英语（一）2010 阅读 Text 1 精讲
第三段
①We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.③Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press.⑤“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”我们已经离那些在英格兰出版的，20纪初期到二战前的主题自由的报纸评论很远了，那时候，新闻用纸非常便宜，而且，时髦的文艺评论（艺术评论）被认为是这些出版物的一种装饰。在那个遥远的年代，主流报纸的评论家们会把报道的事件详细、充分地记录下来，这被认为是理所当然。这些评论家们所从事的是严肃的事业，而且，甚至是那些喜欢卖弄学问的评论家们（如：乔治·伯纳德·肖和欧内斯特·纽曼，GBS和EN），人们也相信他们知道自己在做什么。这些评论家把新闻行业看作是一个职业（使命），并且为他们的评论文章能够在日报中刊登出版而自豪。纽曼写到，很少有评论家，能拥有足够的脑力或足够的文学天赋，去终生从事新闻业，以致于，纽曼禁不住把 “新闻业” 定义成，被某些无知作家用来形容渊博作家的侮辱性术语。
①We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviewspublished in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.我们已经离那些在英格兰出版的，20纪初期到二战前的主题自由的报纸评论很远了，那时候，新闻用纸非常便宜，而且，时髦的文艺评论（艺术评论）被认为是这些出版物的一种装饰。
even adv. 甚至
farther adv. 更远
句子主干：we are removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews...（我们离那些主题自由的报纸评论（艺术评论）已经很远了）
remove sb from sth：移开；拿掉；去掉；从...机构中开除。
focused adj. 集中的；专注的；有目标的。—— unfocused adj. 茫然的；无目标的；松散的
这是我们知乎账户上的一个评论，这位同学看的某本书上，把这里的unfocused newspaper翻译成杂感式报纸，当时我们看了，简直笑翻了，佩服那些人的想象力，这个行业真是，群魔乱舞，什么妖魔鬼怪都有。
newspaper review指arts criticism
published部分是分词后置定语，修饰reviews：published in Englandbetween the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II,
England：英格兰（英国的一部分）
turn n. 转变，这里指20世纪之交，就是1900左右。
eve n. 前夜；前夕
world war II：二战（1939—1945），所以，这里说的时间就是：ca.1900—1939
circa prep. 大约（缩写为：ca.）
at部分是时间状语：at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.
when部分是定语从句，修饰time：
when newsprint was dirt-cheap andstylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. （这部分是两个句子，and连接的）
① newsprint was dirt-cheap
newsprint n. 新闻用纸；白报纸（还没印刷东西在上面的，就是白纸的意思）
dirt-cheap adj. 非常便宜的
② stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publicationsin which it appeared
style n. 类型；风格；时髦；时尚。—— stylish adj. 时髦的；流行的
ornate v. 装饰。—— ornament：n. 装饰物
in which部分是定语从句
appear vi. 出现。
②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the eventsthey covered.在那个遥远的年代，主流报纸的评论家们会把报道的事件详细、充分地记录下来，这被认为是理所当然。
far-off adj. 遥远的（就是further的意思）
those day指上一句的：“1900左右——1939”
take sth for granted：认为...是理所当然的
it是形式主语，真正的主语是that部分：thatthe critics of major paperswould write in detail and at length about the events they covered.
critic n. 评论家
major adj. 主要的；主修的（in）；n. 专业课。
in detail：详细地
at lengthe / at...length：详细地。
这里的：write in detail and at length about其实就是learned content = high-quality的意思。
they部分是省略that的定语从句
【逻辑梳理】到这里，可以看到第二段中说的高质量的艺术评论的具体内容之一是：unfocused newspaper reviews. 呼应第一段说的范围（scope）的内容。
③Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewerswho wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.这些评论家们所从事的是严肃的事业，而且，甚至是那些喜欢卖弄学问的评论家们（如：乔治·伯纳德·肖和欧内斯特·纽曼，GBS和EN），人们也相信他们知道自己在做什么。
这是两个句子，and连接的：
①Theirs was a serious business
theirs pron. 他们的，是代词，看清楚，是加s的！这是名词性物主代词，指代的是那些评论家的事业。
可以写成：Their business was a serious business
business指的是评论家的评论事业。
② even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about.
