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欢迎来到「中考英语核心词汇精讲」的第十五讲!
上一讲我们讲了中考最常考的6组名词(二)(不可数名词、动词+名词搭配、介词+名词搭配、名词作定语、a number of/the number of、双重所有格),没看过的同学可以点击文末合集标签回看。
今天进入第十五讲——中考最常考的6组形容词与副词辨析(二)。
在第六讲和第七讲中,我们已经搞定了形容词和副词的基础用法(形容词+介词、比较级结构、频度副词、方式副词等)。今天继续攻克中考最容易丢分的六组“双胞胎”形容词与副词:
-ing/-ed辨析、too much/much too/too many、hard/hardly、good/well、形容词副词同形、enough的位置。
这几组词,几乎每年中考都会在单选或完形填空中出现。它们看着简单,但一到考场上就“傻傻分不清”。今天一次性讲清楚,背完直接拿分!
一、-ing / -ed 形容词辨析——修饰物还是修饰人? ★★★★★
这是中考出场率最高的一组形容词辨析,没有之一。
| interesting | interested | |
| exciting | excited | |
| boring | bored | |
| surprising | surprised | |
| tiring | tired | |
| relaxing | relaxed | |
| worrying | worried |
速记口诀:-ing修饰物(令人……),-ed修饰人(感到……)。
⚠️ 中考高频陷阱:
- The movie is boring. I feel bored.
(电影令人无聊,我感到无聊。) - The news is exciting. We are excited.
(消息令人兴奋,我们感到兴奋。)
⚠️ 特别注意:修饰人的表情、声音、语气时,用 -ed。
- She had a worried look.
(她脸上带着担忧的表情。) - He spoke in a frightened voice.
(他用恐惧的声音说话。)
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
The story is so ______ that all the children are ______ in it.
A. interesting; interested B. interested; interestingC. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested
答案:A解析:第一空修饰 story(物)→ 用 interesting;第二空修饰 children(人)→ 用 interested。
二、too much / much too / too many——三个“太” ★★★★★
这是中考最易混淆的一组短语,没有之一。
| too much | too much water | ||
| much too | much too hot | ||
| too many | too many students |
速记口诀:too much接不可数,much too接形/副,too many接可数复。
⚠️ 易错提醒:
- too much
和 much too 只是词序不同,但用法天差地别! - too much
中心词是 much(多);much too 中心词是 too(太)。
真题实战(2024·中考真题改编):
The weather is ______ hot. I can‘t stand it.
A. too much B. much too C. too many D. many too
答案:B解析:修饰形容词 hot → 用 much too。
三、hard / hardly——只差一个-ly,意思差千里 ★★★★★
| hard | He works hard. | ||
| hardly | I can hardly hear you. |
速记口诀:hard努力,hardly几乎不——只差一个-ly,意思天差地别。
⚠️ 易错提醒:
- hardly
不是 hard 的副词!它的意思是“几乎不”,本身带有否定意义。 - hardly ever
= 几乎从不(频率副词)。
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
He studies ______, so he always gets good grades.
A. hardly B. hard C. hardly ever D. hard ever
答案:B解析:“他努力学习”→ 用 hard。
四、good / well / nice / fine——“好”的五种说法 ★★★★☆
| good | a good student | ||
| well | He sings well. | ||
| nice | a nice day | ||
| fine | fine weather |
速记口诀:good修饰名,well修饰动,nice令人爽,fine质量好。
⚠️ 易错提醒:
- well
作形容词时只表示“身体好”,不表示“好学生”等。 - I am good
表示“我很好/我擅长”,I am well 表示“我身体好”。
五、形容词副词同形——不加-ly也是副词! ★★★★★
有些词形容词和副词同形,不需要加-ly。
| fast | a fast car | He runs fast. |
| hard | a hard job | He works hard. |
| early | an early morning | I get up early. |
| late | a late train | He arrived late. |
| high | a high building | The bird flies high. |
| low | a low price | He spoke low. |
速记口诀:fast, hard, early, late, high, low——形副同形不加-ly。
⚠️ 易错提醒:highly 不是 high 的副词!highly 的意思是“高度地”(如 think highly of 高度评价),high 作副词表示“高高地”。
真题实战(2024·中考真题改编):
The plane is flying ______ in the sky.
A. highly B. high C. tall D. highly
答案:B解析:表示“飞得高”用 high(副词);highly 表示“高度地”,不符合语境。
六、enough的位置——放在形容词/副词后,名词前 ★★★★★
enough 的位置是中考必考考点,规则清晰但容易混淆。
| 形容词/副词 + enough | He is old enough to go to school. | |
| enough + 名词 | I have enough money. |
速记口诀:形副后,名词前。
⚠️ 易错提醒:
❌ enough old → ✅ old enough ❌ money enough → ✅ enough money
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
The boy is ______ to carry the heavy box.
A. enough strong B. strong enough C. too strong D. strong too
答案:B解析:enough修饰形容词时要后置→ strong enough。
📌 第十五讲速记卡(精华总结)
| -ing/-ed | ||
| 三个“太” | ||
| hard/hardly | ||
| good/well | ||
| 形副同形 | ||
| enough位置 |
💬 互动时间
- The story is so ______ that all the children are ______ in it.
(填interesting/interested) - He studies ______ (hard / hardly), so he always gets good grades.
(选一个) - The boy is ______ (enough strong / strong enough) to carry the box.
(选一个)
明天预告:第十六讲——中考最常考的6组介词(二)(in/on/at固定搭配、by/with/in方式、介词短语辨析……),明天不见不散!
我是Anna老师,一个帮你把单词从“认识”变成“会用”的老师。
如果你觉得这篇有用,点个,也可以转发给更多正在背单词的同学。#初中英语 #高中英语 #英语语法大全 #中考英语语法 #中考必考#初一#初二#初三#初中语法#初中家长必看