建议先收藏,考前反复翻。
高考英语里,真正拉开差距的从来不是多难的单词,而是那些「看着眼熟、一写就错」的短语。
为了写这篇文章,我从随便学的高考真题库(收录 1.6 万+ 句历年真题)中逐一检索、逐条核对,筛出了高考最高频的 30 个短语,并且——每一个短语,都配了一句出自真实高考试卷的原句(标注年份与卷别),再加上考点解析和易错提醒。
全部例句均可在「随便学」App 中练到:把真题句子翻译成中文,AI 实时打分、逐条纠错,错了就自动标记成知识点,练一遍顶十遍。
一、动词短语篇(第 1–15 个)
1. take part in 参加
真题例句(2009·北京卷):What event will you take part in if you love to dance? 如果你喜欢跳舞,你会参加什么活动?
详解:take part in 后接名词或动名词,参加的对象是活动、比赛、项目。注意介词 in 不可省略,也不要说 take part in doing 之外的形式。
辨析:join 加入组织或团体(join the army 参军);join in 加入正在进行的活动;attend 出席(attend a meeting 开会);participate in 是它的正式同义词。
2. look forward to 期待
真题例句(2012·广西卷):We look forward to seeing you again. 我们期待再次见到您。
详解:这是书信作文的万能结尾句,2020 年四川卷真题原句还出现过 Look forward to your early reply. Best regards!。
易错点:to 在这里是介词,后面必须接名词或动名词——look forward to seeing,绝不是 look forward to see。这是高考改错题和写作中最常被扣分的点之一。
3. used to do / be used to doing / be used to do 三兄弟
真题例句(2017·贵州卷):"This used to be the center of town," he said. “这里曾经是镇中心,”他说。
真题例句(2013·四川卷):Even though I was used to regular insults because of the scars on my head, it was horrible to hear. 尽管我已习惯了因头上的伤疤而遭受的寻常辱骂,但亲耳听到还是难以忍受。
详解:一个短语家族,完形、语法填空、改错的常驻嘉宾:
used to do—— 过去常常(现在不再),如I used to get up early。be used to doing—— 习惯于,to 是介词,后接动名词。be used to do—— 被用来做,被动语态,如The wood is used to make paper。
考试看到这三个放一起,先看主谓和语态,再看 to 后面接的是动词原形还是动名词。
4. give up 放弃
真题例句(2013·北京卷):The story of Grace inspires people to never give up. 格蕾丝的故事激励着人们永不放弃。
详解:give up 后接动名词:give up smoking 戒烟。写作中 never give up 是励志类作文的点题句,也常出现 give up hope(放弃希望)、give up the chance(放弃机会)等搭配。
辨析:quit 更口语,abandon 更书面(abandon oneself to 沉溺于)。
5. come up with 想出、提出
真题例句(2014·陕西卷):I was amazed that he'd come up with this sweet idea. 我很惊讶他竟然想出了这么贴心的主意。
详解:主语是人,come up with an idea/plan/solution 想出主意/方案。宾语通常是想法、计划、方案。
易错点:come up 是不及物的,主语是物/主意本身——A good idea came up(一个好主意出现了)。一个带 with、一个不带,方向完全不同。
6. put off 推迟
真题例句(2016·天津卷):We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better. 我们将把公园野餐推迟到下周,那时天气可能会好一些。
详解:put off + 名词/动名词:put off doing sth 推迟做某事。同义词 postpone(后接名词或动名词)。
真题彩蛋:2013 年浙江卷原句 Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.(今日事,今日毕)——名言警句也是高考翻译和写作的常客。
7. turn out 结果是、证明是
真题例句(2020·全国卷):She was right. It didn't turn out as I had hoped. 她说得对。事情并没有如我所愿。
详解:turn out (to be) + 形容词/名词,表示「结果证明是……」,常暗示出乎意料的结果。句式 It turned out that...(结果证明……)是写作提分句。
辨析:prove to be 侧重「证明」,turn out 侧重「结局如何」。完形填空里两者常一起出现当干扰项。
8. break down 分解、出故障、崩溃
真题例句(2020·北京卷):It takes them hundreds of years to break down. 它们(塑料等)需要数百年才能分解。
详解:一词多义大户,按语境选义:
机器出故障: The car broke down on the way.身体垮掉 / 情绪崩溃: He broke down when he heard the news.物质分解:如上例 谈判破裂: The talks broke down.
