本模块为2025年医学考博英语真题精讲，医学考博英语共五种题型：听力、词汇、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译与写作。整套真题精讲计划用时17天，本次是阅读理解部分精讲，计划用时六天，今天是第一天。
题量、分值及时间分配
阅读理解板块一共30道单选题，每题1分。试题由6篇短文组成，单篇文章字数区间为300–500词，每篇文章对应5道小题，考生需要阅读文章后，从四个选项中挑选最佳答案。整套医学考博英语统考总时长165分钟，答题分为两大板块：试卷一作答限时115分钟，试卷二写作部分安排50分钟。试卷一包含听力、词汇、完形填空、阅读理解。听力部分固定占用30分钟，剩余时间需要分配给其余题型。阅读理解建议预留65分钟作答，每篇约用时10分钟。这就要求考生加快词汇、完形填空的做题速度，防止最后没有充足时间完成阅读题目。
阅读理解部分计划
阅读理解部分共六篇文章，每篇文章有五道选择题。为保证阅读的连贯性与上下文的一致性，该部分每日精讲一篇文章，分六天完成。今日精讲第一篇文章。后附答案解析、解题技巧及高频考点总结。
Passage One
Marriage, a deep human connection, not only forms the basis of family and social support, but is also closely linked to an individual’s health. Previous studies have revealed that marital quality has a significant impact on the physical and mental health of the person involved. Now, a new study adds weight to the argument. This investigation represents a continuation of the Israel Ischemic Heart Disease (IIHD) prospective cohort study, which has been tracking 8,945 Israeli male civil servants aged 42–53 since its inception in 1965—over a 32-year follow-up period, 5,736 participants (64.1%) died.
The researchers used a multivariate analysis from which they identified behavioral and psychosocial risk factors that predicted rates of stroke and premature death from any cause (all-cause death) due to unhappiness in married life. Shockingly, men who reported the least marital satisfaction (i. e., "unsuccessful") were 69 percent more likely to die from stroke than those who reported the highest marital satisfaction (i. e., "very successful"). At the same time, men who reported very successful marriages had a 19 percent lower risk of all-cause mortality than men who reported unsuccessful marriages.
The study further explored the link between marital quality and heart health. After further analysis, it was found that men in unhappy marriages had a significantly higher risk of dying from cardiovascular disease than men in happy marriages. Notably, this association remained stable even after taking into account known risk factors for death, such as age, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, body mass index, and physical activity levels.
Dr. Shahar Lev Ari, chair of the Department of Health Promotion at Tel Aviv University and corresponding author of the study, said: “Our study reveals that the quality of marriage and family life has a significant impact on life expectancy. Men who reported that their marriages were unhappy had a significantly increased risk of early death. Notably, lower marital satisfaction among younger participants (i.e., younger than 50) was more strongly associated with a significantly higher risk of stroke than among those older than 50. This risk gradually decreases with age, which may be attributed to the mutual adaptation of life partners over long periods of time together.” These findings are consistent with previous research that further confirms the importance of marital satisfaction in predicting life expectancy. The predictive power of marital satisfaction is comparable to that of traditional risk factors such as smoking and physical activity, the researchers said.
