自考英语真题逐句详解-2024年4月-1【爱狗胜过人】

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2024年4月自学考试英语真题第一部分“阅读判断”的逐句详解。

备考过程中，要对真题进行逐词逐句精读。精读目标：没有一个单词不认识，没有一个句子不明白。文章真正读懂之后再去做题，最终做到没有一道题目不正确。这样才能自己总结出做题技巧。

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2024年4月高等教育自学考试英语（专升本）试题

课程代码：13000

24-4-1 Do You Love Your Dog More Than Humans?

你爱狗胜过爱人吗？

1. Elizabeth Anderson once had a dog named Grace.

伊丽莎白·安德森曾经养过一只名叫格蕾丝的狗。

📚 语法分析

句式：主语 + 状语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 后置定语

Elizabeth Anderson 主语（谁）
once 状语（曾经）
had 谓语（有，养）
a dog 宾语（什么）
named Grace 后置定语（修饰 dog）

💡 语序差异named Grace 后置定语，中文前置为“名叫格蕾丝的”。

2. She and her husband cared for Grace and tried to keep her out of trouble.

她和丈夫照顾格蕾丝，努力不让她惹麻烦。

📚 语法分析

句式：并列主语 + 并列谓语

She and her husband 并列主语（谁）
cared for 谓语一（照顾）
Grace 宾语一（谁）
and 并列连词
tried 谓语二（努力）
to keep her out of trouble 宾语（做什么）

✍️ 词组搭配

care for 照顾
keep sb. out of trouble 不让某人惹麻烦

3. They took her on vacations and enjoyed her company around the house.

他们带她去度假，在家里享受她的陪伴。

📚 语法分析

句式：并列谓语

They 主语（谁）
took her on vacations 谓语一 + 宾语 + 状语
and 并列连词
enjoyed her company around the house 谓语二 + 宾语 + 状语

✍️ 词组搭配

take sb. on vacation 带某人去度假
enjoy one's company 享受某人的陪伴

4. When Grace died at age 14, they were deeply upset.

格蕾丝14岁去世时，他们非常难过。

📚 语法分析

句式：时间状语从句 + 主句

When Grace died at age 14 时间状语从句（什么时候）
they 主语（谁）
were 系动词
deeply upset 表语（怎么样）

5. Because Grace was a dog, "I was unable to talk to anyone about this great grief," says Anderson.

因为格蕾丝是只狗，“我无法向任何人倾诉这巨大的悲伤，”安德森说。

📚 语法分析

句式：原因状语从句 + 直接引语 + 插入主句

Because Grace was a dog 原因状语从句（为什么）
"I was unable to talk to anyone about this great grief," 直接引语
says Anderson 插入主句（谁说）

✍️ 词组搭配

be unable to do 无法做
talk to sb. about sth. 向某人倾诉某事
great grief 巨大的悲伤

6. "But it's common to feel that way after the loss of a dog," says Stanley Coren, a professor of psychology.

“但在失去一只狗后，有那种感觉是很正常的，”心理学教授斯坦利·科伦说。

📚 语法分析

句式：直接引语 + 主句 + 同位语

"But it's common to feel that way after the loss of a dog," 直接引语

it 形式主语
is 系动词
common 表语
to feel that way after the loss of a dog 真实主语

says Stanley Coren 主句
a professor of psychology 同位语（解释 Stanley Coren）

✍️ 词组搭配

it's common to do 做某事很常见
the loss of a dog 失去一只狗

💡 语序差异after the loss of a dog 时间状语后置，中文提前。

7. "Our relationship with dogs is simple. Some might call it true love."

“我们与狗的关系很简单。有些人可能会称之为真爱。”

📚 语法分析

句式：两个并列的直接引语句子

"Our relationship with dogs is simple. 主系表
Some might call it true love." 主谓宾宾补

✍️ 词组搭配

relationship with 与……的关系
call it true love 称之为真爱

8. The bond between people and their dogs is a lot like love.

人和狗之间的纽带很像爱。

📚 语法分析

句式：主语 + 系动词 + 表语

The bond between people and their dogs 主语（什么）
is 系动词
a lot like love 表语（怎么样）

✍️ 词组搭配

the bond between...and... ……与……之间的纽带
a lot like 很像

9. In one recent study, when the dogs and their owners just looked at each other, they both had a higher level of the hormone associated with love.