名词形式 breakdown 也同样常用。
9. carry out 执行、实施
真题例句(2019·北京卷):Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. 掌握了这些知识后,他们便能开展针对个人的诈骗活动。
详解:carry out 的宾语是计划、任务、研究、实验:carry out a plan / an experiment / research。同义:conduct、implement、perform。
易错点:它是及物的,直接跟宾语,没有介词。
10. set off / set out 出发、引发
真题例句(2016·四川卷):We can set out early so that we will have more time to read and select books. 我们可以早点出发,这样就有更多时间阅读和挑选书籍了。
真题例句(2016·全国卷):But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. 但它(该事件)也引发了蒙哥马利公交车抵制运动。
详解:
set out出发,且常用set out to do表示「着手做某事」。set off出发 / 引发(事件):set off fireworks放烟花。补充: set about doing着手做某事。
三兄弟都是「出发」,介词搭配不同,写作想避免重复可以轮换使用。
11. pick up 接人、捡起、学会
真题例句(2012·广西卷):And we'll have to pick up Daniel from school. 而且我们还得去学校接丹尼尔。
详解:万能动词短语,全凭语境:
开车接人: pick up Daniel(如上例)捡起: pick up the rubbish捡起垃圾学会、掌握(尤指无意中学到): pick up a language学会一门语言加速: pick up speed
易错点:代词宾语必须放中间——pick it up,不说 pick up it。
12. run out of 用完
真题例句(2013·广东卷):Suddenly, he found that he had run out of salt. 突然,他发现盐用完了。
详解:run out of sth 主语是人(某人用完某物);run out 主语是物(某物被用完)——Time ran out = We ran out of time。
高频考点:语法填空里出现 run out of,一般要你填介词 of;作文写「时间不够了」用 run out of time 就很地道。
13. take off 起飞、腾飞、脱下
真题例句(2014·陕西卷):When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 延误的航班何时起飞,很大程度上取决于天气。
详解:
飞机起飞:如上例 事业腾飞、突然成功: His career took off.脱下(衣物): take off your coat
辨析:反义词 land(着陆)、put on(穿上)。阅读中「某产品 suddenly took off」指「突然火爆」。
14. get along with 与……相处
真题例句(2012·陕西卷):The staff soon found the new manager easy to get along with. 员工们很快发现新经理很好相处。
详解:get along/on (well) with sb 与某人(好好)相处,宾语是人。注意上句中 easy to get along with —— 介词 with 不能丢,这是宾语前置时介词保留的典型考点。
写作:人际交往类作文必备,How do you get along with your classmates?
15. make a difference 产生影响、起作用
真题例句(2014·浙江卷):A small kindness can indeed make a difference. 一个小小的善举,确实可以带来改变。
详解:make a difference (to) 对……有影响/起作用;make no difference 没区别。是近年高考阅读和写作的高频正能量表达。
写作句:Everyone can make a difference by doing small things. 每个人都能通过小事带来改变。
二、介词短语与连接词篇(第 16–30 个)
16. in addition 此外
真题例句(2010·广东卷):In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous. 此外,某些类型的鱼可能有毒。
详解:表递进的连接词,放句首,后接逗号。同义替换:besides、what's more、moreover、furthermore——写作换着用,告别千篇一律的 "and"。
易错点:后接名词时要用 in addition to(+ 名词/动名词),不能省略 to。
17. as a result 因此
真题例句(2014·全国卷):As a result, the plants are growing everywhere. 因此,这些植物到处生长。
详解:表结果的连接词,放句首或句中。as a result of + 名词,表「由于……」。
辨析:as a result(因此,结果)≈ therefore / consequently;as a result of(由于)≈ because of。因果逻辑是阅读理解和写作的双重高频考点。
18. pay attention to 注意
真题例句(2014·浙江卷):People won't pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying out to be expressed. 当人们自己还有很多想法亟待表达时,他们不会注意到你。
详解:to 是介词,后接名词/动名词:pay attention to details。attention 是不可数名词,前面不加 a。
补充:attract/draw attention to 吸引注意力;attention 的反面是 ignore、neglect。
19. depend on 依赖、取决于
真题例句(2015·陕西卷):The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits. 森林树木的荫蔽为鸟类和其他物种提供了家园,它们依赖着树木的花朵和果实。
详解:两个核心含义:
依靠(人/物): depend on parents依靠父母取决于(事): It depends on the weather.口语: It depends.视情况而定。
同义:rely on、count on。
20. deal with 处理、应对
真题例句(2016·北京卷):Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. 学会应对社交世界同样重要。
详解:deal 是不及物动词,必须带 with 再接宾语。同义:cope with、handle、address。
高频考点:how to deal with = what to do with(怎么处理),一个是 how + deal with,一个是 what + do with,搭配不能混——这是语法填空和写作的经典陷阱。
21. refer to 指的是、提到
真题例句(2011·全国卷):What does the word "This" in Paragraph 2 refer to? 第 2 段中的 "This" 一词指的是什么?