reviewer n. 评论家；评论员 = critic
who部分是定语从句，修饰reviwers：who wore their learning lightly,
wear v. 呈现；流露。
learning n. 学问；学识；知识
lightly adv. 轻微地。（这里是说，那些稍微有点卖弄自己学问的评论家，就是看起来有点 “不正经” 的那种评论家）。
like部分是对 “不正经” 的评论家的具体举例，即：这两个人就是那种看起来 “不正经” 的
主干：those reviewers could be trusted to know what they were about.
trust to：相信
what部分是know的宾语从句，出现了省略，应该是：what they were wrote about。
【逻辑梳理】这里是说，报纸评论的严肃性问题，首先，这些评论家做的事情（写艺术评论）是严肃的。对应第一段说的严肃性，而且，就算是那种看起来有点炫耀自己才华的评论家，都是知道自己在做什么的人，都是心里有数的，人们也相信他们。就是这些人虽然有的看起来可能不那么正经，但是，人家是真的大师。（比如：黄霑这些，不了解的人就算了。古龙这些。）
④These men believed in journalism as a calling, andwere proud to be published in the daily press.这些评论家把新闻行业看作是一个职业（使命），并且为他们的评论文章能够在日报中刊登出版而自豪。
这里是两句话，用and连接的：
①These men believed in journalism as a calling
These men指上一句的评论家
believe in 相信。
journal n. 期刊；日报。—— journalism n. 新闻业；新闻工作。
calling n. 事业；职业；使命感。
② andwere proud to be published in the daily press
主语一样
daily press：日报
⑤“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”纽曼写到，很少有评论家，能拥有足够的脑力或足够的文学天赋，去终生从事新闻业，以致于，纽曼禁不住把 “新闻业” 定义成，被某些无知作家用来形容渊博作家的侮辱性术语。
这里是由so.....that.....来引导的结果状语从句，这里是直接引语，主谓被放在了句子中间，可以改写一下：
Newman wrote,“So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”
主句部分：So few authors have brainsenough or literary giftenough to keep their own end up in journalism
author n. 作家（= reviewer）
brain n. 脑子；智力；脑力
literary adj. 文学的；书面的
gift n. 天赋
keep sb do sth：保持做某事.
end up in journalism 直译：结束在新闻业里面，也就是，一生都投入进去了的意思。
从句部分：that I am tempted to define‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’.”
I指纽曼
tempt 引诱；吸引；诱惑。
be tempted to do sth：被引诱而想做某事
define A as B：认为A是B；把A定义为B
B=a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are
term n. 术语；词语；措辞；学期；期限；任期
contempt n. 鄙视；蔑视，这里出题人蛮狠，将tempt和contempt混用在一起，两个词的意思完全不一样，干扰极强。还有个形近词：contemplate vt. 思考；考虑
当然这句话最难的不是主句，而是term这个词的分词后置定语：
applied by writers ①who are not read to ②writers who are
这里简化一下是这样的：applied by writers to writers
两个who都是定语从句，修饰两个writers，但是，两个writers不一样
read adj. 博学的；熟知的；精通的（这是形容词意思，你没有见过）
apply sth to sth：应用；使用。
②writers who are，这里省略了read
所以，这里的完整版是：a term of contempt applied by writers who are not readtowriters who are read.
总结：第三段是说，有三件事情，其一、过去报纸的艺术评论主题自由，即：范围广，而且，评论家写得非常的详细，只是，现在，我们离那个时代很远了。其二、写作评论是一件严肃的事情，即使那些有点 “不正经”的评论家，都心里有数。其三、艺术评论（报纸评论）的工作需要大量的脑力和才能，很少有评论家能在新闻业里呆一辈子，因为很少有人有足够的脑力和文学（文字）天赋去完成评论（艺术评论）的工作。甚至，这项工作都遭到了那些无知作家的嫉妒。