在最近一项研究中，当狗和主人只是看着彼此时，双方都会分泌更高水平的与爱相关的荷尔蒙。

📚 语法分析

句式：状语 + 时间状语从句 + 主句

In one recent study 状语（在哪里/在什么研究中）
when the dogs and their owners just looked at each other 时间状语从句（什么时候）
they both 主语（双方）
had 谓语（有）
a higher level of the hormone associated with love 宾语（什么）

✍️ 词组搭配

look at each other 看着彼此
a higher level of 更高水平的
associated with 与……相关的

💡 语序差异associated with love 后置定语，中文前置为“与爱相关的”。

10. "It is very natural to form a bond between dogs and humans," says Takefumi Kikusui, author of the study.

“在狗和人之间建立纽带是很自然的，”该研究的作者竹文菊水说。

📚 语法分析

句式：直接引语 + 主句 + 同位语

"It is very natural to form a bond between dogs and humans," 直接引语

It 形式主语
is 系动词
very natural 表语
to form a bond between dogs and humans 真实主语

says Takefumi Kikusui 主句
author of the study 同位语

✍️ 词组搭配

form a bond 建立纽带

💡 语序差异英文形式主语结构，中文真实主语提前；“between dogs and humans”后置定语，中文前置。

11. "But we found the same can't be said for humans and wolves."

“但我们发现，对于人和狼来说情况并非如此。”

📚 语法分析

句式：直接引语，主语 + 谓语 + 宾语从句

But we found 主谓
(that) the same can't be said for humans and wolves 宾语从句

✍️ 词组搭配

the same can't be said for... 对……来说并非如此

💡 语序差异for humans and wolves 后置，中文提前“对于人和狼来说”。

12. "Dogs are man's best friend," says Coren.

“狗是人类最好的朋友，”科伦说。

📚 语法分析

句式：直接引语 + 主句

"Dogs are man's best friend," 主系表
says Coren 主句

13. "We've trained them to be that way. We invented the dog to fit in our lives."

“我们训练它们成为那样。我们发明了狗来适应我们的生活。”

📚 语法分析

句式：两个并列的直接引语句子

"We've trained them to be that way. 主谓宾宾补
We invented the dog to fit in our lives." 主谓宾目的状语

✍️ 词组搭配

train sb. to be 训练某人成为
fit in 适应

14. "For 14,000 years, we've been creating an animal which understands our communications and we understand its communications."

“一万四千年来，我们一直在创造一种动物，它理解我们的交流，我们也理解它的交流。”

📚 语法分析

句式：时间状语 + 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 定语从句

For 14,000 years 时间状语（多久）
we 主语（谁）
've been creating 谓语（一直在创造）
an animal 宾语（什么）
which understands our communications and we understand its communications 定语从句（修饰 animal）

💡 语序差异定语从句后置，中文用“它……”另起分句。

15. "They have a bond with us."

“它们和我们之间有纽带。”

📚 语法分析

句式：主语 + 谓语 + 宾语

They 主语（它们）
have 谓语（有）
a bond with us 宾语（什么）

✍️ 词组搭配

have a bond with 与……有纽带

16. For example, if a person points to something in a distance, a dog will look in the direction of the finger, just like a human.

例如，如果一个人指向远处的某物，狗会顺着手指的方向看，就像人一样。

📚 语法分析

句式：插入语 + 条件状语从句 + 主句

For example 插入语
if a person points to something in a distance 条件状语从句（什么条件）
a dog 主语（什么）
will look 谓语（会看）
in the direction of the finger 状语（朝什么方向）
just like a human 方式状语（像什么）

✍️ 词组搭配

point to 指向
in a distance 在远处
in the direction of 朝……方向

17. But what about a wolf?

但狼呢？

📚 语法分析

句式：省略疑问句

But 转折
what about a wolf? 常用句型

✍️ 词组搭配

what about...? ……呢？

18. "It would simply look at the finger," Coren says.

“它只会看着手指，”科伦说。

📚 语法分析

句式：直接引语 + 主句

"It would simply look at the finger," 主谓宾
Coren says 主句

19. For Anderson, dogs are more lovable than humans.

对安德森来说，狗比人更可爱。

📚 语法分析

句式：状语 + 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 + 比较状语

For Anderson 状语（对谁而言）
dogs 主语（什么）
are 系动词
more lovable 表语（更可爱）
than humans 比较状语（比什么）

20. She says, "They try their best to please us. They want to do whatever we want to do. Their love is not limited. They are good at all the things we enjoy in a relationship."

她说：“它们尽全力取悦我们。它们想我们之所想。它们的爱是不设限的。它们擅长一段关系中我们所享受的所有事情。”

📚 语法分析

句式：主句 + 四个并列的直接引语句子