1. What was the primary purpose of the Israel Ischemic Heart Disease (IIHD) study?
A. To examine the impact of marriage duration on social support systems.
B. To track long-term mortality patterns among middle-aged Israeli male civil servants.
C. To compare marital satisfaction levels between different age groups.
D. To investigate the relationship between physical activity and stroke risk.
2. Which of the following would most challenge the study’s conclusion about marital satisfaction?
A. Divorced men showed higher stroke risk than those in unhappy marriages.
B. The 19% mortality difference disappeared after adjusting for income levels.
C. Participants with diabetes had similar mortality rates regardless of marital status.
D. Physical activity levels were found to mediate the marital satisfaction effect.
3. The stability of cardiovascular risk association was demonstrated by ______.
A. consistent results across different cultural backgrounds
B. exclusion of participants with pre-existing heart conditions
C. adjustment for conventional biological risk factors
D. longitudinal tracking of marital quality changes
4. What might explain the age-related decrease in stroke risk linked to marital dissatisfaction?
A. Older adults prioritize health screenings more actively.
B. Long-term spousal adaptation reduces interpersonal stress.
C. Cardiovascular risk factors become dominant after age 50.
D. Government healthcare policies target elderly populations.
5. The study’s most significant contribution is demonstrating ______.
A. the superiority of psychosocial factors over biological indicators
B. marriage duration as a modifiable predictor of longevity
C. marital quality’s predictive power comparable to smoking
D. gender-specific mortality patterns in cardiovascular diseases
答案速查：1. B 2.B 3.C 4. B 5. C
Passage One
【内容梗概】
本文通过一项研究证实婚姻质量影响男性健康，低婚姻满意度会提升中风、心血管疾病与早逝风险，该效应在年轻群体更突出。
【参考译文】
婚姻是一种深刻的人际联结，它不仅构成家庭与社会支持的基础，还与个人健康紧密相关。以往研究证实，婚姻质量会对当事人的身心健康产生显著影响，而一项新研究进一步佐证了这一观点。本次调查是以色列缺血性心脏病（IIHD）前瞻性队列研究的延续。该研究自1965年启动，持续追踪8945名42至53岁的以色列男性公务员；在长达32年的随访周期内，共有5736名受试者（64.1%）离世。
研究人员运用多元分析，识别出因婚姻生活不幸福产生的行为与心理社会风险因素，这些因素可以预测中风发生率以及各类原因引发的过早死亡（全因死亡）。令人震惊的是，自述婚姻满意度最低（即“婚姻不幸福”）的男性，死于中风的概率比婚姻满意度最高（即“婚姻十分美满”）的男性高出69%。与此同时，婚姻十分美满的男性，全因死亡风险比婚姻不幸的男性低19%。
该研究进一步探究了婚姻质量与心脏健康之间的联系。深入分析发现，身处不幸婚姻中的男性，死于心血管疾病的风险显著高于婚姻幸福的男性。值得注意的是，即便将年龄、缺血性心脏病、糖尿病、收缩压、吸烟状况、体重指数、体力活动水平等已知死亡风险因素纳入考量，这一关联依旧稳定存在。
特拉维夫大学健康促进系主任、本研究通讯作者沙哈尔·莱夫·阿里博士指出：“我们的研究表明，婚姻与家庭生活质量对预期寿命有着重大影响。自述婚姻不幸的男性，早逝风险显著升高。值得关注的是，在年轻受试者（50岁以下）群体中，较低的婚姻满意度与中风高风险之间的关联性，要强于50岁以上人群。这种风险会随年龄增长逐步降低，这或许是伴侣长期共同生活、彼此磨合适应带来的结果。”研究人员表示，这些研究结果与以往研究结论保持一致，进一步证实婚姻满意度在预判预期寿命方面的重要价值，婚姻满意度的预测效力可与吸烟、体力活动等传统风险因素相当。
【题目精讲】
1. What was the primary purpose of the Israel Ischemic Heart Disease (IIHD) study?
A. To examine the impact of marriage duration on social support systems.
B. To track long-term mortality patterns among middle-aged Israeli male civil servants.
C. To compare marital satisfaction levels between different age groups.
D. To investigate the relationship between physical activity and stroke risk.
【精析】细节理解题。题干问的是以色列缺血性心脏病（IIHD）研究的主要目的。利用关键词“IIHD study”定位到第一段最后一句和第二段首句，这里说明该研究运用多元分析，识别出婚姻生活不幸可以预测中风发生率以及各类原因引发的过早死亡（全因死亡）。婚姻持续时间以及不同年龄组对婚姻满意度对比都不是研究的重点，体力活动差异是研究中风风险的的参考依据之一，不是研究的主要目的。只有B选项既指出了研究对象，又指出了研究的主要目的。
