阅读原文
In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty.
Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground‑level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems.
The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%.
“We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.”
The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car‑centric lifestyle,” she said.
“We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals.
题目
28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums?
A. They affect the growth of other trees.
B. They absorb less carbon than expected.
C. They harm people’s health indirectly.
D. They raise the local temperature slowly.
29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study?
A. Cutting down the isoprene‑producing trees.
B. Suspending tree‑planting for a few decades.
C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings.
D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees.
30. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean?
A. Honest about. B. Unaware of.
C. Related to. D. Optimistic about.
31. What would Auyeung probably advocate?
A. Reducing car use in daily life.
B. Providing animals with new habitats.
C. Controlling population growth.
D. Doing more research on the problem.
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全文翻译
为落实长期以来扩大绿地的各项举措，纽约市每年种植数万棵树木。这些树木可以遮阴、降低地表温度、吸收大量空气中的碳、清除微小污染物，为野生动物提供栖息地，同时还能带来纯粹的美感。
不过一项新研究表明，事情也可能出现问题。橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量叫作异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身并无危害，但它会与车辆、楼宇以及工业排放出的污染物氮氧化物快速发生反应，生成近地面臭氧——这是诱发多种呼吸系统疾病的主要因素。
这项由哥伦比亚气候学院及其他机构科学家开展的研究发现：如果该市在新植树时继续沿用过去的树种选择模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯排放量将上升约140%，由此产生的夏季臭氧浓度最高会上涨30%。
该研究的合著者罗辛·科曼说：“我们完全支持多种树，树木带来诸多益处。但如果不够谨慎，我们反而可能让空气质量变得更差。”
公园管理局并非没有意识到这个问题。该局部分研究人员几年前开展的一项研究就得出结论：城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。公园管理局资深科学家诺文·欧阳表示：“我们并没有大肆宣扬这件事。”她认为树木不该被视作敌人。她说：“只要我们重新反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，想种什么树都可以。”
欧阳表示：“我们不会砍伐高大的老橡树，管理局也不会彻底停止新种橡树。你得想一想，如果那么做，我们会失去什么。”她指出，橡树是关键物种，为本土昆虫、鸟类以及其他动物提供食物和栖息地。
答案与解析
28. What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums？
这项新研究关于橡树和枫香树暗示了什么？
定位第二段：
isoprene…interacts rapidly with…nitrogen oxides…to form ground‑level ozone — a major factor in many breathing problems.
橡树、枫香树产生异戊二烯，异戊二烯反应生成臭氧，臭氧会引发呼吸疾病。树木本身无毒，间接危害人体健康。
A. They affect the growth of other trees. 它们影响其他树木生长（无中生有）
B. They absorb less carbon than expected. 吸收碳少于预期（文中未对比）
C. They harm people’s health indirectly. 它们间接损害人们的健康 ✅
D. They raise the local temperature slowly. 缓慢抬升当地温度（原文树木降温，错误）
答案：C
29. Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study？
根据研究，Commane可能会提出以下哪条建议
定位第三段+第四段：
if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings…臭氧会大幅上升；
“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.”
含义：继续按老样子选树种种树会恶化空气质量 → 暗示改变新种植树木的树种
A. Cutting down the isoprene‑producing trees. 砍伐释放异戊二烯的树木（后文明确说不会砍老树，排除）
B. Suspending tree‑planting for a few decades. 暂停植树几十年（原文支持多种树，只是要注意树种，错误）
C. Changing the species of trees in new plantings. 改变新栽种树木的树种 ✅
D. Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 清除现有树木释放的异戊二烯（文中没有该方案）
答案：C
30. What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean?
第五段划线短语 oblivious to 是什么意思？
原句：The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene.
后文：该局自己几年前就做过研究，知道树木释放异戊二烯。
所以：公园局并不是没有意识到这个问题。
oblivious to = unaware of 未察觉到，不知道
A. Honest about 对……坦诚
B. Unaware of 没有意识到 ✅
C. Related to 与……相关
D. Optimistic about 对……乐
答案：B
31. What would Auyeung probably advocate?
Auyeung可能会提倡什么？
定位第五段：“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car‑centric lifestyle,” she said.
car‑centric lifestyle：以汽车为中心的生活方式。
逻辑：氮氧化物来自汽车尾气；减少汽车使用，尾气下降，即便树释放异戊二烯，也不容易生成臭氧。所以她提倡减少日常生活中的汽车使用。
A. Reducing car use in daily life. 在日常生活中减少汽车使用 ✅
B. Providing animals with new habitats. 为动物提供新栖息地（橡树本身提供栖息地，不是她提倡要做的对策）
C. Controlling population growth. 控制人口增长（无）
D. Doing more research on the problem. 针对该问题做更多研究（她这边已经做过研究，不是她的主张）
答案：A
重点单词&短语
1. in line with 与……保持一致；按照
2. longstanding adj. 长期存在的
3. initiative n. 举措，倡议
4. airborne adj. 空气传播的，空气中的
5. interact with 与……发生反应
6. maintain v. 维持，沿用
7. species patterns 树种模式
8. be oblivious to 没有意识到
9. make a big deal of 大肆宣扬，小题大做
10. car‑centric adj. 以汽车为中心的
11. keystone species 关键物种（生态）
长难句
Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground‑level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems.
橡树和枫香树目前占这座城市树木的大多数，它们会释放大量一种叫作异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身并无危害，但它会与车辆、楼宇以及工业排放出来的污染物氮氧化物快速发生反应，生成近地面臭氧——这是诱发多种呼吸系统疾病的主要因素。
长难句拆解分析
句1
Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene.
1. 主干：Oaks and sweetgums produce huge amounts of a chemical substance
主语：Oaks and sweetgums 橡树和枫香树
谓语：produce 产生/释放
宾语：huge amounts of a chemical substance 大量一种化学物质
2. which 非限制性定语从句： which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees
- 修饰前面 Oaks and sweetgums；which指代两种树
- account for：（数量上）占比
- 非限定从句，两头逗号隔开，删掉从句句子依然完整。
3. called isoprene：过去分词作后置定语，修饰substance，相当于定语从句：which is called isoprene，译为“叫作异戊二烯的（物质）”。
✅句式类型：主语 + 非限制性定语从句 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 过去分词后置定语
句2
Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground‑level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems.
1. 主干：isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides
主语：isoprene 异戊二烯
谓语短语：interact with 与……发生反应
宾语：nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物
2. Harmless by itself：形容词短语作状语（让步含义），逻辑主语就是句子主语 isoprene。
= Although isoprene is harmless by itself
翻译：异戊二烯本身无害。
3. released by vehicles, buildings and industry：过去分词后置定语，修饰 nitrogen oxides
= which are released by… 由车辆、建筑、工业所排放的
4. to form ground‑level ozone：不定式作结果状语，表示反应带来的结果：生成近地面臭氧。
5. — a major factor in many breathing problems：破折号后是同位语，解释说明前面 ground‑level ozone。
a major factor：主要诱因；breathing problems 呼吸系统疾病
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