览邮件，随后冲冷水澡。这套日常流程，是为了缓解他每天连续18小时同时运营三家健康与生物科技公司所承受的压力。
尽管拉普的做法听起来很极端，但他属于一个不断壮大的群体，该群体主要由科技行业从业者构成。他们声称，这类激进手段能帮助自己活得更好、更长寿。受演艺人士、运动员、企业家、科学家等不同领域知名人物的启发，积极压力的践行者会主动尝试各类方式，结合极端温度、限制性饮食、高强度锻炼以及各类不适感来锻炼自身。
拉普认为积极压力让他保持状态平衡。除跑步、冷水浴外，他还使用冰浴、高温瑜伽，并且采取非常规饮食方式，戒掉乳制品、糖、酒精以及多种高碳水食物。他相信这些给身体施加压力的做法，实际上能让他感受到的工作压力变少。但拉普并不把自己的选择归功于某个特定的人：他说自己在大学就开始使用这些方法，那时他习惯用冰浴帮助运动后恢复。在努力创办自己三家公司的阶段，他又重新开始这套做法。
拉普工作时间很长，每晚只睡5到7小时，但他说自己一年只生病一次。在他看来，日常压力（比如搬家时感受到的压力）和积极压力之间存在区别：积极压力是把身体推向极限，迫使身体建立耐受能力。
但值得注意的是，并非所有人都认同这些践行者。事实上，部分医学专业人士提出，积极压力并不适合所有人，对于身体不健康或者年纪较大的人来说，它甚至可能存在危险。
【题目精讲】
61. What do we learn about followers of the positive stress movement?
A. They are usually quite sensitive to different types of stress.
B. They hold a different view on stress from the popular one.
C. They derive much pleasure from living a very hectic life.
D. They gain a competitive edge by enjoying good health.
细节理解题
句意：关于积极压力运动的追随者，我们可以了解到什么？
A：文中没有提到他们对各类压力很敏感，无中生有；
C：文章没有说他们从忙碌生活中获取快乐；
D：原文是他们希望依靠这套理念在竞争中获得优势，不是依靠健康获得优势，偷换概念。
62. What do followers of the positive stress movement usually do to put their ideas into practice?
A. They keep changing their living habits.
B. They network with influential figures.
C. They seek jobs in tech industries.
D. They apply extreme tactics.
细节理解题
句意：积极压力运动的追随者通常会采取什么方式将理念付诸实践？
A：不是不断改变生活习惯，而是固定的极端习惯；
B：他们只是受名人启发，不是和这些人结交；
C：该群体大多是科技从业者，并不是为了实践理念去找科技行业工作，逻辑颠倒。
63. What does Rapp say about his unconventional practices?
A. They help him combat stress from work.
B. They enable him to cut down on living expenses.
C. They help him to recover from injuries and illnesses.
D. They help him get three companies enlisted all at once.
细节理解题
句意：拉普对于自己这些非常规的做法有什么说法？
B：全文没有提到降低生活开销；
C：大学时冰浴用于运动恢复，并不是这套做法的整体作用，答非所问；
D：原文是创办三家公司，不是让公司上市登记，enlisted理解错误。
64. What can be inferred from the passage about day-to-day stress?
A. It is harmful to one’s physical and mental health.
B. It does not differ in essence from positive stress.
C. It is something everybody has to live with.
D. It does not help build up one’s tolerance.
推理判断题
句意：从文章中可以推断出关于日常压力的哪一项？
A：原文没有直接说日常压力一定损害身心健康；
B：原文明确说了二者存在区别；
C：文章没有说每个人都必须承受日常压力，过度推断。
65. What do some medical professionals think of positive stress?
A. Its true effect remains to be verified.
B. Its side effect should not be ignored.
C. Its effect varies considerably from person to person.
D. Its practitioners should not take it as a form of therapy.
细节理解题
句意：一些医学专业人士如何看待积极压力？
A：没有提到效果有待验证；
B：原文没有重点讲副作用，只是说部分人群有危险；
D：文中没有提到不能当作疗法。
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阅读理解中的常见题型总结
细节理解题
该题型考查考生分析、理解文章事实细节的能力，在阅读考题里占很大比重，出题形式没有固定模板。文章内能够支撑主题的事例、数据、事实片段，都可以拿来设置题目。做阅读理解里的细节理解题时，切记不要主观臆断、不要过度解读，所选答案务必要回到文本，找到对应的词句或者段落作为依据。
它主要分为两类：一类是直接信息题，正确答案几乎能直接从原文摘取，选项和原文句子表述基本一致；另一类难度偏大，属于间接细节题，原文找不到和选项相近的表达，答案来源于原文事实背后的原因、前提或者结果。阅读文章的时候，可以对 who、what、when、where、why、how 这些高频考点做好标记，方便后续快速解题定位。
【词汇积累】
【难句解析】
For him, the difference between day-to-day stress, like the kind we feel when moving apartments, and positive stress is that the latter involves pushing the body to extremes and forcing it to build up a tolerance.
主干：the difference … is that …
这是一个 主系表句型；表语是由 that 引导的表语从句。
For him = 状语（评注状语，对整个句子进行说明：“在他看来”）
For him, 【主语】the difference between A and B 【系动词】is 【表语从句】that …
A = day-to-day stress B = positive stress between A and B介词短语作后置定语，修饰difference：A 与 B 之间的差别
表语从句内部：the latter involves doing A and doing B
the latter：后者（良性应激） involves：谓语 pushing… 和 forcing… 是两个并列动名词，作宾语 push…to extremes：把…… 推到极限 force it to build up a tolerance：促使身体建立耐受。