2. Which of the following would most challenge the study’s conclusion about marital satisfaction?
A. Divorced men showed higher stroke risk than those in unhappy marriages.
B. The 19% mortality difference disappeared after adjusting for income levels.
C. Participants with diabetes had similar mortality rates regardless of marital status.
D. Physical activity levels were found to mediate the marital satisfaction effect.
【精析】细节理解题。题干问的是哪一项最可能质疑‘有关婚姻满意度’的研究结论。研究结论强调婚姻满意度对死亡率的影响与传统风险因素相当。A选项“离婚男性中风风险更高”，肯定了婚姻满意度的作用；C选项“糖尿病患者死亡率与婚姻状态无关”，偷换概念，婚姻状态不等同于婚姻满意度，二者衡量标准不同；D选项“体力活动调节婚姻满意度效应”，也未否定婚姻满意度对死亡率的影响。B选项，“调整收入水平后19%的死亡率差异消失”，则说明收入是另外的变量，这就直接削弱了婚姻满意度对死亡率的影响。故选B。
3. The stability of cardiovascular risk association was demonstrated by ______.
A. consistent results across different cultural backgrounds
B. exclusion of participants with pre-existing heart conditions
C. adjustment for conventional biological risk factors
D. longitudinal tracking of marital quality changes
【精析】细节理解题。题干问的是“什么可以证明心血管风险关联的稳定性”。利用题干信息“stability of cardiovascular risk association”定位到第三段最后一句，这里指出"即便将年龄、缺血性心脏病、糖尿病、血压、吸烟状况、体重指数、体力活动水平等已知死亡风险因素纳入考量，这一关联依旧稳定存在"。表明这一稳定性适应了传统生物学风险因素。
4. What might explain the age-related decrease in stroke risk linked to marital dissatisfaction?
A. Older adults prioritize health screenings more actively.
B. Long-term spousal adaptation reduces interpersonal stress.
C. Cardiovascular risk factors become dominant after age 50.
D. Government healthcare policies target elderly populations.
【精析】推理判断题。题干问的是“如何解释与婚姻不满相关的中风风险随年龄增长而降低”。利用题干关键词“age-related decrease in stroke risk”定位到最后一段倒数第三句，这里指出这种风险会随年龄增长逐步降低，这或许是伴侣长期共同生活、彼此磨合适应带来的结果。与B选项“夫妻长期调适可缓解相处压力”相符。故选B。
5. The study’s most significant contribution is demonstrating ______.
A. the superiority of psychosocial factors over biological indicators
B. marriage duration as a modifiable predictor of longevity
C. marital quality’s predictive power comparable to smoking
D. gender-specific mortality patterns in cardiovascular diseases
【精析】推理判断题。题干问的是“研究最重要的贡献”。关于研究贡献应在研究过程之后，定位到最后一段最后一句，这里表明该项研究有重要价值，即婚姻满意度的预测效力可与吸烟、体力活动等传统风险因素相当。与C选项“婚姻质量的预测能力与吸烟相当”相符。
阅读理解中的常见题型总结
细节理解题
该题型考查考生分析、理解文章事实细节的能力，在阅读考题里占很大比重，出题形式没有固定模板。文章内能够支撑主题的事例、数据、事实片段，都可以拿来设置题目。做阅读理解里的细节理解题时，切记不要主观臆断、不要过度解读，所选答案务必要回到文本，找到对应的词句或者段落作为依据。
它主要分为两类：一类是直接信息题，正确答案几乎能直接从原文摘取，选项和原文句子表述基本一致；另一类难度偏大，属于间接细节题，原文找不到和选项相近的表达，答案来源于原文事实背后的原因、前提或者结果。阅读文章的时候，可以对 who、what、when、where、why、how 这些高频考点做好标记，方便后续快速解题定位。
【词汇积累】
1. predictor‑预测因子
2. prospective‑前瞻性的
3. premature‑过早的，早产的；仓促的
4. psychosocial‑心理社会的
5. multivariate adj. 多元的
6. cohort n.（有共同特点或举止类同的）一群人，一批人
7. chronic‑慢性的
8. mortality‑死亡率
9. correlation‑相关性
10. inception n.（机构、组织等的）开端，创始
【难句精讲】
The researchers used a multivariate analysis from which they identified behavioral and psychosocial risk factors that predicted rates of stroke and premature death from any cause (all-cause death) due to unhappiness in married life.
医学考博英语
更多精彩医学考博英语资料、双语（中英）视频，请关注公众号↓↓↓