详解:阅读理解的送分句型——词义猜测题题干几乎都是这个句式。含义:①指代 ②提及 ③查阅(refer to a dictionary 查字典)。
熟词生义:2019 年辽宁卷题干原句 Who does "I" refer to in the text? 同理。看到 refer to,先想到「指代」,再想「提到」。
22. contribute to 有助于、为……做贡献
真题例句(2017·北京卷):She began to host "Big Bosses" lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to contribute to the cause. 她开始举办“大老板”午餐会,试图说服当地商界领袖为这项事业捐款出力。
详解:to 是介词,后接名词/动名词:contribute to doing sth。
写作万能句:Regular exercise contributes to good health. 经常锻炼有助于健康。环保、健康、学习类作文的万能素材。
辨析:donate 侧重「捐赠具体钱物」,contribute to 侧重「作出贡献」。
23. lead to 导致
真题例句(2013·四川卷):Good habits lead to good endings. 好习惯带来好结果。
详解:lead to + 名词/动名词,表「导致」。同义:result in、give rise to、bring about;反义:result from(因……而起)。
因果链条写作:A leads to B → B leads to C,一篇议论文的主体段就立起来了。
24. as well as 以及、和……一样好
真题例句(2016·江苏卷):She intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world. 她打算奋斗,让这个世界既属于女人,也属于男人。
详解:两个含义:
和……一样好(原级比较): I can swim as well as you.以及(并列,强调前者):如上例。
语法考点:A as well as B 作主语时,谓语动词随 A——The teacher as well as the students is ...。注意与 not only A but also B(强调后者)的区别。
25. not only... but also... 不仅……而且……
真题例句(2017·贵州卷):I have grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. 在过去的几年里,我不仅在身体上,而且在精神上都成长了。
详解:并列连词,连接对等成分(两个名词/动词/形容词/从句)。
倒装考点:not only 放句首时,前半句部分倒装——Not only did she sing, but also she danced. 这是作文的稳拿分提分句型。
26. so that 以便(目的)
真题例句(2018·天津卷):Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend so that they can ripen a bit more. 我们等到这周末再摘这些桃子吧,这样它们能再熟一点。
详解:
目的状语:so that + 从句(常用 can/could/will),「以便」——如上例。 结果状语:so that + 从句,「结果」,通常前面有逗号。
辨析:so... that... 中间夹形容词/副词(如此……以至于);so that 直接跟从句。语法填空里两者都爱考,先看中间有没有形容词/副词。
27. in order to 为了
真题例句(2020·北京卷):One must know how an object was made in order to preserve it. 要想保存一件物品,就必须了解它是如何制作的。
详解:目的状语,可以放句首(后加逗号)也可以放句中。接从句用 in order that。
易错点:so as to 同义但不能放句首。作文开头 In order to achieve my goal, I ... 是很稳的句式。
28. account for 占(比例)、解释
真题例句(2004·上海卷):In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. 六年级时,成年人(父母除外)仅占青少年社交网络的 25%。
详解:两个核心含义:
占(比例): account for + 百分比——图表作文的必备表达(describe a chart 时写它)。解释、说明: account for the phenomenon解释该现象。
29. in terms of 在……方面
真题例句(2014·广西卷):Surely small towns and big cities both have some problems in terms of transport. 小城镇和大城市在交通方面肯定都存在一些问题。
详解:正式书面语,议论文和图表作文的过渡必备:in terms of cost 就成本而言,in terms of health 在健康方面。
同义替换:regarding、when it comes to(后接名词/动名词)。
30. make up one's mind 下定决心
真题例句(2012·广东卷):Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and finally made up my mind to study it in the university. 多亏了你的鼓励,我在数学上不断进步,最终下定决心在大学里学习这个专业。
详解:make up one's mind to do = decide to do(下定决心做)。mind 随主语变化:I make up my mind / We make up our minds / He made up his mind——复数搭配错误是常见的扣分点。
同义:be determined to do(下决心做)、resolve to do。
写在最后
这 30 个短语,覆盖了高考完形、语法填空、阅读理解和书面表达的大部分高频考点。光看不练,等于白看——短语要在句子里用起来才记得住。
「随便学」App 里,这些真题句子每一句都能练:
读英文句子 → 写出中文翻译 → AI 实时打分、逐条纠错,错哪里、为什么错、怎么改,一次讲清; 答错的知识点和生词自动进你的词汇本 / 知识点收藏,随时回看; 能力分动态匹配难度,越练越贴你自己的水平; 内置词典,句子中任意单词点一下就能查音标、发音、例句。
苹果 App Store 与微信小程序搜索「随便学」即可免费使用。
收藏这篇文章,考前翻一遍;打开随便学,把例句亲自译一遍——30 个短语,稳了。